i£x  ICtbrtja 


SEYMOUR  DURST 


When  you  leave,  please  leave  this  book 

Because  it  has  been  said 
"Ever'tking  comes  t'  him  who  waits 

Except  a  loaned  book." 


Avery  Architectural  and  Fine  Arts  Library 
Gift  of  Seymour  b.  Durst  Old  York  Library 


7  BOWLING  GREEN,  NEW  YORK. 


TO 

THOMAS  HENDERSON,  Esq., 

OF  GLASGOW, 

FOUNDER    AND    MANAGER    OF    THE    ANCHOR    LINE    OF    STEAM-PACKET  SHIPS, 

AND  MOST  EFFICIENT  PROMOTER 
OF  THE 

COMMERCIAL  INTERCOURSE  BETWEEN  SCOTLAND,  THE  MEDITERRANEAN,  AND  AMERICA, 

THIS  SKETCH 

OF  THE  GROWTH  OF  THE  ANCHOR  LINE, 
AND  OF 

MAN'S  DAWNING  MASTERY  OVER  THE  INFINITELY  USEFUL  FORCES  OF  NATURE, 
IS     APPROPRIATELY    AND  RESPECTFULLY 

D  E  D  I  C  AT  E  D. 


-• 


PREFACE. 


This  volume  has  no  pretension  to  literary  ability ;  it  is  a  compilation,  "  a  thing  of 
shreds  and  patches,"  the  collated  utterances  of  others ;  and  its  design  is  simply  to  record 
an  interesting  event — the  birth  of  agents'  excursions — and  which  was  the  occasion  of  much 
delight  and  rejoicing  among  all  those  concerned. 

Solomon  says,  "There  is  no  new  thing  under  the  sun;"  but,  certainly,  it  was  a 
novel  spectacle  for  six  hundred  of  the  active,  indomitable,  enterprising,  and  argus-eyed 
agents  of  The  Anchor  Li>te,  to  take  a  day's  coasting  in  one  of  the  yachts  of  their  own 
squadron. 

The  American  Press  thought  so,  and  said  so  much  about  it,  that  the  compiler  was  con- 
strained to  collect  and  print  the  articles  in  a  compact  form;  and  has  also  embraced  the 
opportunity  of  adding  a  few  papers  on  steam,  the  history  of  which  is,  in  some  aspects,  the 
history  of  civilization,  recognizing  the  steamboat,  the  railroad,  and  the  telegraph,  as  ma- 
gicians heralding  "  the  good  time  coming,"  when  commercial  intercourse  between  nations 
will  be  as  free  and  unrestricted  as  it  is  now  between  the  States  of  the  Union. 


# 


CONTENTS. 



PAGE 

1.  — ANCHOR  LINE  AGENTS'  EXOTJESION  ON  THE  STEAMER  "CALIFORNIA,"   9 

2.  — WHAT  THE  AMERICAN  PRESS  SAID  ABOUT  THE  EXCURSION  TO  THE  ANCHOR  LINE  AGENTS,      .         .  17 

3.  — "GOOD  WORDS "  FROM  THE  AMERICAN  PRESS  ABOUT  THE  ANCHOR  LINE,   44 

4.  — THE  ANCHOR  LINE,   73 

5.  — A  CONDENSED  HISTORY  OF  STEAM,   76 

6.  — APPLICATION  OF  STEAM  TO  NAVIGATION,  "...  76 

7.  — HISTORY  OF  THE  FIRST  OCEAN-STEAMER,   82 

8.  — CONDENSED  HISTORY  OF  ATLANTIC  STEAM  NAVIGATION   84 

9.  — CONDENSED  HISTORY  OF  LOCOMOTION,   101 

10.  — ELECTRIC  TELEGRAPHY,  v   106 

11.  — THE  ANCHOR  LINE  FLAG,   108 

12.  — THE  CITY  OF  GLASGOW,   Ill 

13.  — PROGRESS  OF  POPULATION,   113 

14.  — DIMENSIONS  OF  THE  ANCHOR  LINE  ATLANTIC  FLEET,   114 


G/tf&l.   !    (&09nfi-awM  tzZ  Z/te 


Ze> 

The  favor  of  an  early  reply  is  respectfully  requested. 

7  Bowling  Green, 
U0Vfe,  VJtk  July,  1872. 


The  "  life  that  now  is  "  is  so  largely  made  up  of  con- 
trast, that  our  pleasures  and  recreations  are  in  no  small 
degree  owing  to  it  for  their  existence.  Seamen  who  have 
heen  on  one,  two,  or  three  years'  cruise  feel  the  greatest  re- 
lief in  once  more  standing  on  terra  firma,  and  we  of  the 
land  think  the  highest  pinnacle  of  enjoyment  is,  to  have  a 
sail,  be  it  ever  so  short,  on  the  blue  salt  sea,  with  a  good 
ship  under  us,  a  bright  sky  above  us,  and  the  vast  expanse 
of  the  ocean  around  us. 

It  was  with  feelings  akin  to  this  that  early  in  August  I 
accepted  the  above  invitation  tendered  by  Messrs.  Hender- 
son Brothers,  of  The  Anchor  Line,  to  join  in  the  festivi- 
ties of  a  special  fete  to  their  numerous  agents,  who  are 
found  all  over  the  country  from  the  Hub  to  the  Golden 
Gate,  and  from  the  Saguenay's  banks  to  the  prairies  of  fair 
Opelousas.  The  fete  sur  la  mer  comprised  a  breakfast  on 
board  the  "  Trinacria,"  one  of  the  company's  steamers,  and 
an  excursion  down  the  Bay,  with  dinner  on  board  their 
new  floating  palace  the  "  California." 

The  14th  of  August  was  the  day  fixed,  and  the  clerk  of 
the  weather  gave  his  best  efforts  to  the  special  gratification 


of  the  party.  The  air  was  soft,  the  breezes  balmy,  and  the 
weather  every  thing  that  could  be  desired  for  such  an 
excursion. 

Arriving  in  New  York  the  day  before,  I  had  no  trouble 
in  finding  the  headquarters  of  The  Anchor  Line,  whose 
grand  sail  for  the  following  day  was  on  everybody's  lips. 
In  order  to  make  the  reader  thoroughly  comprehend  the 
nature  of  the  event  in  honor  of  which  to-day's  enjoyment 
was  planned,  a  narrative  is  necessary,  which,  as  an  evi- 
dence of  what  skilful  management,  combined  with  broad 
liberal  ideas,  can  accomplish,  is  worthy  the  attention  of 
Americans,  especially  those  interested  in  shipping  and  com- 
mercial interests. 

Some  thirty  years  since,  four  lads  went  to  sea.  In  their 
calling  they  gradually  acquired  a  sufficient  nautical  educa- 
tion to  rise  from  man  to  mate,  from  mate  to  master,  Fru- 
gal in  their  habits,  they  laid  by  their  little  savings  year  by 
year,  till  at  length  they  were  able  to  own  a  fleet  of  small 
craft,  engaged  in  the  fruit-trade  with  the  Mediterranean 
ports.  In  1856  the  firm  of  Handysides  &  Henderson  altered 
one  of  their  sailing-vessels  info  an  auxiliary  screw-steamer. 


10 


THE  ANCHOR  LINE  OF  STEAMERS. 


From  this  The  Anchor  Line  came  into  existence,  and  with- 
in the  brief  period  of  sixteen  years  have  increased  their  fleet 
to  thirty-six  steamers,  and  also  own  the  largest  ship-building 
and  engineering  establishments  in  Scotland. 

The  owners  of  the  The  Anchor  Teste  believe  that  the 
success  of  their  line  of  steamers  depends  in  a  great  meas- 
ure on  having  systematic,  well-appointed,  and  properly-con- 
ducted agencies  ;  that  their  agents  should  be  thoroughly 
posted  and  perfected  in  all  matters  pertaining  to  the  duties 
of  their  agencies  ;  that  they  should  feel  that  each  one  is  not 
only  a  representative  but  that  he  is  a  co-worker,  an  ally, 
united  with  them  by  the  strongest  bonds  of  interest,  in  fact 
"a  part  and  parcel"  of  The  Anchor  Teste,  that  each  must 
act  as  if  on  his  own  undivided  and  individual  exertions 
alone  depended  the  welfare  and  continued  existence  of  the 
line.  To  this  end  the  agents  of  The  Anchor  LnsrE,  espe- 
cially those  living  at  a  distance  from  ]Sew  York,  were  in- 
vited to  inspect  the  "  Trinacria,"  a  Wednesday  steamer,  and 
the  "  California,"  a  Saturday  steamer,  and  so  that  having 
on  the  latter  "  sampled  a  sea-voyage,"  they  could  in  future 
inform  intending  travellers  "what  they  knew  about  the 
Anchor  Line." 

Having  ascertained  that  the  "California"  was  lying  at 
her  berth  near  the  foot  of  Dey  Street,  I  wended  my  way 
thither,  and  soon  found  Pier  20  North  River,  on  which  and 
adjacent  pier  and  bulkheads  the  company  have  erected 
their  large  and  spacious  fire-proof  warehouse-sheds.  There 
lay  the  "  Trinacria "  and  "  California,"  both  gayly  and 
even  grandly  adorned  and  decorated  in  their  holiday  dress, 
presenting  a  most  pleasing  and  right  royal  appearance,  flags 
from  the  trucks  to  the  rails,  flags  from  taffrail  to  knight- 
heads,  flags  athwart-ship,  flags  fore  and  aft  ship,  the  flags 
of  all  nations  in  peaceful  array,  lending  their  fluttering  col- 
ors to  heighten  the  joy  of  the  occasion,  and  combined  in 
their  specific  groups  to  form  a  language  that  is  under- 
stood only  by  mariners.  The  scene  on  the  pier  was  an 
intensely  interesting  and  impressive  one.  There  were 
the  wharves,  crowded  with  a  large  and  enthusiastic  as- 
semblage, whom  the  occasion,  the  distinguished  visitors, 
the  presence  of  the  steamer  "  California  "  herself,  the 
liberality  of  the  proprietors,  who  spared  neither  labor,  in- 
genuity, nor  expense,  in  making  the  occasion  an  auspicious 
one,  had  collected,  to  render  the  scene  one  of  great  impor- 
tance to  the  participants,  and  a  sight  not  soon  to  be  for- 
gotten by  the  thousands  who  witnessed  it. 

Promptly  that  morning  were  the  excursionists  on  hand  ; 
from  early  dawn  until  sailing-time  were  the  railways  and 
steamboats  continually  furnishing  fresh  contingents  from 
the  East,  and  from  the  West,  from  the  North,  and  from  the 
South.    Representative  men  from  nearly  every  leading  city 


in  the  Union  were  there,  and  not  a  few  ladies  graced  the 
occasion  with  their  presence. 

On  the  10th  of  August  the  following  circular  was  issued  : 

Dear  Sir  :  Those  of  our  agents  who  will  arrive  in  New  York  on 
Wednesday  morning,  August  14th,  to  participate  in  the  excursion  on 
the  "California,"  we  request  the  pleasure  of  their  company  to  break- 
fast, on  board  our  steamship  "Trinacria,"  at  Pier  20  North  Kiver,  at 
9  a.  m.  Eespectfully  yours, 

Henderson  Brothers. 

At  9  o'clock  about  one  hundred  and  fifty  guests  partook 
of  a  sumptuous  breakfast  on  board  the  "Trinacria,"  the 
Company's  steamer  to  sail  for  Glasgow  that  day.  Refresh- 
ments of  every  variety,  and  liquids  of  every  hue,  were  dis- 
pensed with  an  open  hand  to  all  who  felt  inclined  to  par- 
take of  the  dainty  viands  offered.  Many  allayed  the  pangs 
of  material  Nemesis,  and  those  who  did  gave  in  a  unani- 
mous verdict  of  the  excellent  taste  of  the  Company,  by 
being  thus  considerate  in  such  a  substantial  style  of  caring 
for  the  temporal  welfare  of  their  numerous  agents. 

The  vast  concourse  of  people,  that  had  been  swelling 
and  increasing  all  the  forenoon,  had  at  half-past  ten  o'clock 
received  such  numerous  accessions  that  it  was  with  no  little 
difficulty  that  a  path  could  be  tunnelled  through  them  and 
the  steamer  reached.  The  guests,  to  the  number  of,  at 
least,  six  hundred,  at  length  got  safely  on  board,  and,  at  11 
o'clock,  the  word  was  given,  "  Gangway  ashore ! "  A  salute 
at  the  same  time  was  fired  from  the  cannon  on  board,  on 
the  piers,  and  on  the  "  Trinacria."  The  band  then  struck  up 
"  The  Star-Spangled  Banner,"  and  the  "  California  "  slowly 
swung  out  clear  of  Pier  20  into  the  stream,  and,  amid  the 
booming  of  cannon,  the  shouts  and  cheers  of  the  crowds  on 
the  wharves,  the  waving  of  handkerchiefs  by  those  on  board, 
th^  dipping  of  ensigns  by  the  naval  and  mercantile  steam- 
ers, the  rush  of  the  water,  the  swash  and  the  wash  of  the 
waves,  as  they  were  lashed  into  a  creamy  flood,  the  "  Cali- 
fornia "  moved  majestically  down  the  river,  with  the  motion 
of  a  giant  conscious  of  power,  yet  unwilling  to  use  it  until 
time  and  occasion  called  for  its  action.  The  spacious  and 
superbly-fitted-up  steamer  was  entirely  at  the  control  and 
command  of  the  guests  who  honored  the  excursion  with 
their  presence,  and  who  had  been  honored  by  a  most  cordial 
invitation  ;  and  they  exercised  their  kingly  prerogative  by 
having  the  "  California  "  go  fast  or  slow,  as  they  pleased. 
The  ship  steamed  finely  during  the  entire  trip,  working  with 
but  one  engine,  and  that  one  the  smallest.  Those  of  the 
guests  who  had  never  sailed  down  New  York  Bay  were  en- 
raptured with  the  scenes  as  the  "  California  "  glided  along, 
giving  panoramic  views  of  lower  New  York,  Jersey  City, 
Brooklyn,  Governor's,  Ellis's,  and  Bedloe's  Islands,  Com- 
munipaw,  Long  Island,  Staten  Island,  and  fine  outlooks  on 


TEE  ANCEOR  LINE  OF  STEAMERS. 


11 


the  palatial  residences  clotted  all  along  the  shore.  The  old 
earth  and  stone  forts  could  also  be  seen,  -with  their  ominous 
mouths  pointed  seaward,  ready  at  a  moment's  warning  to 
open  and  demolish  the  intruder  bold  or  bad  enough  to 
beard,  as  it  were,  the  lion  in  his  den  ;  the  frowning  for- 
tresses, bristling,  with  guns,  that  guard  tbe  Narrows,  drew 
expressions  of  the  peaceful  disposition  of  both  England  and 
America.  In  their  future  intercourse  with  each  other,  the 
hope  was  expressed  that  naught  would  occur  to  cause  those 
guns  to  send  forth  their  crushing  missiles  to  a  craft  bearing 
the  scarlet  ensign  of  Great  Britain. 

"When  abreast  of  the  Quarantine  grounds,  a  salute  was 
fired  in  compliment  to  the  popular  and  ever-vigilant  na- 
tion's health-keeper  at  the  sea-gate,  Dr.  Van  der  Poel,  who 
also  enlivened  the  occasion  with  his  presence.  The  Quaran- 
tine grounds  were  rapidly  passed,  as  were  the  Hospital  isl- 
and and  the  floating  hospitals ;  then  on  we  steamed  beyond 
Sandy  Hook,  admiring,  as  we  passed,  the  lovely  scenery  of 
the  Jersey  coast,  as  forming  the  laud  view,  while  on  the 
other  side  was  the  deep-blue  water  of  the  broad  Atlantic, 
whitened  with  the  sails  of  innumerable  craft.  The  sea  was 
"  like  a  millpond,"  excepting  the  ground-swell  that  is  al- 
ways perceptible  on  the  ocean,  as  if  Neptune  desired  to  per- 
petually remind  those  who  enter  his  dominions  of  his  up- 
heaving power.  Soon  the  steamer  pushed  out  on 
"  The  raging  ocean's  billowy  breast," 

and,  with  the  "  California "  scudding  along  at  a  spanking 
rate,  the  whole  company  laughed  and  chaffed,  and  the  merry 
hours  danced  merrily,  merrily  by  ;  the  guests  became  more 
chatty,  the  entertainers  more  jovial;  the  jest  went  round 
the  smiling  circle,  and  all  went  merry  as  a  marriage-bell. 
Terpsichore's  votaries  footed  it  to  the  stirring  strathspey, 
jig,  or  reel  notes  of  a  couple  of  Scotch  bagpipes,  while  oth- 
ers "  tuned  their  pipes,"  and  mingled  their  voices  with  the 
sweet  strains  of  operatic  airs  from  Grafulla's  Seventh  Regi- 
ment Band.  In  fact,  every  thing  was  there  to  please  the 
most  critical  eye,  to  gratify  the  most  fastidious  taste,  and  to 
meet  the  wishes  and  wants  of  all  whose  privilege  and  pleas- 
ure it  was  to  be  present. 

There  are  few  things  which  I  really  and  thoroughly 
enjoyed  when  a  boy  better  or  more  wholly  than  a  good 
rattling  coast  down  an  unobstructed  hill,  especially  when 
there  was  a  thick  crust  of  strong  snow  on  the  ground  ;  and 
now  that  my  coasting-days  are  over,  and  attention  is  drawn 
to  more  serious  business  affairs,  I  can  feel  all  the  youthful 
enthusiasm  come  back  at  the  idea  of  "  sea-coasting,"  al- 
though so  different  from  that  enjoyed  in  earlier  life. 

About  three  o'clock  the  "  California  "  arrived  opposite 
Long  Branch  ;  but,  as  President  Grant  had  left  that  morning 
for  Washington,  the  services  of  the  tug  tender  that  had  ac 


companied  the  "  California  "  from  the  city  were  not  required. 
A  salute  of  twenty-one  guns,  however,  was  fired  in  honor 
of  the  President,  which  compliment  was  returned  by  the 
clipping  of  the  flag  on  the  President's  charming  cottage, 
and  a  cannonading  by  General  Porter  in  his  behalf. 

With  the  afternoon's  wane  the  ship's  steward  put  in  his 
claim  for  the  attention  of  the  guests.  As  magnificent  a 
feast  as  ever  was  set  before  royalty  had  been  prepared.  In 
letters  of  gold  and  sea-green,  on  delicately-tinted  paper, 
was  printed  the  bill  of  fare,  most  elaborate  in  a  cuisine 
point  of  view,  as  well  as  unique — as  all  present  will  re- 
member— in  a  typographical  point  of  view.  Even  to  such 
minor  details  was  shown  the  determination  of  the  manager 
that  every  thing  should  blaze  with  splendor.  The  dinner 
was  served  up  in  the  after  'tween-decks,  which  had  been 
fitted  up  temporarily  as  a  banqueting-hall,  and  elaborately 
decorated  with  flags,  flowers,  and  evergreens.  Two  hours 
sufficed  to  do  ample  justice  to  the  tempting  banquet,  when, 
according  to  the  programme,  which,  even  on  this  gala-day, 
was  adhered  to  with  the  rigid  discipline  of  shipboard,  all 
assembled  in  the  spacious  salon  and  listened  to  the  toasts 
and  speeches. 

The  chairman  of  the  occasion  was  Mr.  Francis  MacDon- 
ald,  the  American  manager  of  the  Line,  who  was  ably  as- 
sisted by  Mr.  James  Henderson,  of  Glasgow,  as  croupier. 

The  proceedings  were  opened  by  the  chairman  giving  the 
usual  loyal  toasts — the  President  of  the  United  States  and 
the  Queen  of  Great  Britain  and  Ireland — drank  as  usual  by 
the  company  standing,  while  the  bands  played  tbe  "  Star- 
Spangled  Banner"  and  "God  save  the  Queen.-' 

After  the  loyal  came  the  patriotic  toast  of 
"  The  Aemt  and  Navy  :  " 

The  Nation's  Invincible  Sword — Never  drawn  without  cause — 
never  sheathed  without  honor. 

When  the  stirring  and  protracted  applause  which  fol- 
lowed the  reading  of  this  toast  had  subsided,  General  Lewis 
Wallace,  in  his  quiet,  impressive,  and,  when  warmed  up,  sub- 
lime style,  spoke  as  follows : 

Me.  Chairman,  Ladies  and  Gentlemen  :  I  would  have  been  de- 
lighted if  some  gentleman  more  familiar  with  the  responding  business 
had  led  off  and  broken  the  ice  for  me;  yet,  I  accept  the  situation, 
more  particularly  as  I  have  a  consolation  which  my  successors  may 
not  have.  However  dull  and  pointless  my  remarks  may  be,  still  I  am 
sure  of  attention  from  this  audience ;  for  when  the  theme  was  fight- 
ing, never  yet  has  it  been  that  Englishmen,  Scotchmen,  or  Americans, 
were  indifferent  (laughter  and  applause). 

I  suppose,  sir,  the  world  will  never  be  able  to  get  along  without  its 
enthusiasts  and  dreamers,  to  whom,  speaking  justly,  we  are  indebted 
for  many  if  not  most  of  our  grand  and  beautiful  ideas.  As  something 
not  inappropriate  to  the  subject  and  occasion,  let  me,  for  a  moment, 
allude  to  a  school  of  such  men,  by  whom  the  twenty  years  last  past 
have  been  wonderfully  illustrated.  From  much  thought  about  the 
wants  of  mankind;  from  much  brooding  over  the  ways  and  means  of 
merging  all  the  nations  into  one  happy  family;  from  much  pondering 


12 


THE  ANCHOR  LINE  OF  STEAMEL's. 


the  idea  of  the  millennium,  so  tnystioally  promised  us  in  certain  texts 
of  Holy  Writ,  they  came  to  believe  it  possible,  by  common  consent,  en- 
forced by  popular  opinion,  to  abolish  war,  its  pomp  and  circumstance, 
even  the  rumors  thereof.  And  as  there  were  some  actors  among  them 
as  well  as  thinkers,  they  called  for  delegates  from  all  the  peoples,  and 
organized  a  congress,  and  from  it  fulminated  resolutions  and  proclama- 
tions. I  am  sure,  no  one  who  remembered  the  movement  can  ever 
forget  the  flowing  periods  and  Arcadian  utterances  of  Richard  Cobdcn, 
representative  from  England,  and  Elilm  Burritt,  representative  from 
America  (applause).  But,  sir,  the  world  has  a  spear,  magical  as  Ithu- 
riel's,  by  which  it  tests  the  practicability  of  the  projects  of  its  children; 
we  know  it  familiarly  by  the  name  of  common-sense.  One  day, 
rudely  touched  by  that  infallible  test,  the  bonny  dream  broke  and  went 
to  pieces,  like  a  sun-painted  bubble.  Napoleon  quarrelled  with  the 
Hapsburger,  and  the  two  great  battles  that  ensued  shook  the  poetic 
fabric  to  its  base ;  then  the  invasion  of  the  Crimea  threw  down  its 
whole  Eastern  wall ;  when  we  finished  the  rebellion,  nothing  was  left 
of  its  Western  wall;  finally,  amid  the  thunder  of  the  Franco- Prussian 
struggle,  the  millennium  went  up  so  completely,  that  there  remained  of 
it,  not  so  much  even  as  a  "  castle  in  the  air  "  (applause). 

Yet,  ladies  and  gentlemen,  the  idea  lives;  and,  now  even  as  we  sit 
here  rocking  in  this  splendid,  gilded  cradle  of  the  deep,  happy  in  the 
enjoyment  of  the  magnificent  hospitality  for  which  we  are  so  much 
indebted  to  the  gentleman  (Mr.  Francis  MacDonald)  whose  graceful 
presidency  at  the  head  of  the  table  we  may  never  forget  (long  and 
loud  cheering) — even  now  we  are  witnessing  yet  another  effort  to 
abolish  war,  and  its  children,  the  Army  and  Navy.  This  time  the  at- 
tempt assumes  the  more  plausible  form  of  tribunals  of  arbitration  for 
the  settlement  of  international  questions,  and  it  has  for  sponsors  Eng- 
land and  America.  Four  courts  of  the  kind  have  been  in  session  during 
the  year :  two  for  England  and  the  United  States,  one  for  Spain  and 
the  United  States,  and  one  for  the  United  States  and  Mexico.  Will  the 
new  attempt  be  more  successful  than  the  old  one?  (Cries  of  "Yes,  yes — 
hear,  hear  "  ).  I  am  glad  to  be  assured,  sir,  that  there  are  in  my  audience 
those  who,  while  their  hope3  and  wishes  run  current  with  mine,  have 
also  a  greater  faith  in  the  result.  When  nations  agree  to  refer  the  dis- 
pute to  arbitration  and  umpirage,  in  a  degree,  at  least,  they  surrender 
their  sovereignty  ("That'sso — hear,  hear").  Now,  what  if  the  judgment 
prove  disagreeable  to  one  of  them?  We  are  not  without  light  on  the 
question.  England  came  very  near  repudiating  the  Washington  Treaty 
(great  laughter) ;  and  that  without  waiting  to  hear  from  the  court 
(renewed  laughter).  Fortunately,  a  way  out  of  the  trouble  was 
found  without  either  of  the  high  parties  going  back  to  pick  up  the 
sovereignty  so  solemnly  laid  down  ;  still,  it  was  made  plain  that  such  a 
resort  was  at  one  time  in  serious  contemplation.  Turn,  now,  if  you 
please,  to  another  illustration.  The  court  for  the  United  States  and 
Mexico  cannot  bo  said  to  be  a  healthy  organization.  The  two  commis- 
sioners are  in  a  dead  lock  ("  Hear,  hear  ").  Upon  a  difference  of  opinion 
between  them,  the  Mexican,  by  a  doubtful  ruse,  obtained  possession  of 
the  papers  in  the  case  under  consideration,  and  then,  with  proverbial 
faithlessness,  refused  to  refer  the  matter  to  the  umpire,  as  the  treaty 
provides.  And  now,  after  the  ancient  custom,  the  two  governments 
arc  writing  notes,  in  which  a  soldier  might  detect  the  scent  of  sulphur, 
despite  the  high  regard  and  distinguished  consideration  each  professes 
for  the  other  (great  laughter).  But,  sir,  imagine  a  judgment  rendered 
by  one  of  these  romantic  tribunals.  If  it  be  paid,  well  enough  ;  if  pay- 
ment be  refused  ("Hear,  hear"),  then,  not  to  multiply  words,  collection 
will  require  a  bold  constable  and  a  big  posse  (laughter  and  cheers).  In- 
deed, I  should  not  bo  surprised  if  the  historian  took  notice  of  the  affair, 
and  called  it  by  the  old  name — war  (applause  and  laughter).  So,  sir, 
my  conclusion  is  that  the  Army  and  Navy  will  survive  the  new  effort  to 
hasten  millennium,  and  that,  for  many  and  many  an  age  to  come,  tho 
sentiment  I  am  speaking  to  will  be  honored  by  fair  ladies  and  bravo 
men,  even  as  it  is  now  honored. 

A  moment  now  in  which  to  descend  from  generalities.  I  think  I 
may  say,  without  accusation  of  partiality,  that  the  great  conquering  na- 
tions of  to-day  are  tho  English,  Germans,  and  Americans  (great  ap- 
plause). A  few  months  ago  another  name  would  have  appeared  sec- 
ond in  the  list.    But  the  world  waits  on  France!    She  has  forgotten 


how  to  organize  ;  her  discipline  is  a  myth  ;  the  little  corporal  is  with- 
out a  successor;  all  that  remains  to  Frenchmen  is  the  knowledge  how 
to  die  for  Franco.  Take  notice,  however,  that  in  that  knowledge  lies 
the  promise  and  power  of  resurrection  (cheers). 

Ten  years  ago  the  foundation  of  military  discipline  was  supposed  to 
be  the  maxim  of  the  first  great  Prussian — "  Tlie  bayonets  must  not  think." 
Now,  sir,  Waterloo  was  a  great  achievement;  so  were  Shiloh  and 
Gettysburg ;  so  were  Gravelotte  and  Sedan.  But  greater  than  any  of 
them,  greater  than  all  of  them  together,  was  the  other  victory,  not  to 
be  identified  by  place  or  date,  the  victory  over  that  infamous  philosophy 
which  taught  that  to  be  a  hero  the  common  soldier  or  sailor  must  first 
be  a  brute  (great  applause).  After  all,  a  battle  of  the  present  time  is 
only  a  practical  test  of  rival  machinery  ;  and  to  operate  the  deadly  en- 
ginery more  is  called  for  than  muscle  and  automatic  obedience.  The 
higher  elements,  such  as  intelligence,  judgment,  and  moral  courage, 
are  demanded.  So  it  has  come  to  pass  that  the  fighting-man  of  the 
future  must  at  least  be  master  of  the  machine  he  serves,  be  it  a  Krupp 
or  a  Gatling,  a  torpedo-boat  or  an  armored  ship  (applause).  Praise  be 
to  the  God  of  War  as  well  as  Peace.  Never  again  will  the  conquering 
nations  I  have  named  venture  to  send  their  flags  to  the  field  in  care  of 
imbruted,  unthinking  battalions  (applause).  With  these  remarks  in 
the  way  of  preparation,  I  propose,  sir,  that  we  drink  to  the  coming 
soldier  and  sailor — heralds  of  the  later  chivalry,  which  is  to  derive  all 
its  inspiration  from  that  highest  of  human  motives,  duty  tempered  by 
education  and  conscience  (applause,  long  continued,  ending  in  three 
great  cheers  for  the  speaker). 

The  chairman,  on  rising  to  propose  the  Toast  of  the 

Occasion,  embraced  the  opportunity  of  thanking  The 

Agents  for  the  industrious  zeal  they  had  hitherto  exhibited 

in  promoting  the  interests  of  The  Anchor  Line,  and  which 

he  felt  certain  would  not  be  lessened  by  such  reunions  as 

the  present,  concluded  by  saying : 

Gentlemen  :  You  are  interested  in  one  of  the  noblest  works  man 
can  be  engaged  in.  You  are  the  educators  of  your  race — the  elevators 
of  mankind.  Every  "  prepaid  "  you  sell  brings  to  this  country  bone 
and  muscle,  worth  at  the  least  political  calculation  one  thousand  dollars 
("Hear,  hear").  You  enrich  your  country  in  proportion  as  yon  induce 
skilled  labor  to  come  from  the  old  country  to  tho  new,  to  build  your 
railroads  and  other  public  works,  your  warehouses,  stores,  and  dwell- 
ing-houses. You  emancipate  the  European  farmer  from  the  thraldom 
of  the  landlord's  grip,  and  you  place  him  in  the  proud  position  of  own- 
ing the  virgin  prairie  soil  he  now  tickles  with  his  old  hoe  until  it  fairly 
laughs  forth  with  bright,  waving,  golden  grain  (great  cheering).  You 
ferry  across  the  miner  who  so  industriously  develops  the  wondrous  min- 
eral resources  of  your  equally  wonderful  country  (great  cheering  from 
the  Pennsylvania  agents).  You  grant  facilities  to  the  American  to  as- 
certain that  there  are  across  the  water  other  Hubs  and  other  States  than 
Boston  and  New  England.  Nay,  more,  you  are  the  representatives  of, 
and  the  co-workers  with,  the  most  extensivo  line  of  Atlantic  steamers 
in  the  world,  representing  a  monetary  value  of  ten  millions  of  dol- 
lars, and  with  a  destiny  only  dreamt  of  by  the  poet  when  he  sang : 

"  I  dipped  into  the  future,  far  as  human  eye  could  see, 
Saw  the  vision  of  the  world,  and  all  the  wonders  that  could  be  ; 
Saw  the  heaTcns  fill  with  commerce — argosies  of  magic  sails, 
Pilots  of  the  purplo  twilight — dropping  down  with  costly  bales, 
Till  the  war-drum  boomed  no  longer  ;  the  battle-flag  was  furled," 
And  tho  Eed  Anchor  of  the  Clydo  was  universal  o'er  the  world. 

After  the  enthusiastic  and  prolonged  cheering  had  sub- 
sided, the  chairman  claimed  a  bumper  to  the  toast — 

"  Our  Guests." 

The  Representatives  who  have  made  "  The  Anchor  Line  "  a  house- 
bold  word  throughout  the  country :  May  they  continue  in  perpetual 
alliance  to  uphold  with  us  the  Flag  which  is  tho  symbol  of  the  Emi- 
grant's Hope,  and  the  token  of  Security  to  all ! 


THE  ANCHOR  LINE  OF  STEAMERS. 


13 


Which  was  drank  with  great  enthusiasm,  and  was  re- 
sponded to  by  James  Warrack,  Esq.,  Agent  of  the  Line  in 
Chicago,  and  the  popular  British  Consul  at  that  port. 

Mr.  "Warrack,  having  been  introduced,  was  greeted  with 
merited  applause,  and  spoke  as  follows : 

Me.  Chairman,  Ladies  and  Gentlemen:  With  your  permission  I 
rise  to  return  thanks  to  tlie  proprietors  of  the  Anchor  Line  of  steamers, 
the  fathers  of  this  feast,  for  the  invitations  which  emhody  so  much  that 
is  pleasant.  This  trip  to  sea  will  he  enjoyed  as  a  novelty  by  many  of 
us;  the  sumptuous  entertainment  is  one  which  we  will  remember  for 
many  years,  and  the  interchange  of  thought  and  friendship  will  not  be 
soon  forgotten.  In  the  name  of  the  guests,  therefore,  I  say,  long  may 
the  Anchor  Line  continue  to  make  crossing  the  ocean  a  path  of  roses 
to  thousands,  and  each  year  may  be  christened  twin-sisters  like  unto 
the  good  ship  "California,"  continuing  to  carry  the  motto  of  "safety, 
speed,  and  comfort "  at  the  masthead,  and  increasing  the  revenues  of 
their  generous  and  hospitable  owners,  whose  guests,  this  day,  we  have 
the  honor  to  be.  A  well-known  writer  of  Oriental  literature  made  the 
remark  that  the  Chinese  language  is  the  greatest  monument  of  human 
ingenuity  extant.  I  do  not  think  I  shall  be  far  wrong  in  speaking  of 
the  Anchor  Line  of  Transatlantic  Steamships  as  one  of  the  greatest 
monuments  we  have  of  human  energy,  enterprise,  indomitable  persever- 
ance, and  pluck.  When  we  contemplate  its  rapid  growth  and  the  vast 
proportions  it  has  attained  within  a  few  years,  from  a  commencement 
with  one  small  steamer  running  between  Glasgow  and  New  York ;  that 
it  has  never  received  one  penny  of  subsidy  from  any  government ;  and 
consider  that  it  now  numbers  a  fleet  of  forty  of  the  most  commodious 
ocean-steamers  afloat  and  in  process  of  construction,  making  several  trips 
weekly  between  Great  Britain,  Ireland,  the  Continent  of  Europe,  the 
Mediterranean,  and  New  York;  the  loud" calls  from  the  other  side  of 
the  world  to  establish  a  line  between  Australia,  New  Zealand,  and  San 
Francisco ;  that  it  carries  thousands  of  your  citizens  yearly  to  the  East- 
ern Hemisphere  on  business  or  for  recreation,  and  tens  of  thousands 
every  year  from  the  Old  World  to  their  adopted  homes  in  the  New — we 
must  come  to  the  conclusion  that  there  is  very  great  merit  inherent  in 
the  line,  that  the  management  must  be  of  the  highest  order,  and  its  nu- 
merous ramifications  conducted  with  a  large  amount  of  intelligence  and 
business  tact.  While  on  this  subject,  I  believe  I  am  expressing  the  feel- 
ings of  the  proprietors  in  saying  that  they  highly  value  the  exertions 
of  their  many  agents  in  making  the  line  so  well  known  over  this  vast 
continent,  in  its  most  remote  towns  and  villages,  as  far  as  the  home  of 
the  setting  sun;  and  I  know  that  we  gentlemen  as  highly  appreciate 
the  sound  and  liberal  policy  of  the  proprietors,  which  has  made  us  in- 
strumental in  planting  our  prairies  and  our  forests  with  thousands  of 
happy  homes  where  peace  and  plenty  reign ;  of  filling  hundreds  of  rising 
towns  with  skilled  and  industrious  artisans,  who  aid  largely  in  develop- 
ing the  agricultural,  mineral,  manufacturing,  and  commercial  wealth 
of  our  great  country.    (Great  and  vehement  cheering.) 

When  we  consider  the  amount  of  happiness  this  line  has  been  the 
means  of  diffusing,  by  forwarding  so  many  tens  of  thousands  from  all 
parts  of  Europe,  where  they  were  making  a  bare  and  precarious  living, 
to  a  land  flowing  with  milk  and  honey,  where  ordinary  industry,  if 
attended  by  reasonably  good  behavior,  is  certain  to  be  rewarded  with 
plenty,  and  frequently  in  a  short  time  commands  independence  and 
even  affluence,  we  must  admit  that  the  men  through  whose  talents  and 
energy  such  results  have  been  accomplished  are  benefactors  of  their 
kind,  and  well  deserve  the  rich  reward  they  are  now  reaping.  The 
large  sums  of  money  sent  through  you  by  immigrants  of  The  Anchoe 
Line,  to  assist  in  bringing  out  additional  members  of  their  families,  is 
at  once  a  proof  of  their  prosperity  and  contentment ;  no  doubt  this  is, 
in  a  great  measure,  due  to  the  enlightened  and  liberal  policy  of  the 
United  States  Government,  in  giving  such  facilities  for  the  attainment 
of  land  at  prices  which  give  settlers  a  fair  chance  of  making  a  comfort- 
able living  and  eventual  independence.  If  immigrants  could  see  the  pol- 
icy of  pushing  out  into  the  country,  instead  of  hanging  about  the  sea- 
board and  other  cities,  and  of  accepting  the  terms  offered  them  by  the 


liberal  homestead-law,  it  would  not  only  benefit  themselves  and  fami- 
lies, but  it  would  be  of  the  highest  advantage  to  these  cities,  where 
many  of  this  class  often,  through  ignorance  of  the  competency  await- 
ing them,  swell  the  ranks  of  criminals  and  indigent  poor.  To  all  such 
new  arrivals,  we  trust  our  friends  in  the  Atlantic  ports  will  cordially 
and  unhesitatingly,  when  they  have  the  opportunity,  say,  "  Go  West." 
While  all  the  proprietors  of  this  flourishing  concern  are  equally  praise- 
worthy in  their  efforts  to  maintain  its  prosperity,  it  may,  perhaps,  ap- 
pear invidious  to  select  one  for  special  notice ;  but  I  think  I  may  be 
considered  not  out  of  order  if  I  mention  the  name  of  Mr.  Francis  Mac- 
Donald,  of  New  York,  for  many  years  its  principal  agent  in  this  coun- 
try, but  now  the  managing  partner  here,  and  to  whom  we  are  mainly 
indebted  for  this  delightful  reunion,  as  the  gentleman  to  whom  is  due 
the  chief  credit  of  developing  the  American  traffic  to  its  now  enormous 
proportions  :  long  may  he  and  his  co-partners  live  to  enjoy  the  results 
of  their  many  years  of  labor!    (Great  and  prolonged  applause.) 

Several  of  you  gentlemen  have  asked  me,  "How  is  Chicago  flourish- 
ing? Are  you  getting  over  that  fire  ? "  I  am  glad  to  say  to  you,  repre- 
senting as  you  do  nearly  every  State  of  the  Union,  and  every  province 
in  the  Dominion  of  Canada,  that  the  wonderful  restoration  of  that  city 
by  the  unexampled  energy  displayed  by  her  people,  who,  in  the  short 
space  of  ten  months,  including  a  long  and  severe  winter,  have  rebuilt 
the  greater  part  of  the  business  district  with  a  nobler  class  of  build- 
ings than  existed  before  the  9th  day  of  last  October,  is  unparalleled. 
For  the  four  months  ending  July  31st,  the  Board  of  Public  Works  issued 
permits  for  the  erection  of  nearly  seven  miles  of  brick,  stone,  and 
marble  buildings  ;  and  miles  of  streets,  occupied  less  than  a  year  ago  by 
wooden  shanties  or  private  residences,  are  now  covered  by  handsome 
stores  and  magnificent  public  buildings.  I  feel  particularly  gratified  in 
being,  on  this  occasion,  enabled  to  say  this  much  for  the  city  of 
Chicago,  knowing  that  the  well-understood  modesty  and  retiring  dispo- 
sition of  her  citizens  would  never  have  allowed  them  to  so  publicly  refer 
to  her  prosperity!  The  trade  of  the  city  this  spring  has  been  unpre- 
cedentedly  great,  showing  the  wonderful  recuperative  power  of  the 
American  people  doing  business  in  and  with  her  ;  and  now  that  there 
appears  a  general  desire  of  the  people  of  all  parts  of  the  Union  to  forget 
the  late  disagreement  with  Dixie  and  to  bury  the  hatchet  forever,  there 
appears  a  still  greater  future  opening  for  that  wonderful  city  and  for  this 
great  country  which  so  securely  reposes  under  the  flag  of  the  Union, 
the  well-known  banner  of  the  stars  and  stripes.  (The  plaudits  were  re- 
peated for  some  time,  and  continued  until  the  reading  of  the  next  toast : 

"  The  Poet  of  New  Yoek." 

The  Great  Natural  Sea-Gate  of  our  Country — May  its  commercial 
interests  continue  to  be  developed  by  the  energy  of  her  merchants,  and 
the  fostering  care  of  legislation.) 

And  which  was  responded  to  by  Dr.  Van  der  Poel,  who,  in 
a  well-considered  and  well-received  speech,  delivered  in  his 
usual  felicitous  style,  said  : 

Me.  Chaieman:  I  could  have  wished  that  some  other  than  a  dis- 
ciple of  iEsculapius  had  been  invited  to  respond  to  this  toast;  em- 
bracing as  it  does  topics  of  so  wide  a  range,  comprehending  such 
varied  and  extensive  interests,  it  should  have  as  its  expounder  one 
whose  studies  had  been  more  particularly  directed  to  the  topic. 

Not  that  it  requires  elaborate  argument  or  display  of  figures  to  veri- 
fy the  truth  of  the  sentiment,  for  in  the  assemblage  around  me  I  see  its 
full  justification.  Why  should  those  merchants  be  gathered  in  such 
numbers  from  every  part  of  the  globe,  why  should  there  be  such  an 
increasing  stream  of  floating  palaces,  or  why  should  this  beautiful  bay 
be  ever  whitened  with  innumerable  sails,  were  not  its  claim  of  being 
the  natural  sea-gate  fully  recognized  ? 

The  "fostering  care  of  legislation"  involves  considerations  of  an- 
other character.  If  it  involves  questions  of  Federal  jurisdiction,  I  must 
leave  it  for  others  to  argue.  Inasmuch,  however,  as  it  concerns  the  re- 
quirements of  State  legislation,  I  can  safely  say  there  is  every  disposi- 
tion on  the  part  of  the  State  authorities  to  foster  in  every  way  the  de- 
velopment of  the  commercial  interests  of  this  port. 


14 


THE  ANCnOR  LINE  OF  STEAMERS. 


So  far  as  tho  department  with  which  I  am  connected  is  concerned, 
I  can  safely  assure  you  that  hut  the  ono  feeling  of  facilitating  commerce, 
bo  far  as  is  compatible  with  tho  public  health,  actuates  it. 

It  was  with  feelings  of  apprehension  that  I  assumed  the  duties  of 
the  office.  Wrongs  I  knew  had  grown  up  in  connection  with  it;  but  I 
was  at  the  same  time  assured  that,  no  matter  what  concessions  were 
made,  there  would  be  no  satisfying  the  commercial  interest.  It  gives 
me  pleasure  to  bear  witness  that  such  has  not  been  tho  case ;  that,  in 
every  instance,  I  have  been  met  with  open  cordiality,  and  every  effort 
to  correct  abuses  most  cheerfully  seconded.  It  is  my  earnest  wish  to 
make  my  position  a  purely  medical  one;  to  allow  every  thiug  which 
pertains  to  the  commercial  relations  of  the  department  to  take  the 
course  of  ordinary  transactions,  so  long  as  I  exercise  proper  sanitary 
control.  This  principle  once  established,  it  will  be  impossible  for  any 
future  official  to  change  the  spirit  of  the  office. 

It  is  my  earnest  wish  to  maintain  the  respect  and  esteem  not,  only 
of  my  professional  brethren,  but  of  the  commercial  community.  I  shall 
therefore  strive  to  know  no  other  course  than  such  as  my  duty  as  a 
sanitarian  directs.  If,  by  so  doing,  I  seem  to  run  counter  to  the  views 
and  wishes  of  commercial  men,  I  hope  it  will  be  attributed  to  no  other 
motive  than  the  responsibility  to  the  important  trust  which  has  been 
confided  to  me.  To  such  principles  it  will  be  my  wish  to  add  the  "fos- 
tering care  of  legislation  "  (long-continued  applause). 

The  Chairman  prefaced  the  next  toast  by  remarking 
that  twenty-five  years  ago  the  first  screw-steamer  crossed 
the  Atlantic.  Eight  years  later,  a  steamer  entered  our  hay, 
flying  at  her  mast-head  a  white  flag,  emblematic  of  peace. 
On  it  a  red  anchor,  emblematic  of  hope,  steadfastness, 
and  security.  Four  links  to  the  anchor,  emblematic  of 
friendship  or  fraternity  of  the  four  brothers  .Henderson, 
then  linked,  now  welded,  together  in  the  determination  to 
excel  in  building  and  fitting  up  ocean  ferry-boats,  with  all 
the  appointments  and  appliances  for  use  and  luxury  that  the 
ingenuity  of  man  could  devise,  and  that  the  wisdom  of  two 
continents  could  furnish.  How  far  they  have  succeeded, 
and  as  a  proof  of  their  combined  skill,  energy,  and  enter- 
prise, I  have  but  to  point  you  to  the  ocean-palace  you  are 
now  on  board  of  [great  cheering],  and  beg  to  propose  as  the 
next  toast — 

"The  Steamship  1  California.'  " 

May  her  career  be  as  beneficial  to  the  Anchor  Line  as  her  golden 
prototype  has  been  to  the  Union! 

After  the  vehement  applause  which  followed  the  reading 
of  this  toast  had  subsided,  Hon.  Henry  Nicol  spoke  as  fol- 
lows : 

Mr.  President,  Ladies  and  Gentlemen  :  The  enthusiasm  with 
which  this  toast  has  been  received  is  an  appropriate  acknowledgment 
of  the  compliment  paid  to  our  country  in  giving  to  this  splendid  steam- 
er tho  name  of  the  golden  star  of  our  Union — the  State  of  California. 
May  her  career  be  as  prosperous  as  that  of  the  young  Commonwealth 
which  has  so  successfully  planted  on  the  Pacific  coast  the  vigorous  civ- 
ilization of  the  great  Teutonic  race  ! 

After  the  examination  which  you  have  made  of  this  vessel,  I  doubt 
not  you  will  agree  with  me  that  a  nobler  craft  never  entered  our  har- 
bor. She  is  the  last  contribution  to  that  lino  of  steamers  whose  flag  is 
Inli  ne  over  tho  seas  of  almost  every  clime,  and  whoso  owners  have,  at  all 
times,  displayed  an  energy  and  capacity  which  must  command  success. 

As  these  new  steamers  cotne  to  our  shores  in  rapid  succession,  each 
surpassing  its  predecessor,  with  every  thing  to  secure  the  safety  and 
comfort  of  their  passengers,  and  to  afford  them  all  the  conveniences  and 


elegances  of  a  refined  life  on  shore,  we  are  tempted  to  ask  ourselves 
whether  any  limit  can  bo  assigned  to  the  creative  genius  of  man.  Look- 
ing at  tho  "California,"  we  may  well  doubt  whether  a  safer  or  finer 
vessel  can  be  built  or  equipped;  yet  I  presume  that  our  enterprising 
friends  of  Glasgow  will  be  scarcely  willing  to  admit  that  this  steamer, 
splendid  as  she  is,  is  tho  last  and  noblest  of  their  efforts.  Perhaps  at 
some  future  and  not  distant  day  we  may  be  invited  to  examino  another 
vessel  of  theirs  which,  improbable  as  it  may  now  appear,  shall  surpass 
even  the  "California." 

All  hail  to  this  gallant  vessel !  May  she  long  continne  to  perform 
her  part  in  keeping  up  that  communication  which  is  day  by  day  grow- 
ing closer  and  closer  between  ourselves  and  our  brethren  across  the  sea. 
Bound  together  as  these  two  nations  are  by  a  thousand  ties  of  consan- 
guinity and  interest,  who  does  not  feel  that  the  prosperity  and  progress 
of  both  are  indissolubly  united,  and  that,  if  ever,  in  an  hour  of  mad- 
ness and  folly,  they  should  become  foes,  "  chaos  will  be  come  again." 

The  honorable  gentleman  sat  clown  amid  the  most  deaf- 
ening cheering,  which  was  again  and  again  renewed,  until 
the  Chairman  called  the  assemblage  to  order  by  proposing 
as  the  seventh  toast — 

"The  Kailroad  Interest." 

The  complement  of  the  steamship;  whose  myriad  tendrils  are  con- 
tinually weaving  a  net-work  of  highways,  annihilating  distances,  redis- 
tributing populations,  and  bringing  together  the  "ends  of  the  earth." 

And  which,  in  the  absence  of  H.  W.  Gwinner,  Esq.,  was  re- 
sponded to  by  Hiram  Dixon,  Esq.,  of  the  Pennsylvania  Rail- 
way, as  follows : 

Mr.  Chairman,  Ladies  and  Gentlemen:  I  regret  exceedingly  that 
there  is  no  member  of  my  fraternity  here  present  who  could,  more 
fittingly  than  myself,  grace 'this  occasion  and  do  greater  justice  to  this 
very  complimentary  toast.    ("Hear,  hear.") 

The  railroad  system  of  this  country,  which  during  the  past  thirty 
years  has  attained  such  wonderful  proportions,  united  with  that  mag- 
nificent fleet  of  Transatlantic  Ocean-Steamers,  which  now  ply  between 
the  Old  World  and  the  New,  have  become  the  real  civilizers  of  modern 
times.  These  joint  enterprises  serve  to  take  up  the  industrious  but 
down-trodden  laborer  from  the  exhausted  districts  of  the  Old  World 
and  transplant  him  to  the  rich  and  inviting  fields  of  the  great  West ; 
where,  with  the  same  enterprise  and  industry  exerted  fruitlessly  in  his 
native  country,  the  immigrant  is  certain  to  surround  himself  with 
his  own  comfortable  home  (freed  from  the  presence  of  the  prowling 
bailiff  to  make  distraint) ;  with  his  own  broad  acres  of  tho  virgin  soil, 
and,  in  fine,  to  mould  for  himself  such  a  career  as  will  insure  for  him 
the  respect  of  his  fellow-men;  and,  what  is  just  as  good,  the  consola- 
tion of  having  passed  his  own  manhood  among  freemen,  and  dying,  to 
leave  this  best  and  noblest  heritage  to  his  children.  (Applause.) 

Indeed,  it  is  to  the  long  lines  of  connecting  railroads  which  traverse 
our  expansive  country  in  connection  with  the  fleet  of  such  magnificent 
steamships  as  this,  whose  beauties  we  are  this  day  permitted  to  inspect 
by  her  enterprising  agents,  that  we  may  attribute  the  unprecedented 
and  wonderful  prosperity  of  tins  country;  and  I  am  gratified  to  find 
that  this  fact  is  becoming  itself  better  and  more  generally  understood 
by  our  people. 

Let  us  go  on,  therefore,  unceasingly  encouraging  tho  mutual  rela- 
tions which  should,  and  for  so  long  a  time  have  existed  between  the 
great  Pvailway  and  Ocean  Lines ;  and  for  myself  nothing  will  be  for- 
gotten or  neglected  to  cement  those  interests  in  general,  and  especially 
the  very  cordial  relations  now  existing  between  tho  Pennsylvania 
Eailroad  and  the  Anchor  Line  of  Steamships.  (Cheers.) 

The  next  toast  in  order — ■ 

•"The  Atlantic  Cable:" 
That  electric  vein  through  which  thrill  the  pulsations  of  the  hearts 
of  the  two  hemispheres — 


THE  ANCHOR  LINE  OF  STEAMERS. 


15 


was  responded  to  by  the  Hon.  Erastus  Brooks,  who,  on 
rising,  was  repeatedly  cheered. 

Mr.  Chairman,  Ladies  and  Gentlemen  :  A  fitting  and  impromptu 
response  to  the  toast  in  honor  of  "the  Ocean  Cable"  I  confess 
is  beyond  my  ability.  As  silence  is  often  more  expressive  than 
speech,  so  a  great  work  like  this  spanning  continents,  hemispheres, 
and  oceans,  best  speaks  for  itself  even  when  no  eye  can  see  its 
marvellous  developments,  and  no  ear  hear  its  utterances.  The 
simplest  touch  of  the  fingers,  thousands  of  miles  away,  brings  to  out- 
doors, almost  upon  the  instant,  the  revolutions  of  empires,  news  of  the 
earthquake  and  the  storm,  of  all  that  there  is  of  change  or  stability 
in  trade  or  politics.  The  humor  of  the  imaginary  Puck,  who  put  his 
girdle  round  the  earth  in  forty  minutes,  is  so  far  excelled  by  the  real 
result  as  to  reduce  the  minutes  to  seconds  of  time,  and  even  in  the 
laws  of  geographical  space  to  make  tfiis  day  in  one  part  of  the  earth 
the  yesterday  or  to-morrow  in  another.  The  idea  of  Moscow  or 
Vienna,  of  Berlin  or  Paris,  of  Madrid  or  London,  whatever  or  wher- 
ever it  is,  threads  its  rapid  way  all  throughout  the  morning,  noon,  or 
afternoon  overland  to  Ireland,  there  to  be  flashed  under  the  ocean  and 
read  on  land  at  your  homes,  or  in  your  counting-houses  at  an  hour  much 
earlier  than  the  moment  when  the  message  first  started  upon  its  errand. 
The  words  started  from  Valentia  convey  cabalistic  signs  at  Newfound- 
land, are  changed  again  into  letters  and  words,  and  soon  speed  their  way- 
all  along  the  United  States,  and  on  to  California  or  Oregon.  Wonderful, 
indeed,  is  this  annihilation  of  time  and  distance!  How  it  has  changed 
the  commerce,  and  customs,  and  thoughts  of  the  world!  No  longer  is 
even  the  fleet  messenger  of  land  or  sea,  or  the  post-coach  necessary ; 
the  simple  order,  advice,  or  command,  takes  the  place  of  ships,  mails, 
of  land  locomotives,  and  steam  upon  the  ocean ;  it  is  the  tamed  light- 
ning, wired  to  human  thought  and  meeting  the  decrees  of  man. 

Mr.  President,  while  I  congratulate  your  company  upon  this  most 
beautiful  ship,  the  pioneer  of  half  a  dozen  others  soon  to  be  built,  and 
one  of  twoscore  or  more  built  within  the  few  years  past — while  I  see 
them  covering  the  ocean  from  the  old  North  Sea,  the  Baltic,  and  Medi- 
terranean of  the  Old  World — to  the  seaports  of  Quebec,  New  York,  and 
New  Orleans  in  the  New — taking  every  half  week  their  hundreds  of  pas- 
sengers, and  almost  millions  of  freight,  I  must  confess,  even  here  under 
the  British  flag,  around  your  hospitable  board,  and  in  the  presence  of  so 
many  Britons  of  thrift,  capital,  and  industry,  the  deep  regret  I  feel  as 
an  American  that  in  this  beautiful  harbor  of  ours,  year  in  and  year 
out,  I  see  no  such  ships  built  at  home,  none  bearing  the  flag  of  my  be- 
loved country,  and  engaged  in  the  great  and  prosperous  commerce  of 
the  world.  This  is  not  the  time  nor  place  to  discuss  or  to  state  the 
cause,  but  there  is  a  cause,  and  it  ought  to  be  removed.  (Applause.) 
The  world  is  big  enough  for  all  of  us,  as  is  proved  by  the  hundreds 
of  ships  which  make  this  port  the  focus  of  their  European  trade.  We 
welcome  them  all,  the  tri-colors  of  France  and  Germany,  of  Hamburg 
and  Bremen,  and  Havre;  and  the  cross  of  St.  George  from  London, 
Liverpool,  and  Glasgow ;  but  we  would  now  and  then,  if  for  nothing 
but  the  novelty  of  the  thing,  be  glad  to  see  built  on  our  waters  by  our 
own  skilful  mechanics,  and  with  our  own  capital,  ships  equal  to  those 
launched  on  the  Clyde.  We  wish  you  and  yours,  sir,  no  less  prosper- 
ity; while  we  would  be  glad  to  share  with  you  some  of  the  common 
honors  and  benefits  which  belong  to  the  whole  commercial  world. 
Once  our  ships  circumnavigated  the  globe,  and  there  was  no  land  ac- 
cessible by  water  where  they  were  not  found.  It  was  long  ago  the 
boast  of  the  land  whose  thrift  and  success  we  celebrate  to-day,  that 
"  the  sun  never  sets  upon  the  British  dominions."  While  this  is  true,  we 
claim  our  share  in  the  discoveries  of  modern  times.  In  Franklin-,  who, 
"like  Prometheus  brought  the  fire  from  heaven;"  in  Morse,  who  gave 
thoughts  and  words  to  electrical  fire  and  motion ;  in  Fulton,  who  led 
the  way  in  practical  stteam  navigation ;  and  in  a  multitude  of  useful  in- 
ventions in  metals  and  woods,  machines,  and  other  discoveries,  which 
have  revolutionized  the  world;  but  it  is  yours  both  to  invent  for  the 
land  and  encourage  the  freest  trade  and  use  of  the  seas.  All  honor, 
then,  to  your  splendid  ships  and  all  her  consorts!  All  honor  to  those 
who  build,  those  who  command,  and  those  whose  genius  inspires  the 


mastery  of  the  ocean ;  the  world  is  all  before  them,  "where  to  choose 
their  place  of  orb,"  and  may  Providence  be  thus  kind. 

The  Chairman  proposed  as  the  next  toast : 
"The  Press." 

The  High-Priest  of  those  ministers  of  the  service  of  Mankind,  the 
Steamship,  the  Railroad,  and  the  Telegraph. 

And  which  was  eloquently  responded  to  by  John  L.  Wilson, 
Esq.,  of  the  New  York  Herald — 

Who  said  he  was  proud  to  represent  the  Press  of  New  York  on 
such  an  occasion  as  the  present.  After  making  some  allusion  to  the 
enormous  power  of  The  Press  in  these  latter  days,  its  power  for 
good,  and  its  power  for  evil,  its  power  to  aid  and  its  power  to  injure, 
Mr.  Wilson  made  graceful  reference  to  the  growth  and  prosperity  of 
The  Anchor  Line,  a  line  which  had  become  in  every  respect  worthy 
of  the  Clyde,  the  great  ship-building  centre  of  the  world.  The  steam- 
ship "California"  is  in  itself  a  proof  that  the  proprietors  of  The 
Anchor  Line  were  determined  not  to  rest  satisfied  with  the  past. 
That  TnE  Anchor  Line  might  continue  to  prosper,  and  that  it  might 
more  and  more  become  an  honor  to  Glasgow  and  the  Clyde,  was  his 
earnest  wish.  (Cheers.) 

The  applause  having  subsided,  the  Chairman  then  gave  : 
"Orra  Gallant  Sailors." 

Whose  devotion  to  duty  demands  our  highest  praise — To  their  skill 
and  courage  we  confidently  intrust  Life  and  Treasure,  and  we  commend 
them  to  Him  who  alone  can  keep  them  "  Secure  amid  Perils." 

And  which  was  responded  to  by  Captain  Osbon,  editor  of 

the  Nautical  Gazette.    On  rising  to  his  feet,  considerable 

applause  took  place,  and,  when  it  had  subsided,  Captain 

Osbon  spoke  in  the  following  terms  : 

Mr.  Chairman,  Ladies,  and  Gentlemen  :  I  thank  you  for  the 
honor  you  have  conferred  in  allotting  to  me  the  pleasurable  task  of 
responding  to  the  toast  of  "Our  gallant  sailors."  A  sailor  from  my 
boyhood,  and  as  one  who  knows  the  history  of  Jack's  innermost  life, 
and  of  the  perils  he  has  to  undergo,  I  speak  on  the  subject  willingly, 
and  yet  with  a  feeling  of  sorrow,  for  I  regret  to  say  that  my  friend 
Jack  is  not  sufficiently  appreciated.  I  began  life  as  it  were  upon  the 
sea,  and,  for  over  a  quarter  of  a  century,  the  sea  has  been  my  home. 
Naturally  enough  I  began  at  the  bottom  rung  of  the  ladder,  for  in  those 
days,  when  I  commenced  navigating,  it  was  considered  that,  to  learn 
one's  trade,  it  was  right  to  begin  low  down,  and  to  go  through  a 
thorough  apprenticeship  of  all  pertaining  to  ship-life.  I  feel  thankful 
that  I  went  through  the  ordeal,  and  did  not  commence  as  a  full-blown 
officer,  which  custom,  I  regret  to  say,  has  prevailed  greatly  of  late 
years.  I  will  not  weary  you  with  telling  you  of  my  hardships  as  I 
then  considered  them — while  on  my  first  voyage,  for  instance,  sand- 
papering the  anchor  when  wTork  was  slack,  or  going  aloft  in  a  hur- 
ricane; but  I  will  simply  say  that  I  have  been  through  the  grades  of 
cabin-boy,  cook  with  its  disagreeable  reminiscences  of  greasy  Dishes, 
steward,  ordinary  seaman,  and  through  the  various  grades  until  I  at- 
tained the  rank  of  master,  and  found  myself  at  the  top  of  the  sailor's 
social  ladder.  (Cheers.)  So  you  see,  ladies  and  gentlemen,  that  sailors 
are  my  friends,  and,  while  engaged  in  quill-driving  nowadays,  I  often 
lay  my  pen  aside,  and  falling  back  in  my  chair,  let  memory  run  rife, 
while  reminiscences  flit  before  me  of  pleasant  hours  passed  on  the  fore- 
castle-deck, on  some  fine  moonlight  night,  while  we  were  gliding  past 
with  a  zephyr-breeze,  some  beautiful  island,  while  a  tropical  sunset 
would  lend  an  air  of  enchantment  to  the  gorgeous  scene.  Meanwhile, 
pipes  would  be  lighted,  and  our  champion  yarner  Would  tell  us  the 
history  of  his  life.  One  choice  and  particular  spirit  of  this  type,  named 
"Historical  Joe,"  I  remember  well;  20  years  in  this  navy,  30  years  a 
prisoner  of  war,  22  years  in  charge  of  a  light-house,  15  years  a  sail- 


1G 


THE  ANCHOR  LINE  OF  STEAMERS. 


maker  in  tho  Brooklyn  Navy  Yard,  etc.;  tlie  aggregate  of  the  years 
mentioned  being  over  212  I  Peace  to  his  ashes,  for  his  bones  now  are 
bleaching  at  the  bottom  of  the  Atlantic,  his  ship  having  boen  burnt  off 
the  Azores  on  the  next  voyage  he  went!  llowevcr,  to  return  to  poor 
Jack  again,  as  tho  friend  of  common  humanity,  who  brings  those  iri- 
descent silks,  those  fine  broadcloths,  you  aro  wearing,  ladies  and  gentle- 
men, your  tea  from  tho  Orient,  and  countless  other  luxuries  and  neces- 
saries which  you  aro  in  the  habit  of  daily  enjoying?  Why,  nobody  but 
my  good  friend  Jack. 

Our  President,  Mr.  MacDonald,  who  is  our  genial  Commander  to- 
day, can  tell  you  what  he  owes  to  poor  Jack  collectively.  He  can 
speak  of  Jack's  perils  in  mid-winter  in  the  coarse  Atlantic,  when  ice- 
bergs, that  would  break  the  stanchest  ship  like  an  egg-shell,  are  con- 
stantly met  with,  and  how  Jack  peers  the  gloom  and  mist  off  the  storm- 
ridden  coast  of  Newfoundland,  and  who,  when  alarm  is  sounded,  is 
always  ready  to  come  forward  and  do  his  duty  manfully,  and  while 
life  remains  in  his  body. 

But  let  me  ask  you  what  reception  does  Jack  get  when  he  is  ashore. 
The  first  thing  done  is  to  thrust  a  tract  into  his  horny  fist.  I  say  this 
in  no  feeling  of  disrespect  to  the  Christian  religion,  but  I  plead  that 
my  friend  Jack,  who  is,  physically  speaking,  a  giant,  but  when  ashore 
acts  like  a  child,  shall  be  kindly  treated,  not  treated  like  a  Cherry  Street 
dog;  that  sailors'  homes  shall  greet  him,  and  that  his  brethren  of  the 
shore  shall  act  a  brotherly  part  to  him,  and  not  rob  him  like  some 
benighted  traveller ;  that  a  friendly  grasp  of  the  hand,  not  that  of  a 
dastardly  pirate,  as  many  of  our  boarding-house  runners  are,  shall  meet 
him  on  his  arrival,  and  that  some  good  Samaritan  shall  indicate  to  him 
respectable  quarters  to  lodge  at.  Is  this  asking  too  much  for  the  men 
who  carry  commerce  and  good-will  to  the  farthermost  part  of  the 
earth  ?  It  is  not,  and  you  feel  I  am  saying  what  is  right,  I  hope. 
There  have  been  too  much  sentiment  and  too  little  real  philanthropy 
exhibited  toward  our  friend  Jack,  but  I  hope  from  the  bottom  of  my 
heart  that  a  new  era  is  about  to  dawn  in  this  respect. 

In  conclusion,  let  me  say  a  few  words  about  the  gentlemen  who 
commenced  life  as  sailors,  and  whose  names  are  now  as  universally 
known  they  are  respected;  I  allude  to  the  Messrs.  Henderson,  the 
owners  of  The  Anohoe  Line.  (Loud  cheers.)  Their  honorable  record 
is  patent  to  you  from  the  time  they  commenced  their  sea-life ;  their 
energy,  their  fidelity  step  by  step,  lifted  them  till  they  stand  in  their 
present  proud  position,  the  owners  of  a  fleet  of  magnificent  steamers, 
which  now  are  to  be  met  constantly,  stemming  the  broad  Atlantic. 
The  trade  between  the  Mediterranean  and  this  port  direct  was  opened 
up  to  us  by  these  enterprising  Scotchmen,  and  their  success  in  this 
respect  has  been  simply  wondrous.  The  whole  story  in  a  word  is, 
they  have  built  46  steamers  for  TnE  Anchor  Line  in  15  years,  of  which 
the  present  craft  in  which  we  are  now  sailing  is  the  latest  and  most 
improved  type,  and  one  of  the  noblest  craft  that  ever  crossed  the  At- 
lantic. I  have  to  apologize  for  having  taken  up  so  much  of  your  time, 
Mr.  President,  ladies,  and  gentlemen,  but  hope  that  you  will  forgive  me 
on  the  score  of  being  an  old  Jack,  and  having  a  vested  interest,  in  things 
pertaining  to  shipping  and  nautical  matters  generally.  (Cheers.) 

The  Chairman  then  called  on  Alfred  Roe,  Esq.,  to  re- 
spond to  the  toast  of 

"  The  Ladies." 
The  ship  on  which  they  are  forgotten  is  unworthy  of  her  sex. 

After  the  prolonged  applause  elicited  by  this  toast  had 
ceased,  Mr.  Roe,  in  his  more  than  usually  happy  manner, 
said : 

Ladies  and  Gentlemen  :  I  do  not  know  why  an  old  married  man, 
such  as  I  am,  should  be  honored  by  being  selected  to  respond  to  this 
toast,  and  be  the  spokesman  for  so  much  beauty  and  grace  as  surround 
me,  when  I  sec  so  many  gay  and  gallant  bachelors,  basking  in  tho  rays 
of  bright  eyes,  whoso  enthusiasm  might  be  considered  as  much  more 
likely  to  be  excited  to  eloquence  by  the  theme,  and  who  could  certainly 


do  much  better  justice  to  the  subject.  It  may  be  that  the  instincts  of  a 
married  man,  supremely  happy  in  his  own  home,  like  our  worthy  host, 
had  something  to  do  with  it.  lie  may  have  thought,  judging  from  his 
own  experience,  that  none  but  one  who  had  partaken  of  tho  joys  of 
matrimony  and  knew  all  its  blessings,  could  speak  with  proper  appre- 
ciation of  the  ladies. 

Being  a  married  man,  you  must  expect  me  to  speak  from  a  matri- 
monial point  of  view.  The  days  of  my  fervent  adoration  for  bright 
eyes  and  smiling  lips  are  gone,  although  I  still  can  enjoy  gazing  at  the 
one,  and — well — looking  at  the  other.  But  the  days  of  my  appreciation 
of  the  joys  and  comforts  of  a  home  arc,  I  hope,  likely  some  time  to  con- 
tinue, and  can  there  be  a  home  without  a  wife?  It  has  indeed  been 
well  said  by  a  poet  or  author  whose  name  I  have  forgotten  : 

"  She  halves  our  sorrows, 
She  doubles  our  joys." 

I  have  no  sympathy  with  the  would-be  satirists  who  are  perpetu- 
ally exhibiting  their  small  wit  by  harping  on  and  sneering  at  panniers, 
Dolly  Vardens,  chignons,  etc.,  apd  trying  to  frighten  young  men  from 
matrimony.  Such  things,  let  me  tell  you,  my  bachelor  friends,  are 
but  the  husk  of  the  kernel,  the  thorns,  it  may  be,  of  the  rose ;  trans- 
plant the  flower,  and  tend  it  properly,  and  the  thorns  will  soon  disap- 
pear, and  you  can  lay  the  blossom  with  joy  upon  your  hearts. 

Rather  do  I  admire  the  answer  of  the  stout  champion  of  the  sex, 
who,  when  reminded  that  Eve  had  tempted  Adam,  responded,  "  God 
bless  her  generous  heart,  she  had  but  one  apple  and  she  gave  Adam  the 
half  of  it "  (cheers  and  laughter). 

But  I  will  detain  you  but  a  moment  longer  ("  No,  no ;  go  on !" ).  It 
is  too  warm  for  a  long  speech.  I  will  conclude  by  a  reminiscence  of 
my  boyish  days.  Years  ago,  almost  before  the  era  of  ocean-steamers, 
it  was  my  lot  to  make  a  couple  of  voyages  in  an  old-fashioned  sailing 
ship,  and  well  do  I  recollect  the  toast  our  jolly  skipper  used  to  drink  on 
Saturday  nights ;  and  although  we  are  on  board  of  an  ocean-steamer, 
and  the  queen  of  ocean-steamers,  I  know  you  will  all  join  heartily  in 
drinking  it  to-day : 

"  Here's  to  the  wind  that  blows, 
The  ship  that  goes, 
And  the  lass  that  loves  a  sailor." 

(Great  cheering.) 

The  toasts  all  given,  the  speeches  all  delivered,  the  for- 
mal exercises  of  the  day  closed,  when  the  guests  in  a  happy 
frame  of  mind  adjourned  to  the  main  deck,  and  the  rest  of 
the  time  was  given  to  fun  and  jollity ;  the  music  from  the 
Seventh  Regiment  band  continually  pealing  out  national 
and  stirring  strains  into  the  still,  cool,  evening  air. 

The  pleasures  of  the  day  were  enhanced  by  the  presence 
of  two  young  Highland  pipers,  who  discoursed  the  sharp- 
toned,  soul-inspiring  notes  of  the  thrilling  music  of  the  glen, 
the  cairn,  and  the  copse,  to  the  interested  listeners.  The 
pipers  were  attired  in  national  costume,  and  on  the  return 
home  the  playing  of  old  Scottish  reels,  etc.,  was  not  an  un- 
important part  of  the  evening's  programme.  Those  thus 
inclined  whiled  away  the  evening  hours  by  dancing  on  the 
upper  deck  until  at  eight  o'clock  the  "  California  "  arrived 
at  her  dock. 

Altogether  the  entire  occasion  was  such  a  one  as  to  be 
long  remembered  by  all  those  whose  privilege  it  was  to 
have  accepted  the  invitation,  and  the  virgin  excursion-trip 
of  the  "California"  to  Long  Branch  and  back  will  not 
soon  be  forgotten  by  its  participants. 


SAID   ABOUT  THE 


The  interest  manifested  in  this  excursion  was  not  at  all  confined  to  the  city  of  New  York,  but  extended  to  almost 
every  State  in  the  Union,  and  every  province  in  the  Dominion  of  Canada,  as  will  be  seen  from  the  following  extracts 
ot  notices  which  have  appeared  in  the  press  ;  and*  as  this  book  is  intended  to  be  a  souvenir  of  that  memorable  event, 
I  have  considered  this  a  fitting  place  to  commemorate  and  insert  what  notices  I  have  found  in  looking  over  files  of 
country  newspapers,  culling  out  repeated  and  copied  descriptions  of  the  event,  the  steamer,  or  the  line,  as  useless 
repetitions.  There  are  doubtless  many  other  notices  which  I  have  been  unable  to  obtain.  The  omission  has  not  been 
intentional ;  and,  should  any  of  The  Anchok  LrNE  agents  feel  aggrieved  because  the  notice  of  the  excursion  that  had 
appeared  in  *•  their  paper  "  is  not  preserved  in  a  conspicuous  niche  here,  it  is  because  the  compiler  was  not  aware  of  its 
existence.  By  sending  a  copy  of  the  omitted  article  to  The  Anchor  Line  Office,  ISTew  York,  it  will  appear  in  the 
next  edition.     .  „ 


IS 


the  a  yen  on  line  of  steamers. 


Anchor  Line. 

The  famous  Anchor  Line  of  steamers,  that  run  between  New  York  and  Glas- 
gow, ure  about  to  add  an  elegant  new  steamer,  the  "  California,"  to  their  already 
large  number  of  Bte&iners.  This  boat  will  make  a  trial  trip  from  New  York  to 
Long  Branch  before  going  into  regular  service.  An  invitation  to  said  trial  trip 
this  piper  acknowledges. — St.  Louis  Journal,  August  3,  1872. 

The  Anchor  Steamer  Line— An  Acceptable  Invitation. 

\Vc  arc  indebted  to  Henderson  Brothers,  agents  of  The  Anciiok  Line  of 
ocoau-steaiuers,  7  Bowling  Green,  New  York,  and  324  Wabash  Avenue,  Chicago, 
for  an  invitation  to  an  excursion,  August  14th,  from  New  York  to  Long  Branch, 
on  their  superb  new  steamer,  the  "  California,"  recently  built  in  Glasgow,  which 
it  gives  us  great  pleasure  to  accept,  and  a  page  of  the  Journal  will  be  devoted  to 
chronicling  the  event.  The  "  California"  is  one  of  a  line  of  twelve  steamers  cross- 
ing the  ocean  twice  a  week,  Wednesdays  and  Saturdays,  between  New  York  and 
Glasgow,  and,  for  from  $28  to  $75  passage-money,  furnishing  unrivalled  accom- 
modations to  travellers  across  the  briny  deep,  who  enjoy  thereon  safety,  luxury, 
elegance,  and  comfort.  When  we  have  seen  for  ourselves,  we  shall  say  more. — 
Wisconsin  State  Jjtornal,  Auijust  5,  1872. 

Breakfast  and  a  Ride  in  New  York  Harbor. 

Some  forty  years  ago,  four  little  Scotch  boys  began  their  sea-life ;  starting 
out  from  the  Clyde  in  little  smacks,  and  gradually  rising  in  the  gradations  of 
tonnage  and  rig  until  they  had  served  schooners,  brigs,  barks,  ships,  and  steam- 
ers, and  were  conversant  with  every  detail  in  connection  with  these  different 
types  of  vessels.  Keadily  acquiring  knowledge,  and  practising  economy  and 
sterling  integrity,  these  boys  grow  up  to  manhood  imbued  with  all  the  intelli- 
gence necessary  with  which  to  build  a  lasting  business  structure,  which  year 
by  year  should  increase  in  magnitude  and  power.  They  saw  several  attempts 
made  to  establish  steam-traffic  between  the  port  of  Glasgow  and  the  rich  and 
rapidly-developing  marts  of  the  New  World,  and  as  often  saw  them  fail.  In  due 
time  they  banded  together  for  the  purpose  of  developing  a  business  which  has 
rapidly  grown  to  be  of  enormous  magnitude,  and  which  is  yet  destined  to  out- 
rival their  most  sanguine  expectations.  These  little  Scotch  boys  rapidly  rose  to 
be  the  world-wide-known  firm  of  Handyside  &  Henderson,  of  Glasgow,  the  own- 
ers of  The  Anoiiob  Line  of  steamers,  now  the  favorite  passenger-line  between 
New  York  and  Glasgow.  We  have  just  received  from  the  enterprising  managers 
an  invitation  to  breakfast  on  the  14th  inst.,  on  board  their  new  steamer,  the 
"  California,"  and  take  a  pleasure-excursion  to  Long  Branch  same  day.  This 
new  steamer  is  said  to  be  one  of  the  finest  in  the  world,  and  will  sail  on  the  17th 
inst.  as  the  regular  weekly  packet  for  Glasgow,  connecting  with  every  part  of 
Europe. — Springfield  (0.)  Journal,  August  8,  1872. 

Excursion  on  the  "  California." 

Messrs.  Henderson,  of  The  Anchor  Line,  have  just  issued  invitations  to  their 
agents,  and  others,  to  go  on  an  excursion  to  Long  Branch  on  board  their  new 
steamer  "  California."  The  trip  is  to  be  made  on  the  14th  iust. — Scottish-Ameri- 
can Journal,  August  8,  1872. 

Off  for  Long  Branch. 

Henderson  Brothers,  of  the  celebrated  New  York,  Glasgow,  and  Londonderry 
Anchor  Line  rf  steamers,  are  going  to"  wet"  their  new  steamship  "  California" 
on  the  14th  of  this  month.  The  steamer  will  leave  Pier  20  North  Biver,  New 
York,  at  11  o'clock  on  that  day,  on  an  excursion  to  Long  Branch,  and,  from  what 
we  know  of  The  Anchor  Line,  we  are  sure  the  anchor  will  be  weighed  and  not 
found  wanting  on  the  occasion.  Invitations  have  been  sent  to  all  The  Anchor 
Line  agents  throughout  the  country  to  take  part  in  the  excursion.  1).  A.  Brosnan, 
Esq.,  the  Washington  agent,  will  be  of  the  company.  We  wish  the  "  California" 
and  her  company  on  that  day  the  fairest  wind  and  the  smoothest  sea.  For  the 
rest  we  rely  on  Henderson  Brothers. —  Washington  Irish  Republican,  August  10, 
1872. 

A  Pleasure  Trip. 

Messrs.  Henderson  Brothers,  of  New  York,  have  arranged  for  the  agents  of  The 
Anchor  Line  of  Steamships  and  invited  friends  a  breakfast-excursion  on  the  steam- 
ship "  Trinaeria,"  in  North  Kiver,  Wednesday,  and  a  private  excursion  to  Long 
Branch  the  same  day,  on  the  new  steamer  "  California."  Mr.  J.  M.  Hanson  and 
wife,  and  doubtless  other  St.  Louisans,  will  join  the  party. — St.  Louis  Globe, 
August  12,  1872. 

A.  Stewart  Potter  and  Mrs.  G.  II.  Walter  leave  to-day  to  join  a  large  parly 
of  excursionists  to  Long  Branch,  by  the  splendid  new  steamer  "  California,"  of 
The  Anchor  Line. — Seranton  Republican,  August  13,  1872. 

The  Anchor  Line. 

Wo  are  the  honored  recipient  of  a  handsomely-printed  descriptive  circular 
and  broad  ticket,  enclosed  in  a  neat  little  uoto  which  thus  explains  itself: 


824  Wabash  Avenue,  Chicago,  July  29,  1872. 

Editor  Gold  Hill  News: 

We  request  the  pleasure  of  your  company  and  ludies'  to  breakfast  on  board 
our  steamship  "  Trinaearia,"  at  pier  No.  20  North  Kiver,  New  York,  on  Wednes- 
day, August  14,  at  It  A.  m.,  and  to  a  private  excursion  to  .Long  Brunei^  at  11 
A.  M.,  on  our  steamship  "  California  " — the  latest  addition  to  our  Atlantic  fleet. 
Present  enclosed  card  at  our  dock  entrance,  foot  of  JJey  Street,  New  York. 
Respectfully  yours, 

Henderson  Brothers. 

We  regret  exceedingly  that  prcssuro  of  editorial  duties  will  not  allow  of  our 
company  and  ladies'  being  enjoyed  on  this  occasion,  yet  hope  the  excursion  will 
proceed  all  the  same,  with  many  thanks  for  the  courtesy. 

Gold  Hill  {JYev.)  Daily  News,  August  14, 1872. 

The  "Jolly  Anchorites." 

New  York,  August  14, 1S72. 

To  the  Editor  of  the  Standard: 

The  Messrs.  Henderson  Brothers,  proprietors  and  managers  of  the  popular 
Anchor  Line  of  Steamships,  gave  a  grand  excursion  yesterday  in  their  new 
Clyde-built  iron  steamer  "  California,"  to  their  numerous  agents,  with  their  fam- 
ilies, and  other  invited  guests.  The  company,  which  was  composed  largely  of 
ladies,  numbered  some  six  hundred,  and  a  jollier  crowd  never  met  on  the  deck 
of  an  ocean-steamer.  The  "California"  is  a  new  steamer,  this  being  her  sec- 
ond trip — and  she  is  the  finest  vessel  thus  far  put  upon  this  famous  line — is  thor- 
oughly appointed  with  all  the  modern  improvements,  elegantly-fitted  cabins  and 
state-rooms,  and  every  thing  of  the  most  fine  and  substantial  character.  Sho 
has  accommodations  for  180  cabin  and  700  steerage  passengers,  and  is  commanded 
by  Captain  Craig,  commodore  of  The  Anchor  Line,  a  gentleman  and  a  sailor 
every  inch  of  him.  Captain  Craig  has  been  with  this  line  from  its  inception,  and 
by  his  professional  ability  and  gentlemanly  bearing  has  won  the  esteem  and 
confidence  of  all.    He  is  seconded  by  a  very  efficient  corps  of  officers. 

The  "  California"  runs  between  this  port  and  Glasgow,  and  with  her  mate, 
the  "Victoria,"  now  receiving  her  machinery  in  Scotland,  she  will  render  this 
line  even  more  popular  and  successful,  if  possible,  than  heretofore.  By  the 
kindness  of  Messrs.  Hatch  &  Watson,  of  your  city,  agents  of  this  line,  your  cor- 
respondent received  an  invitation  to  accompany  the  excursion,  and  presented 
himself  duly  on  board  at  the  appointed  hour.  At  eleven  o'clock  the  lines  were 
cast  off,  and  the  big  steamer,  under  the  guidance  of  a  tug,  swung  out  into  tho 
harbor,  from  pier  No.  20,  amid  the  booming  of  cannon  and  the  cheers  of  the 
assembled  crowd.  She  was  gayly  decorated  with  flags  and  streamers,  and  must 
have  presented  a  fine  appearance  as  she  steamed  down  the  bay.  The  day  was 
beautiful,  the  fine  breeze  tempering  the  air,  which  on  shore  was  sweltering,  and 
the  smooth  waters  giving  no  motion  to  the  huge  hull  of  the  steamer  calculated 
to  produce  unpleasant  feelings. 

We  passed  several  large  steamers  which  dipped  their  colors  respectfully  in 
reply  to  the  salute  of  the  "  California,"  and  at  Quarantine  we  saw  the  tremendous 
size  of  the  Spanish  rani  "  Nuinancia,"  with  "Yellow  Jack"  aboard.  Sho  is  a 
very  powerful-looking  craft,  and  is  said  to  draw  more  water  than  any  vessel, 
saving  possibly  tho  "  Great  Eastern,"  that  has  ever  been  in  the  harbor.  During 
the  trip  down,  the  time  was  occupied  in  inspecting  the  fine  appointments  of  tho 
steamer,  dancing  to  the  music  of  Grafulla's  band,  social  intercourse,  and  merry 
pleasant  chat,  till  the  "California"  had  passed  the  Narrows,  rounded  Sandy 
Hook,  and  reached  a  point  nearly  opposite  Long  Branch.  Then  the  guests  were 
summoned  below  to  inspect  and  discuss  a  feast  prepared  by  that  excellent 
caterer,  Mr.  N.  Stoekdale,  the  Commodore  Steward  of  the  line,  and  well  was  his 
enviable  reputation  sustained.  In  the  steerage  the  berths  had  been  removed, 
and  five  long  tables,  seating  ninety  each,  were  stretched  the  whole  length  of  that 
compartment.  The  bill  of  fare  was  like  that  of  a  first-class  hotel,  only  more  so, 
and  the  tables  were  decorated  with  flowers  and  fruit  in  elegant  profusion.  There 
was  little  that  could  delight  the  eye  or  please  the  palate,  that  was  wanting.  Tho 
guests  sat  down  as  the  guns  on  deck  were  thundering  a  salute  to  President  Grant, 
and  of  the  crowds  which  relieved  each  other  at  the  tabic  in  the  next  two  hours, 
if  any  went  away  dissatisfied  it  was  his  own  fault.  The  viands  were  abundant 
and  choice,  and  the  waiters  attentive  and  obliging,  the  liquid  refreshments  of  tho 
best  brands,  and  the  supply  inexhaustible.  The  entire  management  of  this  part 
of  the  affair  added  new  lustie  to  the  reputation  of  Mr.  Stoekdale,  the  steward. 
From  the  table  the  guests  adjourned  to  the  grand  saloon,  where  the  toasts  wcro 
read  and  responded  to.  Wo  regret  that  wc  have  not  time  to  report  some  of  theso 
at  length,  but  must  content  ourselves  with  a  simple  mention.  The  first  two — 
the  President  and  the  Queen — were  drunk  standing,  with  appropriate  music  by 
the  band.  The  very  efficient  master  of  ceremonies,  Mr.  Francis  MacDonald,  then 
announced  "Tho  Army  and  Navy,"  responded  to  in  a  very  spirited  speech  by 
General  Lew  Wallace.  "  Our  Guests,"  to  which  James  Warrack,  Esq.,  responded 
with  an  excellent  speech.  Then  "  The  Port  of  New  York,"  answered  by  T)r. 
Vandcrpoel,  health-officer  of  tho  port,  in  an  excellently-worded  speech.  Next 
tho  steamship  "California,"  response  by  the  lion.  Henry  Nicol.  Then  tho 
"  Railroad  Interest,"  responded  to  by  Hiram  Dixon,  Esq.,  of  the  Pennsylvania 
Central  Railroad.  Then  the  "  Atlantic  Cable,"  to  which,  in  the  absence  of  Cyrus 
W.  Field,  Esq.,  Hon.  Erastus  Brooks  eloquently  replied.  "The  Press"  was 
next  toasted,  and  John  L.  Wilson,  Esq.,  responded  felicitously.  Then  "  Our 
Gallant  Sailors,"  to  which  Captain  B.  S.  Osborn  mado  a  most  effective  rcsponso, 


THE  ANCHOR  LINE  OF  STEAM  EL'S. 


19 


pleading  the  cause  of  poor  Jack  with  much  eloquence  and  common-sense.  Last 
but  not  least  came  "  The  Ladies,"  to  which  Alfred  Koe,  Esq.,  responded  happily, 
after  which  the  company  repaired  to  the  deck  again,  just  as  the  steamer  was 
passing  up  the  bay  on  her  return.  At  half-past  seven  the  huge  steamer  was  laid 
alongside  her  pier,  and  .the  excursionists  disembarked,  with  many  thanks  to  the 
liberality  and  thoughtfulness  of  Messrs.  Henderson  Brothers  and  their  represent- 
atives, as  well  as  Captain  Craig  aud  his  gentlemanly  officers,  with  the  most 
pleasant  memories  of  the  elegant  steamer,  and  best  wishes  for  the  continued  suc- 
cess of  The  Ancuor  Line. — Bridgeport  Republican  Standard,  August  15,  1872. 

Excursion  by  the  Anchor  Steamship  Company. 

An  excursion  was  given  yesterday  on  board  the  "California"  by  Messrs. 
Henderson,  proprietors  of  Tue  Anchor  Line  of  steamships,  to  the  American 
agents  of  the  Company.  The  steamer  left  her  dock,  Pier  No.  20  North  Eiver,  at 
11  o'clock  a.  M.,  having  on  board  about  500  persons.  On  leaving  the  dock,  Gra- 
fulla's  Seventh  Eegimeut  Band,  which  was  on  board,  played  the  "  Star-spangled 
Banner"  and  "God  save  the  Queen,"  and  when  in  the  Bay  several  vessels 
dipped  their  flags  in  reply  to  the  salute  of  the  "  California."  Luring  the  trip 
Grafulla's  Band  performed  several  pieces,  and  Messrs.  Clelland  and  Eankin, 
who  were  in  Highland  costume,  favored  the  guests  with  music  by  the  bagpipes. 
The  "  California  "  steamed  down  the  Bay,  and  went  as  far  as  Long  Branch,  and, 
after  firing  several  guns,  returned  to  New  York.  On  the  return  voyage,  the 
guests  were  invited  to  partake  of  an  excellent  dinner,  which  the  Company  had 
provided.  In  consequence  of  the  large  number  present,  the  second  deck,  amid- 
ships, was  turned  into  a  large  dining-saloon,  and  here  the  guests  did  ample  jus- 
tice to  the  bountiful  supply  of  viands  which  loaded  the  tables.  After  dinner, 
the  popping  of  champagne-corks  announced  that  the  festivities  had  not  con- 
cluded. Mr.  MacDonald  the  agent  of  Messrs.  Henderson  Brothers,  then  took  the 
chair,  and  a  number  of  toasts  were  drank  amid  great  enthusiasm. 

By  7£  p.  M.,  the  steamer  was  safely  docked,  and  the  guests  departed  for  their 
homes,  well  pleased  with  the  excursion  and  the  creditable  manner  in  which  the 
programme  was  carried  out.  Among  the  gentlemen  present,  who  devoted  their 
time  to  making  the  guests  comfortable,  were  Mr.  MacDonald,  Mr.  Lamont,  Cap- 
tain Craig,  and  the  officers  of  the  ship.  Not  a  single  instance  of  any  unpleasant- 
ness occurred  during  the  day  to  mar  the  pleasure  of  the  excursion.  On  leaving 
the  steamship,  the  guests  gave  three  ringing  cheers  for  The  Anchor  Line  and 
for  the  good  steamship  "  California." — New  York  Times,  August  15,  1872. 

The  Jolly  Anchorites. 

The  agents  of  The  Anchor  Line  of  steamers,  running  between  this  port  and 
Glasgow,  had  an  excursion  yesterday  on  the  new  steamer  "  California,"  which 
was  tendered  them  by  the  Henderson  Brothers,  of  this  city.  The  invited  guests 
were  numerous,  numbering  in  all  about  3G5  persons,  and  as  the  vessel  steamed 
away  from  her  pier  at  the  foot  of  Dey  Street,  with  her  decks  crowded  with 
people,  her  rigging  gayly  adorned  with  a  multitude  of  flags  and  the  band  playing 
a  lively  air,  she  presented  an  animated  and  exhilarating  scene.  The  start  was 
made  a  few  minutes  after  11  o'clock,  and  at  7s  p.  m.  the  excursionists  were  again 
in  the  city.  .  The  course  sailed  was  through  the  Bay,  outside  of  Sandy  Hook,  and 
as  far  as  Long  Branch.  There  was  a  delightful  breeze  all  day,  and  this,  together 
with  the  excellent  music  furnished  by  Mr.  Grafulla,  and  the  abundance  of  eat- 
ables and  drinkables,  kept  everybody  in  the  best  of  spirits. 

About  3  o'clock  an  elegant  cold  collation  was  served,  which  was  attacked  with 
ardor  by  the  impatient  crowd,  and  quickly  disposed  of,  and  then  the  company, 
or  as  many  of  them  as  could  get  in  the  place,  were  called  to  order  in  the  main 
saloon,  where,  amid  the  continuous  popping  of  champagne-corks,  a  number  of 
toasts  were  drunk  with  much  enthusiasm. 

The  "  California,"  is  a  remarkably  fine  vessel,  and  was  built  in  Glasgow  by 
Alexander  Stephens  &  Sons.  She  is  an  iron  screw-steamer  of  3,287.08  gross 
tons,  is  361.5  feet  in  length,  40.5  feet  in  beam,  and  24.5  feet.frora  tonnage  deck 
to  ceiling,  and  31.5  feet  from  upper  deck  to  ceiling.  Her  beam  being  so  great, 
makes  her  a  very  safe  and  easy  vessel  at  sea.  She  has  two  compound  vertical 
direct-acting  engines,  with  one  cylinder  103  inches  in  diameter,  with  four  feet 
stroke  of  piston,  working  up  to  1,047  H.  P.,  and  built  at  the  Finnieston  Steam- 
ship Works,  ner  steam-power  is  generated  in  six  boilers,  tested  to  a  pressure  of 
70  pounds,  and  a  donkey-boiler  for  supplying  steam  to  the  windlass,  winch,  aud 
other  labor-saving  engines. 

The  following  is  a  list  of  the  officers  :  Captain,  James  Craig ;  Chief  Officer, 
John  Craig ;  Second  Officer,  John  C.  Groat ;  Third  Officer,  Hugh  E.  Brown  ; 
Fourth  Officer,  George  Cairney  ;  Chief  Engineer,  Parian  McFarlane ;  Second 
Engineer,  Ebenezer  Lowther ;  Third  Engineer,  Joseph  Gale;  Fourth  Engineer, 
Thomas  Taylor;  Fifth  Engineer,  Archibald  Cranston;  Sixth  Engineer,  James 
dimming  ;  Chief  Steward,  Nathaniel  Stoekdale ;  Doctor,  Robert  Murdoch ; 
Purser,  William  Bryce. 

The  second  of  the  new  fleet,  the  "  Victoria,"  a  sister  to  the  "  California," 
has  just  been  launched,  and  the  "Bolivia"  and  "  Ethiopia,"  of  4,500  tons  each, 
are  well  forward.  Three  other  steamers  are  in  frames— viz.,  the  "Ethiopia," 
"  Castalia,"  and  "  Italia,"  making  in  all  seven  steamers,  of  over  23,000  tons  in 
the  aggregate,  and  valued  at  $500,000  each,  which  will  be  built  for  this  firm  with- 
in one  year. — New  Fori  Mail,  August  15,  1872. 


Another  Palace  afloat. 

The  magnificent  new  steamer  "  California,"  recently  added  to  The  Anchor 
Line,  between  New  York,  Glasgow,  Queenstown,  and  other  European  ports,  and 
of  which  Henderson  Brothers  are  proprietors,  made  a  pleasure-trip  to  Long 
Branch  and  return  on  Wednesday,  carrying  about  700  passengers,  who  were  de- 
lighted with  the  trip.  Mr.  MacDonald,  the  general  agent,  was  on  board,  and  per- 
sonally looked  after  the  comfort  and  enjoyment  of  the  gue>ts  and  passengers. 
The  "  California"  was  built  in  Glasgow  during  the  present  year  ....  The 
grand  saloon  is  finished  on  a  scale  of  magnificence  which  is  carried  out  in  every 
part  of  the  floating  palace,  making  a  voyage  on  her  safe,  comfortable,  and  enjoy- 
able alike.  The  "  California  "  will  take  rank  among  the  cosiest  and  safest  steam- 
ers in  the  trade. — New  York  Sun,  August  15,  1S72. 

The  Excursion  of  The  Anchor  Line  Steamer  "California." 

This  was  one  of  the  events  of  the  week,  and  was  prepared  on  the  grandest  scalo 
of  any  thing  of  the  kind  for  a  long  time.  The  "  California  "  is  the  avant  courrier 
of  seven  other  Ancror  Line  steamers  just  like  this  one,  of  which  the  "Victoria" 
is  launched,  and  the  others  all  christened,  as  the  "  Bolivia"  and  "  Utopia,"  of 
4,500  tons  each,  and  the  "Castalia"  and  "Italia."  The  "California"  has  all 
the  modern  improvements,  the  grand  saloon,  the  best  ventilation,  boudoirs  for 
ladies,  grand  state-rooms,  and  every  thing  which  is  desirable,  beautiful,  and  ef- 
fective. It  is  really  a  sight  to  behold  one  of  these  steamers,  and  to  contrast  them 
with  those  which  started  in  the  work  of  carrying  passengers  between  Europe  and 
America.  Since  1S5G  The  Anchor  Line  have  built  seventeen  steamers,  of  from 
1,500  to  3,500  tons,  and  now  another  thousand  tons  are  added  to  each  vessel,  and 
with  all  the  strength  and  luxuries  combined  that  human  ingenuity  could  devise,  or 
a  cultivated  taste  desire ;  aud  all  this  the  work  of  four  bold-sailor-boys,  who,  forty 
years  ago,  started  with  literally  nothing  but  good-will  and  indomitable  pluck. 
Beginning  with  a  little  sailing-craft,  engaged  in  the  fruit-trade  on  the  Mediter- 
ranean, they  have  now  become  the  owners  of  $10,000,000  worth  of  some  of  the 
best  property  in  port  or  on  the  ocean.  The  seven  steamers  now  in  hand  are 
worth  $3,500,000,  and  of  23,000  tons  in  all,  and  yet  but  a  small  part  of  the  ton- 
nage of  the  forty-six  steamers  built  for  this  line  in  fifteen  years.  The  company 
on  the  "  California"  numbered  some  400,  and  were  entertained  in  a  most  mag- 
nificent manner  by  the  company  and  their  principal  agent,  Mr.  MacDonald.  The 
speaking  in  the  afternoon  was  of  the  highest  order,  and  the  company  delighted. 
At  7  the  party  were  landed,  after  an  absence  from  the  city  of  eight  hours. — New 
York  Express,  August  15,  1872. 

| 

The  Anchor  Line  Excursion. 

Messrs.  Henderson  Brothers,  the  proprietors  of  The  Anchor  Line  of 
steamers,  devoted  their  elegant  steamship  "  California"  to  the  use  of  their  agents 
and  friends  yesterday.  At  11.15  the  steamer  sailed  from  Pier  No.  20  North 
Eiver,  having  on  board  about  400  of  the  friends  of  the  agents  and  the  patrons  of 
the  line.  The  affair  wras  a  deserved  testimonial  to  the  employes,  and,  as  an  evi- 
dence of  taste  on  the  part  of  the  proprietors,  was  one  of  liberal  magnificence. 

The  vessel  steamed  down  the  bay,  and  off  Long  Branch  took  a  turn  to  sea- 
ward, accompanied  by  the  steamer  "  Seth  Low,"  and  returned  to  her  dock  about 
8  o'clock  last  evening.  The  excursion  was,  throughout,  a  complete  success. 
The  best  of  music  was  given  by  a  full  band,  the  entire  ship  was  thrown  open  to 
the  guests,  and  not  the  least  pleasing  feature  of  the  day  was  the  attendance  of 
two  bag-pipers,  in  full  Highland  costume,  who  gave  the  old  Scotch  airs  at  inter- 
vals, with  great  skill.  The  entertainment  provided  was  superb — such  as  is  sel- 
dom given  upon  any  vessel — every  delicacy  that  the  market  could  afford,  all 
prepared  upon  the  ship,  by  the  ship's  cook  and  steward,  was  placed  upon  the 
board,  and  the  whole  number  of  guests  were  seated  at  one  time  at  tables  spread 
between-decks.  The  toasts  were  responded  to  by  General  Lew  Wallace,  James 
Warrack,  Esq.,  Hon.  Henry  Nicol,  Alfred  Eoe,  Esq.,  aud  others.  The  ship 
steamed  beautifully,  working  only  with  one  engine,  and  the  rate  of  speed  was 
alternately  increased  or  decreased  as  the  guests  desired — the  entire  vessel  being 
at  the  service  of  those  invited. 

The  "  California"  is  a  new  ship — her  sailing  on  Saturday  next  being  on  her 
second  voyage — and  is  completely  and  elegantly  fitted  in  every  respect,  with  all 
modern  conveniences,  and  an  attention  to  detail  in  the  furnishing  which  is  seldom 
found  in  the  sea-going  steamers.  Her  sister  vessel,  the  "  Victoria,"  one  of  a 
fleet  of  six  new  steamers  now  nearly  completed,  will  be  here  in  a  few  weeks,  as 
the  patronage  extended  to  The  Anchor  Like  is  rapidly  increasing,  and  the  suc- 
cess of  Mr.  MacDonald's  management  here  is  one  which  he  not  only  deserves,  but 
which  the  Messrs.  Henderson  Brothers  appreciate. — New  York  Commercial  Ad- 
vertiser, August  15,  1872. 

The  Jolly  Anchorites— Excursion  on  board  the  New  Steamer  "  California." 

Henderson  Brothers,  the  agents  of  the  popular  Anchor  Line  of  steamships 
plying  between  this  port  and  the  Old  World,  yesterday  gave  an  excursion  to 
their  agents  throughout  the  United  States  and  Canadas.  After  a  breakfast  on 
board  the  new  steamer  "  California,"  the  line  was  cast  oft' and  the  band  on  board 
struck  up  "  God  save  the  Queen."  Accompanied  by  the  tug  "  Seth  Low,"  the 
excursionists  took  their  way  seaward.  Every  thing  conspired  to  make  the  day 
one  of  unalloyed  pleasure.    Awnings  and  a  cool  breeze  from  the  ocean  kept  the 


20 


THE  ANCHOR  LINE  OF  STEAMERS. 


dauccrs  from  Peeling  the  heat  of  the  sun,  and  the  agents  and  officers  in  every 
way  contributed  to  their  guests'  enjoyment.    At  Long  Branch  dinner  was  served. 

The  "California"  is  one  of  the  finest  passenger  vessels  sailing  out  of  this  port, 
and  the  object  of  the  excursion  was  to  show  the  guests  of  the  Company  what 
class  of  vessels  the  Company  intends  to  place  upon  the  line. — Ntw  York  World, 
August  15,  1872. 

The  steamship  "  California"  of  The  ANonoit  Line  took  tho  local  agents  and 
n  few  of  their  friends  about  thirty  miles  to  sea  yesterday,  and  returned  about 
7  p.  M. — New  York  Tribune,  August  15,  1872. 

Excursion  of  the  Steamship  "California." 

On  Wednesday  morning  last  the  Messrs.  Henderson  Brothers,  of  The  Anchor 
Line  of  steamers,  gave  an  excursion  to  their  agents  on  their  new  steamship 
"  California."  We  availed  ourselves  of  the  opportunity  to  go,  having  received 
an  invitation  through  Mr.  B.  W.  Reiuson,  who  is  agent  of  that  line  for  this  place. 
We  left  here  on  the  early  train  on  that  morning  for  New  York,  where  we  met 
Mr.  Rcmson,  who  had  gone  the  evening  before. 

The  "  California  "  lay  at  Pier  20  North  River,  splendidly  decorated  with  the 
flags  of  the  nations,  and  long  before  the  time  for  starting  the  guests  began  to  ar- 
rive, and  at  fifteen  minutes  after  eleven  the  huge  steamer  left  the  pier,  with  the 
band  playing,  and  a  salute  was  fired  from  the  bow  of  the  boat.  We  went  at  the 
rate  of  nine  miles  an  hour,  one  engine  only  being  in  operation,  and  proceeded 
down  the  bay  as  far  as  Long  Branch ;  she  ran  within  a  mile  of  the  shore,  an- 
other salute  was  then  fired.  We  reached  this  point  a  little  before  3  o'clock,  and 
passed  over  the  bar  at  Sandy  Hook  at  1.20  p.  M.,  which  is  the  mouth  of  the 
channel,  and  14  miles  from  the  Branch,  and  is  six  and  a  half  miles  from  the 
lightship.  At  3  o'clock  the  word  for  dinner  was  given,  and  a  general'rush  was 
made  for  the  tables,  which  were  set  in  the  steerage-cabin,  loaded  with  good 
things  for  the  inner  man. 

After  dinner  several  toasts  were  drank  and  responded  to  in  happy  style,  and 
a  general  good  time  was  had  by  all  on  board.  There  were  about  400  persons  on 
the  excursion,  many  of  whom  were  ladies.  Grafulla's  band  was  on  board,  and 
discoursed  excellent  music  during  the  day.  On  our  return  we  arrived  in  New 
York  at  7i  p.  m.  A  pilot-boat  accompanied  the  ship  on  the  entire  occasion  ;  this 
was  done  in  case  of  accident.  Among  the  notabilities  on  board,  we  noticed  Gen- 
eral Lew  Wallace,  Hon.  Erastus  Brooks,  Dr.  Vanderpoel,  of  the  Quarantine, 
Edward  Martin  and  lady,  and  others. 

The  "  California  "  is  a  splendid  specimen  of  naval  architecture,  being  strong, 
stanch,  and  Well  adapted  to  the  Transatlantic  trade.  She  has  accommodations 
for  150  first-class,  and  900  steerage  passengers.  The  Anchor  Line  possesses 
one  of  the  finest  fleets  of  steamers  in  the  world  ;  is  one  of  the  most  important 
of  the  steamship  lines,  in  point  of  numbers  of  vessels,  and  ports  sailed  from, 
and  has,  by  its  energy  and  enterprise,  merited  the  confidence  of  the  public,  until 
the  line  has  grown  from  three  steamers  to  thirty-six  magnificent  vessels. — Fish- 
kill  Daily  Gazette,  August  15,  1872. 

Sampling  a  Sea-Voyage. 

"  Build  me  swift,  O  worthy  master, 
Stanch  and  strong,  a  goodly  vessel, 
That  shall  laugh  at  all  disaster. 
And  with  wave  and  whirlwind  wrestle." 

I  had  the  good  fortune  yesterday  to  make  one  of  a  party  who  sampled  a  sea- 
voyage.  As  a  general  thing,  you  know,  such  an  experience  is  not  among  the 
privileges  vouchsafed  to  mortals.  I  believe  no  one  of  the  great  steamship  lines 
which  so  closely  connect  the  Old  with  the  New  World  indulge  in  the  practice  of 
allowing  the  public  to  go  sailing  in  their  vessels  "  for  one  day  only" — returning 
them  at  the  end  of  that  time  to  the  port  from  which  they  passed  from  gang-plank 
to  deck.  As  a  rule,  if  you  are  desirous  of  finding  out,  by  way  of  ocean-steamer, 
whether  or  not  the  ever-rolling,  dark  and  deep-blue  Atlantic  is  to  your  taste,  you 
will  have  to  experiment  upon  no  loss  than  three  thousand  miles  of  salt  salubrious 
sea.    "  Wholesale  only,"  so  to  speak. 

Hence,  those  who  yesterday  were  made  the  shining  exceptions  to  the  general 
rule,  who  wore  allowed  to  sample  a  sea  voyage  under  the  most  charming  circum- 
stances, were  quite  right  in  felicitating  themselves  and  one  another  on  the  ex- 
ceptional luck  which  was  their  portion  at  that  time.  The  luek  in  question 
crowned  some  six  hundred  ladies  and  gentlemen,  and  was  brought  about  by  the 
larged-heartedness  and  liberality  of  the  proprietors  and  managers  of  The  Anchor 
Line  of  steamers.  By  way  of  celebrating  the  dibut  of  a  new  and  magnificent 
steamer  just  added  to  their  fleot,  the  jolly  Anchorites  gave  an  excursion-party,  at 
which  the  new  candidate  for  favor,  the  "  California,"  came  out  and  exhibited  her 
many  charms.  The  party  was  made  up  of  tho  agents  of  the  line  from  all  parts 
of  the  country,  many  prominent  New-Yorkers,  and  a  number  of  representatives 
of  the  press.  By  eleven  o'clock  A.  M.  the  entire  six  hundred  were  on  board, 
whereupon  the  magnificent  steamer  glided  from  its  dock  and  took  its  way  down 
the  beautiful  bay,  to  the  sound  of  spirited  music  from  Grafulla's  famous  band. 

A  more  perfect  day  for  holding  high  holiday  could  scarcely  havp  been  secured, 
had  "  Old  Probabilities"  been  the  obedient  sluve  of  The  Anchor  Line  people. 
The  sky  was  ono  stretch  of  unclouded  blue,  while  the  fervor  of  tho  genial  sun 
was  delightfully  set  off  by  an  ever-playing  sea-breeze.    The  "  situation,"  of 


course,  compelled  the  presence  of  gayety,  and  that  intoxicating  atmosphere  gen- 
crated  by  what  is  known  as  "  the  best  of  good  feeling."  There  were  joking  and 
laughing,  and  singing  and  dancing,  and  all  went  merry  as  eight  bells— eight  mar- 
riage ones.  Francis  MacDonald,  Esq.,  of  New  York,  manager  of  The  Anchor 
Line  for  the  United  States,  a  gentlemen  as  rich  in  social  ■gifts  as  he  is  in  business 
tact  and  ability,  had  the  general  supervision  of  the  excursion,  and  I  am  sure  he 
must  have  been  entirely  satisfied  with  the  perfect  obedience  which  all  his  guests 
rendered  to  his  oft-repeated  injunction — "  Ladies  and  gentlemen,  make  your- 
selves perfectly  at  home,  and  endeavor  to  enjoy  the  occasion  to  the  utmost." 

Accompanying  the  great  steamer — much  as  a  mosquito  might  follow  in  the 
steps  of  an  ox — an  energetic  little  tug  puffed  its  way  along.  As  part  of  the  pro- 
gramme of  the  day,  this  tug  was  to  have  run  in  at  Long  Branch  and  brought  to 
the  deck  of  the  "  California  "  no  less  distinguished  a  guest  than  President  Grant. 
But,  unfortunately,  official  business  summoned  the  President  to  Washington,  so 
his  presence  could  not  be  secured  as  the  feature  of  the  occasion.  As  it  was,  the 
steamer  fired  a  salute  on  passing  Long  Branch,  to  which  General  POrler  re- 
sponded with  cannonading,  on  behalf  of  the  Chief  Magistrate  of  the  Republic. 

At  four  o'clock  dinner  was  served — a  dinner  so  superb  that,  had  the  tables 
which  held  the  great  weight  of  good  cheer  taken  to  "  groaning  "  to  express  their 
feelings,  the  sound  must  certainly  have  reached  Liverpool,  if  at  all  adequate  to 
the  requirements  of  the  occasion.  Every  delicacy  that  the  market  affords,  prepared 
by  the  ship's  cook  and  steward,  was  placed  upon  the  board,  and  the  whole  num- 
ber of  guests  were  seated  and  served  at  one  time,  at  tables  spread  betwecn-decks. 

The  eating  and  drinking  being  conscientiously  attended  to,  a  feast  of  reason 
and  flow  of  soul  followed.  The  regular  toasts  proposed  by  Mr.  MacDonald  were 
eloquently  responded  to.  General  Lew  Wallace  spoke  for  "  The  Army  and 
Navy  ;  "  Dr.  S.  Oakley  Vanderpoel  for  "  The  Port  of  New  York  ;  "  and  Hon. 
Erastus  Brooks  for  "  The  Atlantic  Cable."  I  believe  that  Dr.  Vanderpoel  still 
regards  himself  as  an  Albanian,  and  I  am  sure  that  Albanians  w  ill  be  glad  to 
read  what  he  had  to  say  for  "  The  Port  of  New  York."  He  appears  to  have  al- 
ready sucoeeded  in  winning  the  confidence  and  regard  of  all  those  with  whom  he 
is  brought  in  official  contact,  and  to  have  redeemed  the  fame  of  the  health-office. 
On  rising  to  speak,  he  was  greeted  with  hearty  applause. 

In  conclusion,  let  me  give  you  some  facts  and  figures  about  the  "  California." 
She  was  built  and  finished  at  Glasgow,  Scotland,  during  the  present  year,  by 
Alexander  Stephens  &  Sons,  and  is  an  iron  screw-steamer.  She  is  strong 
and  solid,  as  well  as  beautiful  and  symmetrical.  The  grand  saloon  extends 
across  the  vessel  from  side  to  side,  is  40  feet  in  width  and  45  feet  long,  and  is  an 
imposing  apartment,  not  equalled  by  the  saloon  of  any  foreign  steamer  coming  to 
the  port  of  New  York. 

The  main  dome  of  tho  saloon  is  entirely  novel  in  design,  beautifully  colored 
and  tinted,  and  the  tie-beams  are  boxed,  and  filled  with  choice  exotic  plants,  giv- 
ing it  the  appearance  of  an  Oriental  court.  A  fine  piano  and  well-filled  library 
add  to  the  attractions  of  this  charming  place,  which  is  well  lighted,  and  exceed- 
ingly well  ventilated.  Heavy  mirrors  on  all  sides  reflect  and  re-reflect  the  beau- 
ties and  adornments  of  this  palace  of  saloons.  There  are  eight  large  tables  in  the 
saloon,  which,  when  not  filled  with  the  150  passengers,  are  so  closed  as  to  give 
plenty  of  room.  The  table-service  is  chaste  and  massive,  and  even  in  the  ordi- 
nary table-ware  the  owners  have  shown  excellent  taste.  Electric  bell-knobs  jut 
out  at  every  convenient  place,  and  will  be  appreciated  by  both  passengers  and 
servants.  Each  state-room  contains  two  berths,  the  lower  one  being  transformed 
into  a  double  one  at  the  will  of  the  occupant  of  the  room.  The  doors  are  sliding, 
and  move  as  easily  as  can  bo  imagined,  and,  by  this  plan,  passengers  will  not  be 
annoyed  by  slamming  doors.  The  finish  of  the  state-rooms  is  equally  as  rich  as 
that  of  the  grand  saloon,  being  fitted  out  with  every  comfort  and  luxury.  Porce- 
lain wash-stand  tops  and  bowls,  swinging  mirrors,  highly-polished  brush  and 
tumbler  racks,  and  chaste  and  heavy  upholstery  on  every  hand.  We  have  not 
space  to  describe  every  part  of  the  "  California"  as  it  deserves;  let  it  suffice  to 
add  that  the  good  ship  is  good,  and  true,  and  handsome,  from  stem  to  stern.  She 
has  accommodations  for  150  first-class  and  9C0  steerage  passengers. 

As  a  last  word,  I  cannot  do  better  than  to  echo  the  sentiment  proposed  by  the 
after-dinner  speakers  :  "  Here's  to  the  '  California'  on  the  Atlantic  ;  may  her  ca- 
reer be  as  glorious  as  the  State  on  the  Pacific  whose  name  she  bears;  and  The 
Anchor  Line,  long  may  it  wave  and  continue  to  make  the  path  across  the  ocean 
a  way  of  roses  !  " — Albany  Evening  Journal,  August  16,  1872. 

Anchor  Line  Excursion. 

The  agents  of  TnE  Anchor  Line  of  Ocean  steamers  were  invited  by  the  New 
York  agents,  Messrs.  Henderson  Brothers,  to  participate  in  an  excursion  on  the 
steamship  "  California"  to  Long  Branch,  and  accordingly  last  week  they  gath- 
ered from  all  quarters  of  the  United  States,  with  other  invited  guests,  and  took 
passage  on  the  new  steamer  for  the  blue  waters  of  the  Atlantic.  A  dinner,  for 
which  ocean-steamers  are  famous,  was  served,  after  which  the  cloth  was  removed 
and  champagne  and  toasts  flowed  as  free  as  water.  Oswego  was  represented  by 
Mr.  J.  D.  Hammond,  the  popular  agent  of  the  line  in  this  city. —  Oswego  IWla- 
dium,  August  10,  1872. 

Our  Trip  to  Long  Branch. 

By  a  special  iuvitation  from  Messrs.  Henderson  Brothers,  General  Managers 
in  the  United  States  for  The  Anchor  Line  of  Steamers,  we,  in  company  with  a 


THE  ANCHOR  LIXE  OF  STEAMERS.  21 


large  number  of  the  other  local  agents  in  the  United  States  had  the  pleasure  to 
take  a  trip  from  New  York  City  to  Long  Branch  and  back  on  Wednesday  of  this 
week  iu  the  magnificent  new  steamer  "  California."  The  trip  was  a  delightful 
one,  and  highly  appreciated  by  the  large  number  of  ladies  and  gentlemen  on 
board. 

It  is  not  our  purpose  to  speak  so  much  of  our  pleasant  "  trip  "  as  it  is  to  de- 
scribe this  magnificent  steamship,  the  "  California."  .  .  .  — Ashland  Record, 
August  7,  1872. 

The  new  ocean-steamer  "California"  passed  along  the  Branch  yesterday 
afternoon  and  fired  seventeen  salutes  on  her  way.  Arriving  in  front  of  the 
President's  cottage,  she  fired  three  more  salutes,  dipped  her  colors  and  turned 
round,  taking  her  course  toward  New  York. — Sew  York  Herald,  August  1G,  1872. 

There  were  a  series  of  Anchor-Line  excursions  throughout  the  United  States 
and  Canada,  Wednesday. — St.  John  Telegraph,  August  17,  1872. 

Excursion  of  the  New  Steamer  "  California." 

On  Wednesday  morning  one  of  the  largest  and  most  novel  excursions  we  have 
ever  participated  in  left  Pier  20  N.  R.,  New  York.  By  invitation  of  Messrs. 
Henderson  Brothers,  we  went  on  board  the  new  and  magnificent  Clyde-built 
steamer  of  Tue  AxcnoR  Like,  the  "  California,"  one  of  the  largest  passenger 
steamers  sailing  between  New  York  and  Europe.  Every  spare  rope  was  gayly 
clothed  with  flags  and  streamers;  the  7th  Eegiment  band  discoursed  sweet 
music  ;  two  pipers  dressed  in  Highland  costume  sounded  their  pibrochs  to  tunes 
associated  with  the 

u  Land  of  brown  heath  and  shaggy  wood, 
Land  of  the  mountain  and  the  flood ; " 

and,  apparently  responsive  to  these  native  airs,  the  clans  bad  gathered  from  all 
parts  of  the  United  States,  and  we  found  ourselves  presently  amid  a  company 
of  750  Scotchmen,  representing  every  clan  and  shire  in  the  "land  o'  cakes."  At 
eleven  o'clock  the  noble  vessel  swung  out  into  the  stream,  and  headed  down  the 
bay,  amid  the  congratulations  of  the  numerous  shipping  in  port. 

Passing  Sandy  Hook,  we  became  aware  of  the  presence  of  representatives  of 

ou»noble  village,  and  heard  our  friend  E.  B  S  shouting  lustily  for  lccog- 

nition.  We  recognized,  and  permit  us  to  say,  when  the  "  California  "  saluted  the 
"Com.  Duryea  "  and  her  party  of  piscatorial  Passaicites,  we  felt  proud  of  Pas- 
saic thus  represented  on  the  briny  deep,  and  sainted  by  one  of  the  largest  steam- 
ers afloat,  and  had  high  imaginings  of  her  future  destiny.  The  fleeting  hours 
floated  away  on  angels'  wings,  and  between  inspection  and  commodious  arrange- 
ments for  passengers'  comfort  on  board  the  vessel,  listening  to  the  merry  music, 
viewing  the  lively  dance,  or  hearing  the  pawky  joke,  Long  Branch  was  reached 
ere  we  knew  it. 

The  dinner-bell  now  rang,  and  the  gay  party  repaired  'tween-decks,  where 
about  500  guests  sat  down  to  a  repast  of  regal  magnificence.  This  was  a  sight 
seldom  or  never  seen  on  shipboard,  and  many  were  the  jokes  "  cracked  "  about 
the  remaining  250  waiting  their  turn.  The  250  came  and  fared  like  their  prede- 
cessors, and  there  was  yet  enough  left  for  250  more.  While  all  this  feasting  was 
going  on,  the  vessel  was  quietly  on  its  way  to  New  York,  which  was  reached 
shortly  after  seven  o'clock,  and  we  arrived  at  Passaic  shortly  after  9  p.  m., 
pleased  with  a  day  well  spent,  and  impressed  with  the  enterprise  of  The  Anchor 
Line  in  thus  providing  for  the  convenience  and  luxury  of  the  thousands  of  immi- 
grants they  bring  to  our  shores,  furnishing  bone,  sinew,  muscle,  and  capital,  to 
help  our  free  and  independent  Eepublic  along  in  her  glorious  career  of  universal 
liberty,  blessing,  and  benevolence.  Fatigued  with  the  unusual  pleasures  of  the 
day,  we  were  soon  wrapped  in  the  soothing  arms  of  "  tired  Nature's  sweet  re- 
storer," and  dreamed  of  blue  rolling  billows,  ocean-breezes,  and  sunny  skies 
through  which  wheeled  in  airy  flight  the  sea-gull  and  the  stormy  petrel,  till  ex- 
hausted fancy  waned  to  deep  oblivion.— -Suffcd. — Passaic  Item,  August  17,  1872. 

Excursion. 

An  excursion  was  given  on  board  the  "  California,"  by  Messrs.  Henderson, 
proprietors  of  The  Anchor  Line  of  steamships,  to  the  American  agents  of  the 
company.  The  steamer  left  her  dock,  Pier  No.  20  N.  E.,  New  York,  at  eleven 
o'clock  a.  M.,  having  on  board  about  500  persons.  On  leaving  the  dock, 
Grafulla's  Seventh  Eegiment  Band,  which  was  on  board,  played  the  "  Star- 
spangled  Banner"  and  "God  save  the  Queen,"  and  when  in  the  bay  several 
vessels  dipped  their  flags  in  reply  to  the  salute  of  the  "  California.*'  During 
the  trip  Grafulla's  Band  performed  several  pieces,  and  Messrs.  Clelland  and  Ban- 
kin,  who  were  in  Highland  costume,  favored  the  guests  with  music  by  the  bag- 
pipes. The  "California"  steamed  down  the  bay  and  went  as  far  as  Long  Branch, 
and,  after  firing  several  guns,  returned  to  New  York.  On  the  return  voyage  the 
guests  were  invited  to  partake  of  an  excellent  dinner  which  the  company  had 
provided.  In  consequence  of  the  large  number  present,  the  second  deck  amid- 
ship  was  turned  into  a  large  dining-saloon,  and  here  the  guests  did  ample  jus- 
tice to  the  bountiful  supply  of  viands  which  loaded  the  tables.  By  7.30  p.  h., 
the  steamer  was  safely  docked,  and  the  guests  departed  for  their  homes,  well 
pleased  with  the  excursion  and  the  creditable  manner  in  which  the  programme 
was  carried  out.    Mr.  John  Williams  was  among  the  number  of  invited  guests, 


he  being  the  agent  of  the  company  iu  this  place. — Catasauqua  Dispatch,  August 
17,  1872. 

Excursion  of  the  Anchorites. 

Having  received,  through  the  kindness  of  George  Biehards  &  Co.,  an  invita- 
tion to  participate  in  an  excursion  given  by  The  Anchor  Line  of  steamers  to  their 
agents,  we,  duly  armed  and  equipped  as  the  law  directs  and  without  the  fear  oi 
sea-sickness  before  our  eyes,  took  the  first  train  on  Wednesday  morning  for  New 
York  City,  and  after  a  pleasant  and  quick  trip  landed  at  Pier  No.  20  at  9  o'clock, 
promptly.  Here  the  party  was  increased  by  the  addition  of  Dr.  J.  F.  Tuttlc  and 
Hon.  Columbus  Beach.  At  11  o'clock  the  ropes  were  east  off  and  in  a  short 
space  of  time  We  were  smoothly  gliding  out  of  the  harbor.  The  magnificent 
steamer  "  California,"  which  carried  as  upon  this  pleasant  excursion,  has  but 
recently  been  added  to  The  Anchor  Line,  and  is  one  of  the  40  well-officered, 
stoutly-built,  and  commodious  floating  palaces  which  ply  between  the  port  ot 
New  York  and  Glasgow,  Queenstown,  and  other  European  ports.  On  this  pleas- 
ure-trip nearly  700  people  were  amply  provided  for  and  hospitably  received. 
The  whole  vessel  was  thrown  open  to  our  inspection,  and  every  thing  that  one's 
appetite  could  desire  was  to  be  had  on  application.  Mr.  MaeDonald,  the  general 
agent  of  Henderson  Brothers,  was  on  board,  and,  by  his  genial  manners  and  pleas- 
ant ways,  contributed  greatly  to  the  pleasure  of  the  guests.  The  trip  was  down 
the  bay,  through  the  Narrows,  past  Forts  Lafayette  and  Hamilton,  on  to  Long 
Branch.  Irtimerous  pretty  villas  and  sea-side  resorts  were  to  be  seen  on  the 
route,  and  the  gay  bunting  which  decked  the  spars  and  masts  of  the  "Cali- 
fornia "  made  us  the  observed  of  every  passing  vessel.  At  last  the  gong  sounded, 
and  all  rushed  to  the  place  of  dining.  Here  is  a  sight  seldom  seen  on  the  ocean, 
fully  500  people  comfortably  seated  at  tables  loaded  with  every  thing  in  the 
shape  of  eatables,  and  prepared  in  every  conceivable  shape.  A  visit  to  the  same 
spot  two  hours  after  fully  convinced  your  correspondent  that  the  eaters  had 
fully  appreciated  the  feast.  The  dinner  disposed  of,  all  retired  to  the  grand 
saloon,  where  the  toasts  were  read.  General  Lew  Wallace  and  others  responded 
to  the  sentiments  proposed. 

At  Long  Branch,  in  full  view  of  the  celebrated  resort,  we  turned  about  with- 
out the  least  trouble,  and  steamed  homeward,  and  landed  at  the  clock  at  8  o'clock 
in  the  evening,  and  the  cheers  that  were  given  upon  landing  clearly  exhibited 
the  feelings  of  the  guests,  for  this  the  first  excursion  of  the  age.  We  would  like, 
if  time  and  space  would  permit,  to  give  a  full  description  of  this  transatlantic 
palace,  the  "  California,"  but  a  \iew  of  this  splendid  specimen  of  naval  architec- 
ture will  be  far  better,  so  we  can  safely  say  that  any  one  that  will  go  to  Pier  No. 
20  North  Eiver,  and  state  his  desire  to  any  of  the  courteous  and  gentlemanly  offi- 
cers of  The  Anchor  Line,  will  be  amply  repaid  for  his  trouble,  and  any  one 
contemplating  a  passage  across  the  ocean  can  be  accommodated  with  home  com- 
forts seldom  if  ever  found  upon  other  lines,  and,  with  the  many  new  conveni- 
ences and  luxuries  which  the  Henderson  Brothers  are  continually  adding  to 
their  steamers,  combined  with  the  cheapness  of  the  passage,  the  time  cannot 
be  far  distant  when  The  Anchor  Line  will  be  the  line  of  ocean  passenger- 
trade. — Duier  Iron  Era,  August  17, 1872. 

The  Jolly  Anchorites. 

THE  EXCURSION  OF  THE  AGENTS  OF  THE  ANCOOE  LINE. 

On  Board  the  Anchor  Line  i 
Steamer  "  California,"  August  14,  1S72.  | 

The  lowering  clouds  and  rain  of  yesterday  had  passed  away,  and  day  dawned 
bright  and  clear,  but  Warm,  and  the  prospect  of  leaving  the  city,  with  its  atmos- 
phere up  in  the  nineties,  was  one  to  be  envied.  At  10.50  we  embarked,  and 
found  a  host  of  people  domiciled  under  the  awnings,  awaiting  the  departure  of 
the  vessel.  At  11.15,  with  about  400  guests  on  board,  the  lines  were  cast  off, 
aud,  amid  gun-salutes  from  the  "  Trinacria,"  to  which  the  "  California"  replied 
gun  for  gun,  we  shot  out  into  the  river,  and  turned  our  head  down  the  bay. 
Salutes  by  flag-dipping  were  exchanged  with  the  "  Frolic,"  flag-ship  of  Vice- 
Admiral  S.  C.  Eowan,  commanding  at  this  station.  Two  Highland  pipers,  in 
kilts,  played  their  pipes,  and  were  succeeded  by  Grafulla's  band,  so  that  we  were 
favored  with  music  all  the  day  long.  The  trip  down  the  bay  was  full  of  interest, 
and  when  we  passed  the  Spanish  iron-clad  ram  "  Numancia,"  our  guns  again 
belched  forth  their  salute,  to  be  returned  by  the  war  monster  by  a  graceful  dip- 
ping of  colors.  When  entering  the.Narrows,  ginger-ale,  lemonade,  and  "  sun- 
thin'  else"  were  served  out,  and  a  general  popping  of  corks  in  the  saloon  remind- 
ed one  of  a  skirmish  line  of  an  army  cracking  away  at  their  foe. 

Through  the  lower  bay  and  out  to  sea,  all  hands  enjoyed  themselves  in  in- 
specting the  vessel  and  spinning  yarns,  and  straining  their  eyes  to  see  Long 
Branch.  At  a  little  past  2  o'clock  the  "  California"  arrived  off  the  Branch,  and 
saluted  the  hotels  with  a  broadside  of  guns  and  by  dipping  hercolors,  which  was 
responded  to  generally  along  the  beach.  The  bell  now  sounded  the  dinner- 
call,  and  everybody  passed  to  the  after  main  steerage  deck,  where  long  rows  of 
tables  were  spread  with  every  good  thing  the  market  afforded  and  the  caterers 
could  think  of.  The  bill  of  fare  was  nearly  as  large  as  two  pages  of  the  jVautical 
Gazette,  printed  in  gold  and  green,  and  embellished  with  an  engraving  of  the 
"California."  This  impromptu  dining-saloon  was  handsomely  decorated  with 
bunting,  flags  of  all  nations,  flowers,  and  evergreens,  and  presented  a  very  im- 
posing appearance.    Ample  justice  was  done  to  the  dinner,  after  which  the  guests 


22 


THE  ANCHOR  LINE  OF  STEAMERS. 


adjourned  to  tho  magnificent  saloon,  where  Mr.  Francis  MacDonald,  tho  Now 
York  agent  of  the  line,  read 

THE  TOASTS, 

which  were  appropriately  responded  to,  and,  in  some  instances,  with  extreme 
good  taste  and  vigor.  After  toasting  and  drinking,  all  hands  adjourned  to 
tho  promenade-deck,  to  enjoy  the  fleeting  moments  of  a  delightfully-spent 
day.  Mr.  Henderson,  son  and  nephew  of  tho  Glasgow  owners,  was  also  on 
board,  and  rendered  himself  very  useful  and  attentive  to  the  guests,  proving 
himself  a  worthy  scion  of  a  noble  house.  We  have  neither  time  nor  space  to 
dwell  upon  tlie  enjoyments  of  the  day,  but  tho  whole  affair  was  a  success,  and 
long  to  be  remembered  by  those  who  enjoyed  the  hospitality  of  The  Anchor 
Line,  whose  signal  bears  the  emblem  of  Hope,  and  whose  motto  is  "  Secure 
amidst  Perils." — Tlce  Nautical  Gazette,  August  17,  1872. 

Excursions. 

Everybody  who  can  get  away  goes  upon  excursions,  if  only  for  a  single  day, 
and  every  steamboat  which  can  carry  passengers  is  actively  engaged  in  taking 
people  to  places  where  they  can  breathe  the  country  air.  Railway-trains  arc  also 
well  filled,  and  on  Saturdays  the  crush  is  absolutely  inconvenient.  A  great 
many  persons  on  boats  and  cars  are  unable  to  obtain  seats,  and  some  of  the  un- 
fortunate ones  reach  their  destination  in  an  unhappy  state  of.  mind  and  body. 
Last  Saturday,  for  example,  the  boat  to  Long  Branch  was  so  densely  filled  that 
not  more  than  half  of  those  on  board  were  able  to  obtain  seats,  and  the  same 
was  the  case  with  a  dozen  other  boats  and  trains.  On  Sundays  the  city  is  half 
deserted  ;  it  is  estimated  that  at  noon,  last  Sunday,  at  least  three  hundred  thou- 
sand of  New  York  inhabitants  were  absent.  Most  of  them  returned  that  evening 
or  the  following  morning,  but  there  were  at  least  fifty  thousand  away  for  a  week 
or  more.  The  clubs  are  vacant,  many  private  residences  are  closed,  and  the  mer- 
chants are  transacting  very  little  business.  Day  before  yesterday  The  Anchor 
Line  of  steamers  sent  one  of  its  new  ships,  the  "  California,"  on  an  excursion 
twenty  miles  at  sea,  and  carried  half  a  thousand  or  so  of  invited  guests.  The 
breath  of  pure  air  of  the  ocean  was  greatly  enjoyed,  and  the  excursionists  were 
loud  in  their  praise  of  Mr.  Francis  MacDonald,  who  managed  the  affair — gave 
them  plenty  to  eat,  drink,  and  breathe,  and  exhibited  one  of  the  finest  passenger 
steamships  afloat. — Boston  Times,  August  18,  1872. 

From  New  York  to  Long  Branch  and  Eeturn. 

Captain  C.  F.  Glover,  a  day  or  two  since,  narrated  to  us  a  delightful  trip  which 
he  had  on  tho  14th  inst.,  on  board  the  new  steamship  "  California,"  of  The 
Anchor  Line,  the  occasion  being  an  excursion  given  by  Messrs.  Henderson 
Brothers,  of  No.  7  Bowling  Green,  New  York,  to  their  agents  in  the  United 
States  and  Canada.  The  captain  says  that,  after  breakfasting  on  board  the 
steamship  "  Trinacria,"  the  guests,  to  the  number  of  some  eight  hundred,  ad- 
journed to  the  "  California,"  and,  at  11  A.  M.,  the  gallant  ship  was  unmoored, 
towed  out  from  the  dock,  and  headed  seaward  for  Long  Branch.  Grafulla's 
Seventh  Regiment  Band  was  on  board  for  the  occasion,  and  played  the  "  Star- 
spangled  Banner,"  "  God  save  the  Queen,"  etc.  During  the  day  the  band 
played  much  excellent  music,  which  put  life  and  mettle  into  the  feet  of  the 
dancers,  who  enjoyed  themselves  under  the  shade  of  the  awnings,  and  inhaled 
the  cool  sea-breeze.  Arriving  off  Long  Branch,  a  salute  was  fired  and  ensign 
dipped,  which  was  acknowledged  on  shore  by  dipping  of  flags.  Dinner  was  then 
announced,  and,  when  the  guests  reached  the  dining-room,  they  found  the  tables 
arranged  with  all  the  taste,  and  loaded  with  all  tho  luxuries,  which  could  be 
found  in  a  first-class  hotel.  The  dinner  closed  with  wine  and  wit,  toasts  and 
Bpeeches,  from  some  able  speakers,  who  were  among  the  guests. 

Captain  Glover  says  that  the  excursion  was  a  great  success,  and  will  long 
bo  remembered  by  tho  participants,  who  feel  under  obligations  to  Messrs. 
Henderson  Brothers,  Mr.  F.  MacDonald,  their  agent,  Mr.  Lamont,  and  to  Captain 
Craig,  and  the  officors  and  crew  of  tho  "  California,"  for  their  kind  treatment  on 
the  occasion. 

At  7.30  p.  m.,  the  ship  arrived  at  her  dock  again,  after  a  pleasant  trip  up  the 
bay.  Before  the  guests  separated,  the  captain  says  that  the  guests  gave  three 
hearty  cheers  for  the  "  California." — The  vessel  is  one  of  the  finest  of  the  noble 
vessels  which  arc  owned  by  the  popular  Anchor  Line  of  Steamers. — Pottsville 
Miners'  Journal,  August  lfl,  1872. 

From  TJtica  to  New  York— An  Ocean-Steamer  Excursion. 

EDITORIAL  CORRESPONDENCE  OF  TUE  STATE  JOURNAL. 

New  York,  August  15, 1872. 
On  Monday,  the  12th,  we  bade  good-by  to  the  kind  friends  at  Utica.  The 
cars  of  the  New  York  Central  Railroad  bore  us  swiftly  away.  The  beautiful  Mo- 
hawk and  the  Erie  Canal,  with  some  of  its  thousands  of  boats,  almost  constantly 
in  sight;  through  well-tilled  farms,  smiling  with  plenty;  through  cities  whero 
great  manufacturing  establishments  showed  what  was  the  chief  element  of  their 
prosperity;  through  thriving  villages,  witli  charming  homes,  till  we  reached 
Albany.  Getting  but  a  poor  idea  of  tho  capital  of  New  York  from  the  railroad, 
wo  crossed  the  river,  without  change  of  ears,  and  were  soon  rattling  along  the 
banks  of  the  Hudson,  whoso  stream,  laden  with  commerce,  in  boats  of  every  de- 
scription ;  its  banks  showing  charming  natural  scenery,  rendered  still  more 


|  beautiful  by  wealth  and  work  of  man,  make  it  the  most  interesting  river  in 
America.  Six  o'clock  found  us  sweltered  and  tired,  but,  owing  to  recent  fra- 
grant rains,  not  dusty,  at  Tivoli.  A  tortuous  ferriage  across  to  Saugerties,  and 
two  or  three  milos  riding  through  streets,  for  the  most  part,  any  thing  but  delec- 
table in  appearance,  brought  us  to  the  pleasant  farm-house  of  Mr.  Brink,  on  the 
brink  of  tho  river,  where  friends  from  Chicago  and  Brooklyn  were  spending  tho 
summer,  with  ample  opportunities  to  fish,  bathe,  row,  sail,  or  otherwise  enjoy 
themselves,  having  charming  prospects  of  the  river  and  its  opposite  banks,  with 
the  oft-passing  trains,  and  of  the  Catskill  Mountains,  a  cordial  welcome  from 
friends,  and  the  joyous  romps  of  a  flock  of  children  made  us  happy. 

Morning  brought  disappointment.  Heat  and  over-exertion  had  prostrated 
our  better  half,  so  that  she  was  seriously  ill,  and  unablo  to  travel.  Reluctant  to 
lose  the  ocean-steamer  excursion  to  Long  Branch,  to  which  we  had  been  invited, 
I  took  a  night-boat,  the  "  New  Champion,"  just  as  a  violent  storm,  with  most 
vivid  lightning,  was  raging  below,  and,  securing  comfortable  quarters,  enjoyed  a 
good  night's  rest,  despite  the  extreme  heat,  reaching  New  York  about  6  a.  m., 
landing  at  Franklin  Street.  Going  down-town,  a  pleasant  chat  w  as  enjoyed  with 
Mr.  Melville  Eggleston,  the  bearded  young  man,  greatly  changed  from  the  pale- 
faced  lad  whom  wo  used  to  know  in  Madison,  but  cherishing  ^-till  a  warm  attach- 
ment for  the  scenes  and  friends  of  his  boyhood.  He  has  one  of  the  most  pleas- 
antly and  eligibly  looated  offices  in  the  city,  looking  out  on  the  City  Hull  Park, 
convenient  to  the  Court-House,  principal  newspaper-offices,  etc.  He  is  doing  a 
good  business,  as  he  deserves  to. 

Walking  down  Broadway  to  Fulton  Street,  near  its  foot,  I  found  Pier  No.  20, 
whence  the  steamers  of  TnE  Anchor  Line  sail,  and  soon  made  one  of  a  crowd 
pressing  up  a  gangway  decorated  with  American  and  English  flags,  to  the  deck 
of  the  "California,"  tho  newest  of  some  forty  steamships  belonging  to  The 
Anchor  Line,  to  a  Long  Branch  excursion,  on  which  some  2,000  invitations  had 
been  issued  to  agents  of  the  line,  members  of  the  press  and  friends,  in  different 
parts  of  the  country.  Somewhat  more  than  a  quarter  of  the  invitations  were  ac- 
cepted, and  gentlemen  and  ladies  were  present  from  Chicago,  St.  Louis,  Cincin- 
nati, Indianapolis,  Savannah,  and  many  points  less  remote,  the  subscriber  having, 
perhaps,  come  farther  than  any  editor  to  participate.  There  were  nearly  600 
guests  on  board,  including  representatives  of  many  nations  and  professions, 
many  ladies,  and  quite  a  number  of  children.  A  few  minutes  after  11  a.  M.,#tho 
appointed  hour,  the  signal  for  departure  was  given,  the  gangway  closed,  Gra- 
fulla's Seventh  Regiment  Band,  which  accompanied  us,  struck  up  "  God  save  tho 
Queen  "  and  the  "  Star-spangled  Banner,"  and  a  salute  was  fired  from  the  threo 
or  four  cannon  on  board  as  we  moved  out  into  tho  stream,  towed  at  the  start  by 
the  large  tug  "  Seth  Low,"  which  went  with  us  throughout  the  voyage.  The  ship 
was  gayly  decorated  with  the  English  and  American  flags,  and,  from  mast-head 
to  deck,  with  the  various  flags  and  pennants  of  Marryat's  code  of  signals,  red, 
white,  blue,  and  yellow.  The  guests  were  invited  to  make  themselves  perfectly 
at  home,  and  given  free  range  of  the  steamer  from  hold  to  upper  deck.  An  ele- 
gant breakfast  had  been  provided,  at  9  o'clock,  for  those  who  were  there  in  time, 
on  board  the  "Trinacria,"  a  companion-vessel  of  the  line,  which  sailed  for  Eu- 
rope that  day.  All  sorts  of  drinks  could  be  had  freely  for  the  asking,  and  were 
in  great  demand,  and  crackers  and  bread  were  in  reach  to  stay  the  stomachs  of 
the  hungry.  The  sail  down  the  bay  was  highly  enjoyed,  giving  splendid  views 
of  the  lower  part  of  New  York,  of  Brooklyn,  the  East  River,  and  its  shipping; 
past  Governor's  Island,  Long  Island,  Coney  Island,  Staten  Island,  with  its  many 
handsome  residences;  past  tho  many  forts  of  stone  and  earth  by  which,  with 
their  many  guns,  ranging  in  calibre  up  to  20  inches,  the  harbor  of  New  York  is 
thoroughly  defended ;  past  Quarantine  station,  where,  on  anchored  hulks  and  in 
hospitals  on  a  little  rocky  island,  passengers  arriving  from  other  ports,  with  in- 
fectious diseases,  are  isolated  and  treated,  and  where  the  Spanish  iron-clad  "Nu- 
mancia,"  with  yellow  fever  on  board,  is  now  detained;  past  Sandy  Hook,  off 
which  in-coming  vessels  take  on  pilots  from  their  jaunty  little  yachts,  of  which 
we  saw  several  ;  and  then  we  were  fairly  "  out  on  the  ocean  sailing,"  with  our 
eastward  and  southward  view  limited  only  by  the  horizon,  formed  by  tlie  wasto 
of  waters,  bearing  on  their  bosom  many  ships  whose  appearance,  near  or  remote, 
practically  illustrated  one  of  our  childhood's  geography-proofs,  that  the  world  is 
round.  Between  two  and  three  o'clock,  we  wero  off  Long  Branch,  and,  steaming 
down  in  front  of  its  famous  beach,  its  great  hotels  and  charming  cottages,  fired  a 
salute  when  off  President  Grant's,  which  was  acknowledged  by  the  dipping  of 
the  flag  on  his  house,  and,  having  had  a  sail  of  nearly  forty  miles,  with  water  no 
rougher  than  Lake  Mendota  often  is,  and,  of  course,  no  sea-sickness. 

While  off  Long  Branch,  the  passengers  were  invited  to  a  dinner  on  the  lower 
deck  amidships,  which  was  fitted  up  temporarily  for  a  dining-saloon,  as  the  cabin 
was  inadequate  to  accommodato  tho  largo  crowd  on  board.  A  superbly  got-up 
bill  of  fare,  printed  on  extra  large  letter-paper,  embraced  a  great  variety  of  meats, 
vegetables,  fruits,  and  delicacies,  with  which  the  handsomely- spread  tables  wero 
crowded,  and  from  which  tho  demands  of  appotite,  sharpened  by  a  bracing  sea- 
breeze,  could  bo  abundantly  satisfied.  It  was  a  couplo  of  hours  before  tho  wbolo 
company,  including  the  ship's  officers,  had  eaten  and  drunk  their  fill,  and  then 
a  part  of  tho  company  assembled  in  the  spacious  cabin,  and  listened  to  toasts 
and  speeches,  which  were  warmly  applauded,  and  tho  frequent  popping  of 
champagne-corks  showed  lively  drinking  by  some.  With  renowed  enjoyment 
of  the  views  afforded,  with  music  of  the  band,  to  which  there  was  gay  dancing 
on  tho  upper  deck,  tho  playing  of  tho  bagpipes  by  a  oouplo  of  fine-looking 


THE  ANCHOR  LINE  OF  STEAMERS. 


23 


Scotchmen,  clad  in  the  national  costume,  singing,  and  social  intercourse,  the 
return-voyage  was  made  pleasant,  and,  at  7  o'clock  p.  it.,  we  were  again  at  our 
pier,  the  hearty  cheers  for  all  concerned  in  arranging  the  excursion  testifying  to 
the  appreciation  of  those  who  had  participated  in  what  has  never  been  attempted 

but  once  before,  and  that  on  a  much  smaller  scale  by  another  line  

—  Wisconsin.  State  Journal,  August  20,  1872. 

The  Excursion  of  the  "  California." 

Some  of  our  citizens  were  present  on  board  the  celebrated  steamer  "  Califor- 
nia," of  The  Anchor  Line,  on  the  occasion  of  her  recent  trip  down  New  York 
Bay  on  the  14th  inst.  It  -was  a  complimentary  excursion  given  to  the  agents 
of  the  line,  of  whom  about  five  hundred  were  present  from  different  States  of 
the  Union.    This  magnificent  steamer  

Such  is  a  short  description  of  the  vessel  upon  which  a  few  of  our  townsmen 
took  a  trip  down  Mew  York  Bay  on  the  14th  inst.,  by  special  im  itation,  and  they 
describe  in  the  warmest  terms  the  pleasure  they  experienced  from  the  views  of 
the  scenery  along  the  shores  of  the  bay,  from  the  kindness  and  courtesy  of  the 
officers  of  the  vessel,  and  from  the  representatives  of  the  company  to  whom  she 
belongs. 

There  was  a  band  of  music  on  board,  and  the  ship  was  gayly  dressed  in  the 
flags  of  all  nations,  fluttering  from  every  point,  from  her  bowsprit  to  her  main- 
top ;  and  when  passing  Long  Branch,  where  the  President's  summer  cottage  is 
situated,  she  dipped  her  colors  and  fired  a  salute  of  twenty-one  guns,  which  were 
diuly  acknowledged  from  the  beach.  The  dinner  was  a  grand  affair  :  soups,  fish, 
entries,  joints  roast  and  boiled,  fowls,  salads,  vegetables,  sweets  and  fruits  of  a 
hundred  species  and  flavor;  and  champagne,  claret,  port,  sherry,  hock,  and  ma- 
deira, with  all  kiuds  of  ales,  and  spirits  for  those  who  chose  to  partake  of  them. 
A  select  series  of  toasts  were  drank  with  appropriate  music  for  each  

The  trip  lasted  from  11  a.  it.  to  7  p.  si.,  and  not  a  hitch  or  unpleasant  circum- 
stance occurred  to  mar  the  pleasure  of  the  excursion.  The  14th  of  August,  1872, 
will  be  a  red-letter  day  in  the  memory  of  those  who  were  on  board  the  "  Cali- 
fornia" on  her  trip  down  New  York  Bay. — Xorristown  (JVi  J.)  Register,  August 
20,  1872. 

Media,  August  1",  1ST2. 

Messrs.  Editors  :  I  purpose  to  give  your  readers  a  brief  description  of  an 
excursion  given  by  The  Anchor  Line  agents,  New  York,  on  August  14th.  C. 
D.  M.  Broomhall,  Esq.,  and  myself,  having  received  invitations  to  accompany 
the  excursionists,  left  Philadelphia  on  the  12.30  p.  m.  train,  August  13th,  passiug 
over  Pennsylvania  United  Railroads  of  New  Jersey  Division,  under  charge  of 
A.  J.  Cassett,  Esq.,  General  Manager,  F.  Woolcott  Jackson,  Esq.,  General 
Superintendent,  and  J).  M.  Boyd,  Jr.,  Esq.,  General  Passenger  Agent.  This 
division,  formerly  comprising  what  was  once  celebrated  as  the  Camden  <fe  Am- 
boy,  is  now  better  and  more  safely  managed  than  ever  before,  with  every  facility 
afforded  the  traveller,  comfortable  cars,  sure  time-table,  and  every  item  com- 
plete. Between  the  present  and  the  old  regime  there  is  a  marked  difference, 
and  even  the  people  of  New  Jersey,  at  first  so  opposed  to  the  change,  now  accept 
and  indorse  the  situation. 

The  Anchor  Line  of  Steam-packet  Ships  was  established  by  Messrs.  Handy- 
side  &  Henderson,  at  Glasgow,  in  the  year  1856,  the  steamers  then  sailing  from 
Glasgow  to  Quebec  and  the  Mediterranean  ports.  It  was  not  until  1S65  that  a 
regular  line  of  three  steamers  was  established  between  New  York  and  Glasgow, 
making  fortnightly  sailing  from  each  port.  The  line  now  comprises  a  fleet  of  39 
full-powered,  iron  screw-steamers,  engaged  as  follows :  Transatlantic,  Mediter- 
ranean, Peninsular,  Indian,  North  Sea,  and  coasting  service. 

The  excursion  above  referred  to,  in  which  your  correspondent  participated, 
was  on  the  monster  steamer  "  California."  The  first  impression  made  of  her  is 
her  well-proportioned  dimensions — in  fact,  a  sense  of  strength  and  solidity  greets 
you,  and  with  this  combined  a  beauty  and  symmetry  of  finish  which  is  charm- 
ing to  behold.  Upon  the  spar-deck  is  the  smoking-saloon  (in  which  your  cor- 
respondent enjoyed  himself  over  a  fine  Havana),  fitted  up  luxuriously,  painted  in 
a  tint  of  sea-green,  and  silver-plated  chandeliers  drop  from  the  ceiling.  The  en- 
trance to  the  grand  saloon  is  magnificent,  and  has  no  equal  in  any  of  the  trans- 
atlantic lines.  The  saloon  is  delightfully  attractive,  and  is  finished  in  polished  teak, 
relieved  with  rich  white-wood  mouldings  and  trimmings.  The  effect  is  beyond 
description.  The  state-rooms  are  large,  each  having  its  electric  bell.  The  ladies' 
boudoir  is  a  perfect  gem  of  a  place,  decorated  in  sea-green  tints,  dotted  and 
striped  in  gold,  with  delicate  little  birds  perched  on  the  centre  of  each  broad 
panel.  The  second  cabin  is  neat,  with  large  varnished  state-rooms.  She  has 
accommodations  for  150  first-class  and  900  steerage  passengers. 

We  left  pier  No.  20,  North  Eiver,  at  11  A.  M.,  with  400  invited  guests  aboard. 
Our  destination  was  Long  Branch.  On  our  way  down  we  passed  Governor's, 
Bedloe's,  and  Staten  Islands,  Sandy  Hook,  and  other  prominent  points.  We 
arrived  opposite  Long  Branch  at  3  p.  m.  .  at  which  time  we  partook  of  dinner.  I 
shall  not  endeavor  to  describe  the  bill  of  fare ;  10G  items  comprised  the  list.  A 
band  of  music  accompanied  the  excursion ;  also  two  Scotch  Highlanders,  dressed 
in  their  native  costume,  who  discoursed  rare  music  on  their  far-famed  instru- 
ment, the  bagpipe.  We  arrived  at  New  York  at  7  p.  m.  Before  leaving  the 
ship,  repeated  cheers  were  given  to  Henderson  Brothers,  MacDonald,  the  offi- 
cers, the  sailors,  and  to  every  one  engaged  on  the  ship.    We  met  our  friends 


Samuel  Carpenter,  Esq.,  of  New  York,  and  Henry  Zook,  Esq  ,  of  Chester,  and 

others  on  board  

In  conclusion,  let  me  say  that  the  14th  of  August,  1872,  will  not  soon  be  for- 
gotten by  those  who  accompanied  the  excursion,  and  we  trust  that  through  sun- 
shine and  storm  The  Anchor  Line  of  Steamers  may  pass  safely  over  tho 
mighty  ocean,  and  that  they  continue  to  prosper  in  their  business  in  the  fu- 
ture as  they  have  done  in  the  past.  Yours,  truly,  J.  G.  C. 
— Delaware  County  American,  August  21,  1872. 

A  Jolly  Party  and  a  Pleasant  Sail. ' 

On  Tuesday  of  last  week  the  ow  ners  of  The  Anchor  Line  of  steamers,  ply- 
ing between  the  Old  and  New  World,  gave  an  excursion  to  their  numerous  agents 
throughout  the  United  States,  on  board  of  their  new  and  splendid  steamship 
"California."  Mr.  Thomas  Bell,  agent  of  the  line  f*r  this  village,  and  Mr. 
Adams,  also  of  this  village,  accompanied  by  ladies,  were  among  the  excursion- 
ists. The  steamer  proceeded  a  short  distance  to  sea,  and  returned  to  her  dock 
in  New  York  City  in  the  evening,  everybody  on  board  being  highly  delighted 
with  the  performance  of  the  noble  ship,  and  the  attentions  which  they  had  re- 
ceived from  her  officers  on  the  occasion.— Sing  Sing  (JK  Y.)  Democratic  Register, 
August  21,  1872. 

The  Anchor  Line  Excursion. 

Excursions  are  the  order  of  the  day.  The  one  lately  given  by  TnE  Anchor 
Line  Steamship  Company  to  their  agents  and  friends  is  described,  by  one  who 
participated  in  the  event,  as  being  a  splendid  affair.  The  Company  appropriated 
the  use  of  their  magnificent  new  steamer  "  California,"  for  the  entertainment, 
and  in  her  holiday  dress  proceeded  down  New  York  Bay  and  along  the  New 
Jersey  coast,  as  far  as  Long  Branch;  here  a  national  salute  was  fired  as  they 
passed  the  summer  residence  of  the  President,  which  was  replied  to  from  the 
shore.  Every  thing  which  could  administer  to  the  comfort  and  gratification  of 
the  guests  was  bounteously  supplied;  the  tables  were  loaded  with  every  luxury 
which  the  season  affords ;  then  came  the  wines,  toasts,  and  speeches.  The  Sev- 
enth Eegiment  band  accompanied  the  excursionists,  and  delighted  the  party  with 
some  superb  music.  The  "California"  returned  at  7  to  her  pier  in  the  North 
Kiver,  without  any  accident  to  mar  the  pleasures  of  the  trip.  The  Anchor  Line 
possesses  one  of  the  finest  fleets  of  steamers  in  the  world ;  is  one  of  the  most 
important  of  the  steamship  lines  in  point  of  number  of  vessels  and  ports  sailed 
from  ;  and  has,  by  its  energy  and  enterprise,  merited  the  confidence  of  the  public, 
until  the  line  of  three  steamers  in  1803  has  grown  to  thirty-six  magnificent 
vessels  in  1872.— Portchester  (N.  Y.)  Journal,  August  22,  1872. 

Mr.  E.  Hopkins,  of  this  village,  was  among  the  invited  guests  of  The  An- 
chor Line  of  ocean-steamers,  to  the  agents'  excursion  on  the  new  steamer  "  Cali- 
fornia," last  week. — Lyons  (J\T.  Y.)  Republican,  August  22,  1872. 

A  Steamship  Excursion. 

TnE  Anchor  Line  of  steamships,  plying  between  New  York  and  London- 
derry and  Glasgow,  gave  an  excursion  to  their  agents  on  Wednesday  last,  in  the 
steamship  "  California."  About  400  ladies  and  gentlemen  were  on  board,  and 
the  day's  sail,  which  extended  outside  as  far  as  Long  Branch,  was  enjoyed  to 
the  utmost.  The  agents  of  this  line  can  have  no  hesitation  in  recommending  the 
ships  of  this  Company,  if  they  are  all  as  well  arranged  and  as  comfortable  as  the 
"  California."  We  are  informed  that  there  are  four  first-class  steamers,  of  4,500 
tons  each,  now  being  built  for  this  Company.  Mr.  A.  C.  Mott,  assistant  post- 
master, is  the  agent  for  Yonkers. — Tankers  (A".  Y.)  Statesman,  August  22,  1872. 

Anchor  Line  Excursion. 

The  proprietors  of  Tue  Ancuor  Line  of  steamers,  Messrs.  Henderson  Broth- 
ers, last  week  invited  a  large  party  of  guests  to  make  an  excursion  out  to  sea  on 
their  new  and  elegant  steamship  "  California."  The  party  left  the  city  at  11 
o'clock  on  Wednesday,  steamed  down  the  bay,  went  out  to  take  a  look  upon  old 
Ocean,  came  toward  the  laud  at  Long  Branch,  and  returned  to  the  city  about  8 
o'clock  in  the  evening.  The  day  was  very  fine,  the  entertainment  was  superb, 
including  every  delicacy  of  the  market  and  season.  Music  added  its  charms, 
and  altogether  the  occasion  passed  off  admirably.  In  the  course  of  the  day  op- 
portunity was  afforded  for  speeches,  which  added  much  to  the  interest  of  tho 
excursion. 

The  "  California"  is  a  new  ship,  of  more  than  3,000  tons,  361  feet  in  length, 
and  is  elegantly  fitted  in  every  respect,  with  all  modern  conveniences,  and  an  . 
attention  to  detail  in  the  furnishing  which  is  seldom  found  in  the  sea-going 
steamers.  Her  consort,  the  "  Victoria,"  one  of  a  fleet  of  six  new  steamers  now 
nearly  completed,  will  be  here  in  a  few  weeks.  The  Anchor  Line  now  com- 
prises a  very  extensive  fleet,  which  is  carrying  on  an  immense  transportation  of 
passengers  and  goods  across  the  ocean  and  in  other  waters. — 2few  York  Observer, 
August  22,  1872. 

A  Pleasant  Excursion. 

The  new  Anchor  Line  steamer  "  California"  took  a  large  party  of  agents 
and  friends  of  the  line  down  the  bay,  and  as  far  as  opposite  Long  Branch,  on 


24 


THE  ANCHOR  LINE  OF  STEAMERS. 


Wednesday  of  last  week.  The  ride  upon  a  great  steamship,  moving  light  and 
high  out  of  water,  was  a  novelty  in  itself,  and  the  beautiful  weather  and  pleasant 
Company,  and  a  great  abundanee  of  the  good  things  of  this  life,  added  much  to 
its  enjoyment.  Bands  of  music  also  contributed  to  the  harmonies  of  the  occa- 
sion. The  genial  and  energetic  chief  of  the  line  on  this  side,  Mr.  MacDonald,  was 
on  board,  also  tho  British  consul,  General  Wallace,  Judge  Longyear,  of  Detroit, 
president  Tuttle,  of  Wabash,  and  we  know  not  how  many  other  persons  of  note, 
including  a  large  representation  from  the  press.  The  Anchorites  are  pioneers, 
so  far  as  we  now  recoiled,  in  steamship  excursions  down  the  bay. — New  York 
Evangelist^  August  22,  1872. 

That  Excursion! 

The  magnificent  new  steamer  "  California,"  recently  added  to  The  Anchor 
Line,  between  New  Yflrk,  Glasgow,  and  other  European  ports,  and  of  which 
Henderson  Brothers  are  proprietors,  made  a  pleasant  trip  to  Long  Branch  and 
return  on  Wednesday,  carrying  about  700  passengers,  who  were  delighted  with 
the  trip.  Mr.  MacDonald,  the  general  agent,  was  on  board,  and  personally  looked 
after  the  comfort  and  enjoyment  of  the  guests  and  passengers  

The  grand  saloon  is  finished  on  a  scale  of  magnificence  which  is  carried  out 
in  every  part  of  the  floating  palace,  making  a  voyage  on  her  safe,  comfortable, 
and  enjoyable  alike.  The  "California"  will  take  rank  among  the  cosiest  and 
safest  steamers  in  the  trade.  Quite  a  number  of  Schuylkill  County  gentlemen, 
agents  of  The  Anchor  Line,  accompanied  the  excursion.  Mr.  Boner,  of  Ash- 
land, and  Messrs.  B.  A.  Glover,  Jonathan  Ellis,  John  S.  Boyer,  and  Joseph 
Powell,  of  Shenandoah,  were  among  the  number.  All  expressed  themselves 
highly  pleased  with  the  trip  and  their  treatment  while  on  board.  The  excur- 
sionists, while  at  Long  Branch,  tendered  their  respects  to  President  Grant. — 
Shenandoah  (Fa.)  Herald,  August  22,  1872. 

Jottings  from  New  York— Anchor  Line  of  Ocean  Steamships-Excursion  to 

Long  Branch. 

[Special  to  the  Pantograph.] 

New  Toee,  August  15, 1S72. 
Your  correspondent,  as  representative  of  the  _  Pantograph,  received,  a  few 
days  ago,  a  card  from  the  Messrs.  Henderson,  proprietors  of  The  Anchor  Line 
of  ocean-steamships,  requesting  his  company  on  an  excursion  to  Long  Branch. 
The  card  stated  that  the  excursion  was  to  be  given  to  the  American  agents  of 
the  Messrs.  Henderson,  on  Wednesday,  14th  of  August,  on  board  their  new 
iron  screw-steamer,  "  California."  He  at  once  replied  to  them,  accepting  the 
invitation.  Accordingly,  on  yesterday  morning,  a  few  minutes  before  the  ap- 
pointed hour,  your  correspondent  might  have  been  seen  sauntering  along  the 
spar  deck  of  the  "  California,"  as  she  lay  at  the  Company's  pier,  foot  of  Dey 
street.  Nor  was  he  alone.  Being  ever  of  opinion  that  enjoyments  are  height- 
ened when  partaken  of  in  the  company  of  ladies,  he  had  extended  an  invitation 
to  two  lady  friends  to  accompany  him.  Both  very  graciously  accepted  hi3  invi- 
tation, and  therefore  was  it  that  he  sauntered  the  great  deck  of  the  "  Califor- 
nia" not  alone. 

His  ladies  aiding  him,  your  correspondent  found  out  the  following  facts  con- 
cerning The  Anchor  Line  Company,. and  the  steamship  "  California"  :  

The  firm  of  Handyside  &  Henderson,  of  Glasgow,  have  risen  to  high  dis- 
tinction as  the  owners  of  The  Anchor  Line.  Their  fleet  now  numbers  forty- 
six  vessels,  valued  at  fifteen  millions  of  dollars.  They  course  over  all  waters  and 
touch  all  ports.  The  Glasgow  and  New  York  line  numbers  seven  steamers,  worth 
three  miliion  and  a  half.  The  "  California,"  the  good  steamer  which  gave  us 
pleasure  on  the  excursion,  is  the  latest  addition  to  this  line.  She  was  completed 
the  15th  of  July  last,  at  Glasgow,  and  is  therefore  but  one  month  old  to-day.  She 
is  certainly  of  great  size,  considering  her  extreme  youth.  She  cost  near  a  million 
of  dollars,  and  is  three  hundred  and  seventy-five  feet  long,  by  seventy-four  wide. 
Any  village  in  the  land  containing  eleven  hundred  people  may  be  most  comfort- 
ably accommodated  on  this  steamer,  enjoying  luxuries  and  delights  they  have 
never  found  within  their  quiet  boroughs.  So  successful  were  the  ladies  in  secur- 
ing information  regarding  this  palatial  steamer,  that,  if  my  time  and  your  space 
would  permit,  I  could  write  you  a  complete  and  precise  description  of  her.  But 
I  shall  be  content  that  I  possess  the  knowledge,  and  through  such  a  source,  and 
shall  confine  the  rest  of  my  letter  to  the  excursion. 

The  "  California,"  as  she  lay  at  her  pier,  on  that  bright  morning,  the  14th 
of  August,  looked  very  beautiful.  Miniature  flags,  of  every  nation  under  tho 
sun,  were  strung  all  over  her  ropes,  from  the  top  of  the  main  spar  to  the  yards  ; 
•  and  from  tho  stern,  up  over  the  masts,  down  again  to  the  stern.  Her  decks 
were  thronged  with  people.  The  press  was  well  represented,  not  only  in  point 
of  numbers,  but  (strange  exception),  in  point  of  good  looks,  style  in  manners 
and  clothes  (betwixt  which  there  exists  a  close  intimacy),  and,  I  may  say,  in  all 
things  worthy  of  emulation.  The  ladies  were  (leastways  I  thought  so)  spe- 
cially interested  in  the  officers  of  the  steamer.  These  gentlemanly  fellows  were 
evidently  dressed  in  their  best  "  bib  and  tucker."  They  wore  a  uniform  of  blue, 
with  gold  trimmings,  and  what  with  large,  fine  forms  and  handsome  faces,  they 
were  really  very  attractive  men.  The  officers  and  crew  were  all  natives  of  Scot- 
land, and  a  finer-looking  crew  one  seldom  chances  to  see  on  any  ship.  To  add 
vet  more  life  to  the  excursion,  Grafiilla's  Seventh  Regiment  Band  had  been  en- 


gaged, and  were  now  stationed  near  the  grand  staircase,  discoursing  the  sweet- 
est of  music. 

At  11  o'clock  the  "  California"  was  loosed  from  her  mooring,  and,  amid  in- 
spiring music,  and  repeated  cannon-salutes,  to  which  she  replied,  she  steamed 
out  into  the  bay.  As  she  moved  on,  several  vessels  dipped  their  flags  in  reply 
to  the  salute  of  the  "  California." 

The  morning  was  just  such  a  one  as  your  correspondent  would  have  manu- 
factured for  the  occasion.  There  was  just  enough  of  sun,  of  air,  of  heat.  He 
was  certainly  in  a  very  jolly  mood,  and  when  he  recalls  that  his  companions 
were  interesting  (I  use  so  cold  a  term,  lest  they  may  read  this)  ladies,  that  he 
was  aboard  the  "  Eureka  of  Transatlantic  steamers,"  that  his  ears  were  being 
filled  with  music  from  one  of  the  most  celebrated  of  bands,  your  correspondent  is 
not  surprised  that  even  he  should  be  jolly.  We  had  not  passed  the  forts  when 
dancing  was  inaugurated,  and  the  spar-deck  converted  into  a  ballroom.  After 
amusing  ourselves  by  observing  the  odd  people  and  odder  ways  of  the  dancing 
crowd,  your  correspondent  gallantly  led  one  of  his  ladies  through  a  portion  of 
a  gentle  waltz.  Then  she  grew  weary,  then  it  was  his  pleasure  to  complete  the 
waltz  with  his  other  friend,  and  on  this  wise  did  he  conduct  himself,  when  danc- 
ing, during  the  whole  excursion.  Your  correspondent  does  not  remember  that 
he  was  ever  so  highly  favored,  it  having  been  his  lot,  in  the  past,  to  find  engage- 
ment-cards at  dancing-parties  very  well  taken  up.  Our  vessel  was  now  riding 
some  heavy  waves,  but  she  held  herself  steady  and  true  to  her  course.  I  im- 
agine she  would  be  a  charming  sea-goer.  We  were  called  to  a  most  bountiful 
dinner  at  three  o'clock.  The  tables  were  spread  in  the  second  deck  amidships. 
"  They  were  too  beautiful  to  spoil,"  one  of  the  ladies  said,  but,  however  feebly 
I  agreed  with  her  in  artistic  taste,  yet  I  felt  myself  possessed  of  a  stronger  taste 
that  would  and  did  enjoy  nothing  so  much  as  the  destroying  of  all  this  beauty. 

The  "California"  steamed  down  the  bay  to  Long  Branch,  where  she  fired 
several  salutes.  There  being  no  pier  at  the  Branch  she  could  not  land,  but, 
turning  about,  she  returned  to  New  York. 

After  dinner  a  banquet  and  toast  festal  was  given.  Of  course  much  cham- 
pagne, long  imprisoned,  was  set  free,  and  a  merry  crowd  of  toasters  was  the  re- 
sult. The  ladies  were  disgusted  with  these  proceedings,  but  your  correspondent 
was  of  different  mind.  He  is  so  humane  that  he  would  be  glad  if  all  imprisoned 
spirits  might  be  let  loose  in  his  presence.  As  we  neared  the  Anchor  dock,  a 
merrier  crowd  never  trod  a  deck.  Two  gay  Scotchmen,  in  full  Highland  cos- 
tume, favored  the  guests  with  music  from  their  bagpipes,  to  whose  dulcet 
strains  many  sons  of  the  land  of  Boy  flung  the  Highland  fling  with  merry  zest. 
Before  leaving  the  ship,  the  party,  numbering  some  600,  gave  three  hearty  cheers 
for  The  Anchor  Line. 

The  whole  affair  was  most  creditable,  and  the  day  shall  ever  remain  in  my 
memory  as  a  redeemer  of  many  that  shall  be  unpleasant. — Bacon. — Sloomington 
(III.)  Pantograph,  August  22,  1872. 

The  Anchor  Steamship  Line— A  Grand  Excursion. 

Some  two  weeks  ago  the  agents  of  this  line  in  New  York  issued  invitations 
to  their  agents  in  all  parts  of  the  United  States  to  assemble  in  New  York  on  the 
14th  inst.,  to  examine  their  new  steamship  "  California"  and  make  an  excursion 
on  her  down  the  bay  as  far  as  Long  Branch  and  return.  And  the  invitation  was 
subsequently  issued  to  take  breakfast  on  the  "  Trinacria,"  another  of  their  steam- 
ers. Of  course  such  a  tempting  offer  for  a  day's  enjoyment  could  not  be  resisted, 
and  when  the  time  arrived  no  less  than  560  invited  guests  (ourself  and  ladies  in- 
cluded) assembled  on  the  North  River  pier  No.  20,  from  which  this  most  excel- 
lent steamship  company  send  forth  their  steamers  twice  a  week,  to  plough  tho 
ocean  wave,  and  land  their  hundreds  and  thousands  of  passengers  on  the  other 
side  of  the  great  deep. 

At  9  o'clock  precisely  the  planks  were  thrown  out,  and  all  went  aboard  the 
"  Trinacria"  to  examine  the  steamer  and  partake  of  a  bountiful  breakfast. 

This  part  of  the  programme  ended,  the  guests  were  next  invited  on  board  the 
"  California,"  lying  on  the  other  side  of  the  pier,  which  for  this  special  occasion 
was  gayly  decked  out  with  the  flags  of  all  nations,  while  every  officer  and  sailor 
looked  as  though  just  out  of  a  bandbox. 

Soon  we  were  steaming  down  the  bay,  away  from  the  huge  city.  Now  along- 
side and  then  past  the  forts,  now  within  sight  and  then  by  the  Highlands,  on 
and  still  on  until  we  reached  a  point  opposite  Long  Branch.  About  this  time 
dinner  was  announced,  and,  as  the  sea  breeze  had  given  every  one  a  good  appe- 
tite, there  was  no  delay  in  reaching  the  tables,  nor  did  any  seem  backward  in 
partaking  of  the  tempting  feast  set  before  them. 

After  dinner  all  retired  to  the  cabins,  where  somo  time  was  spent  in  offering 
toasts,  making  speeches,  singing  songs,  etc.  That  the  respondents  spoke  well  of 
the  steamship  line  of  which  they  were  the  guests,  is  not  to  bo  wondered  at;  for 
certainly  a  safer,  better,  or  more  accommodating  line,  is  not  to  be  found  on  either 
side  of  the  Atlantic. 

The  pleasure  of  the  excursionists  was  greatly  enhanced  by  tho  unremitting 
attentions  of  Mr.  Bridgewater,  the  corresponding  secretary  of  the  company, 
Captain  Lucas,  Captain  Craig,  Mr.  Lament,  and  other  officers  and  employes  of 
tho  company.  The  Seventh  Regiment  Baud  discoursed  most  excellent  music 
throughout  the  day,  while  two  Scottish  bagpipes  filled  up  the  interim  with  musio 
specially  adapted  to  those  who  desired  to  "  trip  the  light  fantastio  toe." 


THE  ANCHOR  LINE  OE  STEAM E 'RS. 


25 


At  8  P.  M.  the  excursionists  wero  landed  on  the  pier  from  which  they  started, 
all  agreeing  in  the  opinion  that  the  steamship  "  California"  is  one  of  the  finest 
that  floats  ;  its  officers  among  the  most  gentlemanly  and  obliging;  and  the  com- 
pany itself  deserving  of  renewed  zeal  upon  the  part  of  its  agents,  among  whom 
we  arc  glad  to  be  counted — L.  K.  F. — Trenton,  {N.  J.)  State  Sentinel,  August 
23,  1872. 

New  York  —  How  they  put  on  Style  in  the  Eastern  Metropolis  —  The  Jolly 
Anchorites  off  Long  Branch— Excursion  hy  the  Agents  of  the  Anchor  Line. 

[from  our  own  correspondent.] 

New  York,  August  15,  1872. 

Formerly  a  trip  to  Europe  was  looked  upon,  even  in  New  York,  as  a  great 
event.  It  was  something  beyond  the  means  of  ordinary  people,  but  for  the  last 
ten  years  the  addition  of  line  after  line  of  steamships  between  New  York  and 
European  ports  has  increased  the  facilities  for  crossing  the  ocean,  so  that,  on  an 
average,  two  steamships  a  day  leave  New  York  for  Liverpool  alone. 

The  Cunard  line,  for  many  years,  bore  the  palm,  but  still  maintain  compara- 
tively high  rates  of  passage.  The  Inman  line,  now  carrying  the  Royal  Mail,  the 
White  Star  and  the  National  lines,  rate  next  in  rates  of  passage.  The  Anciioe 
Line,  with  equal  accomodation,  is  carrying  passengers  at  cheaper  rates.  For 
about  $200,  greenbacks,  a  European  trip  can  be  made,  allowing  the  visitor  to  see 
London,  Paris,  and  Rome.  The  distinction  in  price  is  on  account  of  its  being 
considered  a  little  more  in  style  to  travel  by  the  high-priced  lines.  If  any  mean- 
ing to  that  expression  exists,  it  must  be  to  pay  four  times  the  value  of  what  you 
receive  for  the  pleasure  of  making  the  world  believe  you  are  wealthy. 

THE  ANCHOR  LINE 

has  found  that  the  adoption  of  low  rates  has  been  very  profitable  to  the  com- 
pany. Organized  in  embryo,  some  forty  years  ago,  it  has  rapidly  developed  into 
one  of  the  most  prominent  and  well-known  lines  of  ocean-steamers  in  the  world. 
Its  connections  embrace  every  portion  of  the  globe,  and,  through  the  efforts  of  its 
agents,  has  been  so  successful. that  the  firm  now  owns  over  forty  steamships. 

The  newest  of  the  line,  the  "California,"  came  into  port  a  few  days  ago. 
The  occasion  of  her  arrival  was  looked  upon  by  Francis  MacDonald,  Esq.,  the 
resident  agent  in  New  York,  and  one  of  the  proprietors  of  the  line,  to  let  the 
public  see  what  the  Anchorites  were  doing,  and  to  show,  in  a  practical  manner, 
to  local  ag  *nts,  how  their  endeavors  on  behalf  of  the  line  were  appreciated. 

AN  EXCURSION  TO  LONG  BRANCH 

was  decided  upon.  Invitations  were  sent  from  New  York  to  California,  and  from 
Maine  to  New  Orleans.  The  efforts  of  Mr.  MacDonald  were  ably  seconded  by 
James  Warraek,  Esq.,  of  your  city,  British  vice-consul,  and  Western  manager, 
and  every  thing  arranged  to  make  the  excursion  worthy  alike  of  the  line,  its 
owners,  its  agents,  and  its  numerous  friends. 

The  time  was  fixed  for  yesterday,  the  14th  of  August.  Invitations  were  is- 
sued for  a  large  number  of  guests,  and  over  seven  hundred  assembled  in  response 
to  the  call. 

An  elegant  breakfast  was  served  at  9  A.  M.,  on  board  the  "  Trinacria,"  and 
then,  amid  a  large  crowd  of  spectators,  and  the  sound  of  festive  music,  the  guests 
adjourned  to  the  "  California." 

The  boat  was  in  full  dress — that  is,  she  had  all  her  bunting  displayed  from 
her  spars.  At  the  peak  floated  the  red  flag  of  Great  Britain.  On  the  fore,  main, 
and  mizzen  truck  floated  the  stars  and  stripes.  Other  nations  were  represented  in 
the  bunting,  which,  with  many  flags,  pennants,  etc.,  belonging  to  the  signal-book 
of  an  ocean-steamer,  served  to  make  the  ship  look  as  if  tied  up  in  ribbons.  Graful- 
la's  celebrated  Seventh  Kegimcnt  band  had  been  engaged  for  the  occasion.  When 
the  signal-gun  announced  that  the  hour  of  departure  was  at  hand,  while  the  lines 
were  being  cast  olf,  the  band  struck  up  "  God  save  the  Queen,"  immediately  fol- 
lowed by  "  The  Star-spangled  Banner."  A  steam-tug  towed  the  steamer  out  of 
the  slip  and  pulled  her  bow  toward  the  bay,  when  she  steamed  on. 

DOWN  THE  DAT. 

Those  who  have  ever  taken  a  trip  down  New  York  Bay  need  no  pen-descrip- 
tion of  its  peculiar  beauty,  or  beauties,  for  they  are  many  and  of  every  variety, 
combining  the  rural  and  metropolitan.  The  foliage  and  landscape  background 
brings  out  to  more  enchanting  view  the  life  on  the  water,  in  the  shape  of  craft 
moving  under  sail  and  under  steam,  and,  on  this  occasion,  whistles  tooting  out 
signals,  suggests  to  Chicago  guests  the  idea  of  a  run  for  the  drawbridge.  Nearly 
all  the  passing  steamers  acknowledged  the  courtesies  of  the  occasion.  Govern- 
or's Island  was  soon  passed.  To  the  "  starboard  "  a  little  steamboat  was  enter- 
ing the  "  kills  "  on  her  morning  trip  to  Newark.  Soon  the  steamer  entered  the 
Narrows,  flanked  on  the  "  starboard  "  by  the  lofty  bluffs  of  Staten  Island,  on 
the  "port"  by  the  beautiful  line  of  residences  known  as  Bay  Ridge,  terminat- 
ing at  the  frowning  walls  of  Fort  Hamilton.  Out  a  little  in  the  bay  the  walls  of 
Fort  Lafayette  bristle  up  in  all  their  suggestive  gloom.  Then  comes  the  quaran- 
tine, where  the  Spanish  iron-clad  lies  at  anchor,  surrounded  by  numerous  other 
unfortunate  craft  of  less  notoriety,  all  within  hail  of  the  huge  hulk,  with  the 
sickly-looking  hospital-flag  flying  from  a  jackstaff  at  her  stern,  and  lines  of  dry- 
ing clothing  strung  along  her  stripped  spars.  This  is  not  a  pleasant  sight,  nor 
are  its  suggestions  particularly  desirable  when  one  is  about  to  go  out  upon 
4 


THE  OCEAN, 

which  now  lies  in  full  view  over  the  steamer's  bows.  Sandy  Hook  is  soon 
reached.  The  captain  and  officers  are  vigilant  that  nothing  shall  go  wrong.  The 
ship,  obedient  to  her  helm,  keeps  the  channel  in  going  over  the  bar.  Soon  sho 
is  only  in  blue  water.  Beyond  the  usual  ground-swell  that  is  always  perceptible 
on  the  Atlantic  coast,  the  sea  is  as  smooth  as  the  bay,  consequently  nothing 
occurs,  as  sometimes  does  on  similar  excursions,  to  detract  from  the  full  enjoy- 
ment by  all  of  the  pleasure  of  the  occasion.  There  is  an  hilarity  without  noise. 
During  the  run  down  the  coast,  opposite  the  Highlands  of  Neversink,  spelled 
"  Navcsiuk,"  an  opportunity  is  given  to  examine  the  steamer. 

As  the  excursion-party  drew  near  to  Long  Branch,  the  sound  of  cheers  came 
over  the  smooth  surface  of  the  ocean.  As  the  Presidential  mansion  was  passed, 
the  "  California"  dipped  her  ensign,  which  was  acknowledged  promptly.  While 
steaming  around  off  Long  Branch,  displaying  her  beautiful  model  to  thousands 
of  spectators  on  shore,  showing  the  case  witli  which  she  was  steered  by  her 
patent  steam  apparatus,  eight  bells  struck.    The  guests  were  then  invited  to 

A  SPLENDID  DINNER. 

The  bill  of  fare  was  printed  on  fine  tinted,  enamelled  paper.  On  the  outside, 
or  first  page,  was  a  beautiful  likeness  of  the  "  California."  The  many  delicacies 
clu  cuisine  were  printed  in  emerald  green  and  gold  letters.  No  bill  of  fare  at  the 
Astor  or  the  Sherman  ever  excelled  this.  About  two  hours  passed  before  the 
guests  and  officers  of  the  ship  were  all  served.  The  crew  and  boys  were  all  re- 
membered. When  the  tables  were  cleared  oft',  the  deck  cleared,  and  every  thing 
made  snug  on  board  the  ship,  as  many  of  the  company  as  could,  assembled  in 
the  cabin  to  hear  the  toasts  and  speeches  

The  "  California"  then  steamed  back  to  the  city,  landing  her  passengers  at 
Pier  20,  at  7  in  the  evening.  Every  guest  will  long  remember  the  day's  enjoy- 
ment. 

From  indications  the  "California"  will  be  one  of  the  fastest  steamers  that 
rides  the  deep-blue  sea.  Those  guests  from  Chicago,  whom  the  fire  and  gTain 
corners  have  left  with  a  prospect  of  some  day  visiting  Europe,  will  take  the  trip 
across  the  Atlantic  in  the  "California,"  of  The  Anchor  Line. —  Chicago  News, 
August  23,  1872. 

The  Jolly  Anchorites— Grand  Excursion  on  hoard  The  Anchor  Line  Steamship 

"  California." 

Henderson  Brothers,  the  agents  of  this  popular  line  of  steamers  plying  be- 
tween New  York  and  the  Old  World,  on  Wednesday,  the  14th  inst.,  gave  an  ex- 
cursion to  their  agents  throughout  the  United  States.  After  partaking  of  a  mag- 
nificent breakfast  on  board  the  steamship  "  Trinacria,"  the  excursionists  went 
onboard  the  "California,"  the  lines  were  cast  off  and  she  steamed  from  the 
pier;  Grafulla's  Seventh  Kegimcnt  Band  (which  accompanied  the  party)  played 
"  The  Star-spangled  Banner"  and  "  God  save  the  Queen,"  and  in  passing  down 
the  bay  many  vessels  dipped  their  flags  in  reply  to  the  salutes  of  the  "  Cali- 
fornia." They  proceeded  down  the  bay  and  out  as  far  as  Long  Branch.  The 
mammoth  boarding-houses  there  had  all  their  flags  displayed  in  honor  of  the 
excursionists,  and  from  in  front  of  them  a  salute  was  fired,  which  was  nobly  re- 
sponded to  by  the  gallant  tars  of  the  "  California."  The  guests  wero  here  in- 
vited to  partake  of  an  excellent  dinner.  After  dinner  Mr.  MacDonald,  the  gentle- 
manly agent  for  Henderson  Brothers,  took  the  chair,  and  a  number  of  toasts 
were  drank  and  responded  to  by  the  following  gentlemen :  General  Lew  Wal- 
lace, James  Warraek,  Dr.  Van  der  Poel,  Henry  Nicol,  Erastus  Brooks,  John  L. 
Wilson,  Captain  B.  S.  Osbon,  and  Alfred  Koe,  Esq.  The  steamer  arrived  at 
her  pier  at  7.30  p.  M.,  and  the  guests,  after  giving  three  cheers  for  The  Anchor 
Line,  departed  for  their  liomes,  well  pleased  with  the  magnificent  manner  in 
which  they  had  been  treated  by  the  Messrs.  Henderson  Brothers,  and  the  fol- 
lowing gentlemen,  employes  of  the  company,  viz.,  Captain  Craig,  Mr.  MacDon- 
ald, Lamont,  Bridgowater,  and  the  officers  of  the  ship. — Bordintown  Register, 
August  23,  1872. 

The  Anchor  Line.— Excursion  of  the  Agents  on  the  Steamer  "  California," 
August  14,  1872.— Letter  from  a  Lady  Passenger  on  the  Trip. 

[CORRESPONDENCE  OF  THE  rNTER-OCEAN.] 

CincAGo,  August  10, 1872. 
In  this  heated  atmosphere,  when  it  is  impossible  to  keep  the  body  cool  and 
comfortable,  it  occurs  to  us  that  even  to  read  of  a  lovely  sail  where  the  cool 
breeze  of  heaven  fanned  us,  and  every  thing  was  conducive  to  enjoyment,  would 
produce  in  the  mind  a  sensation  akin  to  comfort,  and  convey  to  the  body  a  thrill 
of  hope  as  to  what  they  may  yet  experience.  To  commence,  then.  It  was  our  good 
fortune  to  leave  Chicago  to  seek  some  "  vast  wilderness  "  or  other  spot  whero 
the  gentle  zephyrs  wafted  a  cooler  air  and  less  dust;  so  Sunday  evening  wo 
started  East  by  the  Pittsburg  &  Fort  Wayne  Railway.  We  travelled  rapidly 
and  comfortably,  passing  through  Indiana  and  Ohio  until  we  reached  Pittsburg, 
which  looked  so  intensely  hot  and  black  that  it  reminded  one  of  Bull  Run  Rus- 
sell's description  of  "  h — 11  with  the  lid  left  off."  Bather  strong  language,  but 
exceedingly  suggestive.  At  Pittsburg  the  journey  was  continued  on  the  Penn- 
sylvania Central  Railway,  without  change  of  cars.  Lovely  the  scenery  certainly 
was  for  its  boldness  and  variety.    Whirling  and  twisting  over  mountains  and 


2C 


THE  A  XClIon  LINE  OF  STEAMJ.  L'S. 


through  valleys,  with  a  speed  which  seemed  almost  appalling,  wo  gazed  upon 
the  landscape  which  our  L'>rd  had  made  so  beautiful.  Now  above  the  clouds, 
and  again  looking  up  at  them  wreathing  themselves  about  the  mountain-tops,  until 
we  fancied  ourselves  in  "  auld  Scotia"  watching  tall  Ben  Nevis  put  on  his  night- 
op,  then  passing  through  them  as  they  lifted  themselves  in  cloudy,  misty  purity 
from  the  bosom  of  the  valley  below.  Another  great  charm  was  "  the  blue 
Juniata,"  which  rolled  along  so  quietly  and  peacefully,  turning  in  and  out  of 
sheltered  nooks,  and  insinuating  its  blue  waters  under  lovely  trees  whose 
branches  bent  to  kiss  her  as  she  passed.  We  would  fain  dwell  on  Crcsson's 
height,  where  the  air  is  always  cool  and  hay-fever  is  unknown.  But  we  must 
hasten  on  to  the  great  metropolis.  Jersey  City  was  reached,  and  New  York  loomed 
up  so  immense,  and  the  heat  was  so  intense,  that  the  mere  remembrance  of  it 
makes  a  fan  a  necessity.  Of  course  Broadway  was  packed,  but  everybody  looked 
sweltered  in  as  few  clothes  as  decency  would  allow,  and  the  very  houses  seemed 
as  though  they  would  melt  with  fervent  heat.  The  poor  stage-drivers  had  even 
abandoned  hats,  in  the  hope  of  catching  any  stray  breeze  which  might  accident- 
ally be  wafted  toward  New  York.  We  joined  the  parboiled  crew  for  a  day,  and 
then  some  ministering  spirit  brought  us  an  invitation  from  the  Messrs.  Henderson 
Brothers,  of  The  Anchor  Link  of  ocean-steamers,  to  take  a  sail  to  Long  Branch 
on  their  new  steamer  the  "  California."  Accordingly,  Wednesday,  the  14th  of 
August,  we  wended  our  way  to  the  steamer,  whose  immensity  surprised  us,  as 
we  had  not  thought  of  seeing  a  vessel  so  much  larger  than  those  of  the  Cunard 
or  Inman  lines.  The  size,  however,  was  not  the  only  thing  which  caused  us  aston- 
ishment. Her  beautiful  dining-saloon,  large  state-rooms,  each  with  a  lookout  to 
sea — in  fact,  every  thing  about  the  ship  seemed  perfect,  and  almost  tempted  even 
those  who  see  no  beauty  in  a  "  life  on  the  ocean-wave,"  on  account  of  the  horrid, 
self-disgustiug  ailment,  sea-sickness — tempted  every  one,  indeed,  to  say.  "I  wish 
the  captain  would  keep  right  on  across." 

The  "  California"  had  on  board  about  400  guests,  all  of  whom  were  radiant 
at  the  prospect  of  a  cool  breeze — for,  mind  you,  wo  bad  none  of  us  even  heard 
of  one  for  weeks— so  it  was  to  be  a  new  sensation.  We  left  the  dock  accompa- 
nied by  the  steamer  "  Seth  Low,"  and  sailed  majestically  down  the  bay,  with 
the  flags  of  all  nations  flying  from  the  rigging,  and  the  British  emblem  floating 
from  the  stern.  The  baud  of  the  Seventh  Regiment  discoursed  strains  of  music 
sweet  enough  to  have  charmed  the  sirens,  and  twa  braw  Hieland  laddies  in  kilts 
and  plaids  walked  the  deck  with  bagpipes,  which,  doubtless,  they  played  finely, 
and  probably  it  was  very  soul-inspiring,  but  really  we  have  always  failed  to  ap- 
preciate the  music  of  the  bagpipes.  Ilowevcr,  they  filled  the  place  arranged  for 
them  in  the  programme  admirably,  as  both  pipes  and  dress  were  a  novelty  to 
many.  We  passed  the  Spanish  ram  "Numancia,"  but  instead  of  holding  our 
breath  and  looking  another  way  for  fear  of  yellow  fever — which,  of  course,  was 
proper — with  the  curiosity  of  a  strong-minded  woman  wc  took  a  good  look  at 
her.  We  ascertained  that  she  was  a  largo  ship  with  three  masts,  her  hull  painted 
black,  and  her  funnel  a  sort  of  cream-color  bordering  on  white.  Her  decks  were 
covered  with  white  awnings,  which,  combined  with  the  black  hull,  easily  sug- 
gested to  one  with  vivid  imagination  a  hearse  and  a  shroud.  Thoughts  were 
busy  and  sympathy  all  alive  for  the  poor  creatures  confined  on  board  with  so 
terrible  a  scourge.  Gazing  at  their  country's  flag  which  floated  over  them,  the 
sad  reminder  of  home,  friends,  and  all  the  love  which  clusters  round  one's  native 
land,  whose  shores  they  may  never  reach,  those  hearts  must  be  heavy  indeed. 
May  the  ship  soon  be  cleared  of  the  fell  disease,  was  the  silent  prayer  of  many 
a  heart  that  day.  We  have  wandered  sadly,  but  a  woman  always  does,  so  will 
make  no  apology.  Many  joined  in  the  mazes  of  the  dance,  and  the  variety  of 
scene,  face,  dress,  and  occupation,  made  the  scene  one  for  study.  One  little  by- 
play interested  us  exceedingly.  Two  mortals,  in  oblivion  as  to  the  existence  of 
others,  sat  side  by  side  in  a  sheltered  spot,  where  the  tender  glances  and  linger- 
ing pressure  of  a  little  hand  told  volumes.  We  people  who  have  almost  forgot- 
ten how  such  things  can  be,  sat  and  pondered  upon  how  sufficient  the  two  were 
for  each  other's  comfort,  and  how  long  it  would  last.  Well,  maybe  when  we  all 
get  our  affinities  (as  Mrs.  Woodhull  means  to  emancipate  us,  you  know),  wo  will 
learn  the  lessons  over  agiin,  and  understand  the  art  better  after  the  sixteenth  or 
or  twentieth  time.  Practice  makes  perfect.  It  has  taken  us  much  longer  to 
reach  Long  Branch  than  it  did  the  steamer.  General  Grant  being  there,  our 
steamer  gave  liira  a  royal  salute,  which  was  responded  to  by  cannon  "  on  the 
beach  at  Long  Branch',"  and  tho  dipping  of  mauy  flags.  After  the  salute,  the 
"California"  turned  her  stately  bow  and  we  were  homeward  bound.  Then 
came  the  groat  event  of  the  day — to  some  of  the  guests — for  there  are  people  in 
the  world  who  always  look  hungry,  and  act  it,  too,  so  the  table  was  speedily 
filled.  The  Americans  have  the  reputation  of  being  a  fast  people,  and  wc  are 
sure  you  would  all  believe  it  could  you  have  seen  some  of  the  party  hurry  down 
to  dinner.  The  tables  fairly  groaned  under  the  weight  of  good  things.  Meats 
of  all  descriptions,  fruit  from  every  clime,  and  pastry  which  melted  like  snow- 
flakes  in  one's  mouth.  Every  thing  was  decorated  with  flowers  and  evergreens, 
flags  draped  the  sides  of  the  saloon,  and  a  goodly  company  sat  down  to  enjoy 
the  blessings  of  this  life,  aided  in  keeping  up  their  cheerfulness,  not  to  say 
hilarity,  by  tho  wine  that  sparkles  in  the  cup.  Contrary  to  most  entertainments 
of  the  kind,  every  one  had  enough  to  eat.  and  there  was  plenty  left,  as  it  was 
conducted  in  a  liberal,  generous,  whole-souled  manner,  which  is  an  index  to  the 
hearts  and  minds  of  the  owners  of  tho  line.  The  toasts  were  gracefully  given 
and  beautifully  responded  to.    Coming  home,  the  enjoyment  never  ceased  for  a 


moment;  indeed,  the  cool  sea-breezo  and  the  calm,  quiet  ocean  so  lovely  in  its 
rest,  combined  to  make  us  regret  our  nearness  to  the  dock.  Wc  have,  however, 
trespassed  too  long  on  your  good-nature,  and  will  condense  in  a  few  words  our 
pleasure.  The  day  was  lovely,  the  sea  calm,  the  ship  magnificent,  the  owners 
generous,  Mr.  MacDonald,  the  New  York  member  of  the  house,  everywhere  at 
the  right  moment,  and  entirely  successful  in  his  management  of  the  excursion. 
We  all  came  home  quite  satisfied  that  when  wo  want  to  get  cool  and  not  be  sea- 
sick we  will  go  to  Europe  on  one  of  The  Anchor  Line  boats,  where  wc  are  sure 
of  meeting  gentlemen  in  the  officers,  and  sufety  and  comfort  in  the  ship. 

Pauline. 

— Inler-ocean,  August  23,  1872. 

The  "  Calif:rnia  "  of  the  Anchor  Line. 

In  a  former  number  of  the  Time  Table  wc  gave  an  account  of  the  construction 
and  appointments  of  this  magnificent  vessel  on  her  first  arrival  on  this  side  of 
tho  Atlantic.  On  Wednesday  last  Messrs.  Henderson  Brothers,  her  proprietors, 
devoted  her  to  the  use  of  their  employes  and  friends,  for  an  excursion  on  the 
open  sea.  At  11  i  the  "  California,"  accompanied  by  the  steamer  "  Scth  Low," 
and  having  on  board  about  400  persons,  sailed  from  Pier  No.  20  North  River, 
and  proceeded  down  the  bay.  After  a  turn  to  seaward  off  Long  Branch,  she  re- 
turned to  The  Anchor  Line  Pier,  about  8  o'clock  in  the  evening,  the  excur- 
sion having  proved  a  complete  success.  Through  the  liberality  of  the  Messrs. 
Henderson  Brothers,  every  delicacy  of  the  season  was  supplied  to  their 
guests  in  profusion.  The  best  of  music  was  given  by  a  full  brass  band,  while  the 
richest  strains  of  the  bagpipe  added  spirit  to  the  party.  The  "  California"  sailed 
on  Saturday  last  on  her  second  voyage  from  this  harbor.  'Her  sister  vessel,  the 
"  Victoria,"  one  of  a  fleet  of  six  new  vessels  now  nearly  completed  will  arrive 
here  in  a  few  weeks. — N.  Y.  Time  Table,  August  24,  1872. 

Doing  a  New  Steamer. 

New  York,  August  15, 1872. 

Dear  A. :  Very  strange  it  certainly  was  to  see  such  a  party  doing  up  tho 
sights  to  be  seen  on  the  latest  addition  to  the  Atlantic  fleet  of  ccean-stcamers. 
John  Cabot,  Drake,  Cavendish,  Magellan,  Captain  Cook,  Americus  Vespucius, 
Christopher  Columbus,  Ilendrick  Hudson,  Henry  Bell,  Robert  Fulton,  Mungo 
Park,  Malte-Brun,  Captain  Parry,  Dr.  Bowditeh,  James  Watt,  and  ancient 
mariners  and  navigators  I  know  not  of,  how  did  that  enterprising  manager,  Mr. 
Francis  MacDonald,  bring  them  all  together  at  this  excursion  trip  of  The  Anchor 
Line's  new  "California."  But  verily  mine  eyes  see  them  in  their  strange, 
quaint  garbs  as  they  wonderingly  parade  the  decks.  I  shall  follow  with  them, 
that  I  may  grow  wise,  seeing  a  steamer  of  this  year  of  our  Lord  1872  through  the 
eyes  of  the  navigators  of  the  good  old  times,  aud  what  I  learn  I  faithfully  report. 

They  were  a  merry  party.  Columbus  and  Vespucius,  "clasping  hands  over 
the  bloody  chasm,"  hobnobbed  and  forgot  the  theft  of  the  name  of  a  continent. 
They  talked  of  their  plans  of  reaching  Hindostan  by  crossing  tho  Atlantic, 
talked  of  Madeira,  and  the  Canary  Islands,  and  of  Spanish  and  Portuguese  navi- 
gators, their  old  comrades  of  whom  I  never  had  heard.  Mungo  Park,  Drake, 
and  Captain  Tarry,  listened  to  the  theories  of  Dr.  Bowditeh,  with  much  talk  of 
sextants,  compass,  quadrant,  and  logarithms,  evidently  more  puzzled  thereby 
than  Napier  would  have  been.  And  Captain  Cook  evidently  told  Ilendrick 
Hudson  all  about  the  scuffle  with  the  wild  folk  of  that  South  Sea  Island,  Owhy- 
hce,  which  put  an  end  to  his  voyaging. 

James  Watt  modestly  talked  of  his  earliest  thoughts  of  the  use  of  steam  in 
1700,  and  of  his  first  ventures  in  Glasgow  while  pursuing  the  avqeation  of  making 
mathematical  instruments.  Fulton  aud  Bell  chatted  eagerly  of  their  first  experi- 
ments in  steam  navigation.  Fuiton  pathetically  described  disarrangements  that 
came  to  him  in  1807,  from  the  whole  progeny  of  "  Walter  the  Doubter  ;  "  and  Bell 
appreciating  it  all  as  part  of  his  experiences  of  five  years  later  in  the  "  Comet," 
on  the  Clyde.  These  three  old  worthies  talked  enthusiastically  of  atmospheric 
and  marine  engines,  high-pressure,  condensers,  crank,  beam,  vacuum-cylinder, 
valves  and  piston,  as  though  they  wcro  tho  loves  of  other  days.  And  all  tho 
time  Burgomaster  Woutcr  Van  Twillcr,  and  Olofle  the  Dreamer,  puffed  out  clouds 
of  dense  tobacco-smoke,  and  thought  graciously  of  the  good  old  times  when 
Dutch  navigators  took  in  sail  at  night,  put  tho  helm  aport,  and  turned  in — by 
which  precaution  they  had  a  good  night's  rest,  were  sure  of  knowing  where  they 
were  next  morning,  and  stood  but  little  chance  of  running  down  a  continent  in 
the  dark. 

But  there  comes  the  chief  officer  of  (his  new  steamer  of  The  Anchor  Line, 
the  "  California,"  which  the  party  have  gathered  to  inspect,  and,  with  a  genial 
"  ancient  mariners,  will  you  kindly  fall  in  oftar  me,  while  I  show  my  steamer  to 
you  \  "ho  proceeds  to  the  main-deck,  and  the  venerable  party  wonderingly 
follow.  First,  then, he  took  them  to  the  engine-room,  and  showed  the  two  com- 
pound, vertical,  direct-acting  engines,  with  cylinders  103  by  57  inches  in  diame- 
ter. 

Her  ponderous  anchor  is  handled  with  a  great  windlass,  worked  by  steam,  and 
the  steering  apparatus  is  a  double-hand  wheel,  at  which  four  men  can  work,  and 
a  small  steam  steering-wheel,  so  beautifully  arranged  that  a  child  could  handlo 
the  rudder,  even  when  the  vessel  was  at  full  speed. 

As  the  party  started  to  leave  this  examination  of  the  motive  department  of 
the  steamer,  Kobert  Bell  threw  the  laugh  of  the  company  upon  Fulton,  by  asking 


THE  ANCHOR  LINE  OF  STEAMERS. 


21 


him  how  these  engines  compared  with  those  he  used  going  up  to  Albany  in  1S07, 
which  joke  Fulton  deftly  turned  by  rallying  Columbus  on  the  three  "  tubs  "  in 
which  he  sailed  out  of  Palos — and  into  immortal  fame. 

Captain  Cook  said  he  had  been  only  a  navigator  for  many  years,  but  had  he 
ever  had  such  engines  at  his  disposal,  it  would  have  taken  him  but  a  brief  few 
months  to  gain  the  prefix  circum  to  his  achievements. 

The  chief  officer  next  led  them  to  the  entrance  to  the  saloon,  a  cosy,  beautiful 
room,  down  which  runs  a  staircase,  broad  and  inviting,  to  the  state-rooms,  and 
the  grand-s.iloou,  below.  The  party  scattered  about,  examining  the  fine  work, 
the  carvings,  mirrors,  upholstering,  the  electric  bells  in  each  state-room,  the 
bath-rooms,  the  porcelain-topped  lavatories,  and  all  the  many  novel  contri- 
vances, unknown  in  their  day  and  generation,  unknown  in  their  barks,  feluccas, 
and  brigs.  Wonderingly  they  gazed,  and  great  was  their  rapture.  The  Amster- 
dam burgomaster  puffed  hard  at  his  pipe,  thought  solemnly  of  his  staunch  Dutch 
craft,  and  was  filled  with  whispering  awe  in  realizing  the  proportions  of  this  giant 
steamer,  as  the  bueolie  mind  is  with  the  mystery  of  the  oceau  itself.  The  present 
wonders  were  increased  in  their  charms  by  remembrance  of  the  plain,  simple 
marine-toys,  that  were.  Every  little  group  formed  has  its  own  bit  of  private 
astonishment.  This  one  swells  with  the  story  of  fifty  million  people  dwelling 
on  the  continent  of  Columbus,  and  this  one  joins  Hendrick  Hudson  in  wonder 
that  so  many  millions  populate  the  region  around  the  bay  of  New  York,  which 
he  found  almost  uninhabited  when,  on  the  3d  of  September,  1G09,  he  anchored 
the  "  Half  Moon  "  iuside  of  Sandy  Hook.  Cook  swells  indignantly  at  a  revolu- 
tion of  ungrateful  colonics  against  the  succession  of  his  patron,  George  III.,  and 
is  only  pacified  in  looking  at  the  stars  and  stripes,  a  new  flag  to  him,  and  in 
having  that  consolation  of  an  EntjlUh  mind,  of  no  such  flag  waving  over  a 
single  Atlantic  steamer.  Maltc-Brun  felicitates  himself  on  some  limit  to  the 
old-time  geography  in  his  day,  before  the  "star  of  empire  westward  took  its 
flight." 

And  the  old  sea-dogs  and  learned  supercargoes  of  the  seventeenth  century 
stoutly  refuse  to  believe  in  any  safe  use  of  such  a  mass  of  iron  formed  in  the 
shape  of  a  ship,  its  inside  furnaces  of  fire,  and  its  means  of  propelling  strong 
enough  to  make  ten  knots  an  hour  progress  against  an  adverse  headwind.  Nor 
will  they  believe  that  the  '•  Great  Western,'-  called  then  a  11  leviathan,"  which 
left  Bristol,  England,  on  the  Tth  of  April,  1838,  and  reached  New  York  on  the 
23d,  had  capacity  to  carry  1,3-10  tons,  eclipsed  since  then  by  leviathans  of 
improved  breed  carrying  up  to  0,000  tons,  with  1,100  tons'  provision  alone  for 
steamer's  coals  !  They  won't  believe  it,  although  Eulton  says  :  "  Jolly  tars, 
all  this  but  sixty-five  years  since  I  moved  the  first  boat  by  steamer."  And 
the  response  was  murmured,  "  Tell  that  to  the  marines,  but  the  sailors  won't 
believe  it."  And  there  was  hitching  up  of  trousers,  and  shifting  of  cuds,  shiv- 
ing  of  timbers,  and  general  infidelity. 

And  now  the  party  in  the  saloon  began  to  grow  hilarious.  A  cheery  steward 
brings  forth  of  his  goodly  store.  Ancient  mariners  gather  at  the  tables,  and  drink 
to  sovereigns  of  Spain  and  Portugal,  Signoi  of  Genoa,  Doge  of  Venice,  Dutch 
India  company,  and  the  Britannia  which  "  rules  the  wave." 

The  cabin  of  the  "California"  rings  with  strange  mirth,  and  Neptune,  with 
his  trident,  presiding  at  the  feast,  as  jolly  as  any  gay  Anchorite  afloat.  Cabot 
and  Parry,  Cork  and  Magellan,  are  brewing  whiskey-punch,  and  Dr.  Bowditch 
forgets  about  abstruse  theories,  and  gayly  sings  an  old-time  ditty.  But  in 
rushes  the  captain  of  the  "  Goede  Vrouw,"  charged  w  ell  with  schnapps,  but  full 
also  of  anxiety.  He  declares  that  he  has  been  inspecting  the  steamer's  architec- 
ture for  three  hours,  and  he  has  at  last  come  to  the  conclusion  that  she  is  of  dif- 
ferent model  from  the  good  boat  in  which  he  sailed  from  Amsterdam,  and  in 
any  such  departure  there  must  be  great  danger.  When  called  on  by  the  goodly 
company  for  the  dimensions  of  the  "  Gocde  Vrouw,"  he  said:  "Mr.  Irving 
claims  truthfully  that  the  ship-carpenters  of  Holland  model  their  ships  after  the 
fair  form  of  their  countrymen,  and  his  gallant  vessel  accordingly  had  100  feet  in 
the  beam,  100  feet  in  the  keel,  and  100  feet  from  the  bottom  of  the  stern-post  to 
the  taffrail.  The  brawny  Dutch  captain  swung  his  cocked-hat,  and  warned  the 
Hendersons  of  their  danger  in  experimenting  on  their  new  model.  But  his  voice 
is  drowned  by  the  inventor  of  steam,  and  Watt  of  Greenock,  filling  a  flowing 
bowl  and  calling  upon  the  goodly  company  to  give  hearty  cheers  for  the  success 
and  good  fortune  of  these  Scotch  mariners  of  the  nineteenth  century,  w  ho  pro- 
vide such  worthy  craft  for  the  navigators  of  their  day. 

But  this  roar  of  cheers  seems  to  come  from  the  full  throats  of  the  jubilant 
six  hundred,  instead  of  from  a  select  party  of  ancients.  And  so  they  do.  The 
ringing  out  of  them  wakens  me  from  a  slumber.  The  quaint,  strange  party 
have  vanished  into  thin  air.  The  perfume  of  the  docks  of  New  York  is  about 
me.  Scotch  bagpipes  are  in  my  ear,  Grafulla's  band  are  playing  "  Home 
again,"  and,  rising  from  the  cushion  in  the  smoking-room,  1  realize  that  the 
"California's"  excursion  is  over,  and  that  tbe  guests  are  cheering  wildly  their 
thanks  to  the  generous  company,  while  I  have  been  dreaming  that  which  is  not 
all  a  dream.  J.  E.  McE. 

— Auburn  (V.  T.)  Advertiser,  August  24,  1S72. 

Luxury  on  the  Wave. 

On  the  11th  of  the  present  month,  the  agents  of  the  well-known  Axcnort 
LrxE  of  steamers  enjoyed  an  excursion,  with  a  banquet,  in  New  York  Bay,  on 
board  the  new  and  elegant  steamer  "  California,"  of  that  line.    Wc  acknowl- 


edged the  receipt  of  a  card  of  invitation  from  Messrs.  Henderson  Brothers,  of 
tins  city,  agents  for  The  Anchor  Line,  but  a  pressure  of  office  duties  rendered 
it  impossible  for  us  to  improve  the  opportunity  to  enjoy  one  of  the  most  no- 
table and  pleasant  entertainments  ever  gotten  up.  Wc  deeply  regret  the  fact  of 
our  inability  to  participate  in  a  celebration  in  which  so  much  real  enjoyment 
was  found;  but  regrets  are  of  no  avail,  and  we  will  now  proceed  to  give  our 
readers  a  few  interesting  items  concerning  The  Anchor  Line  and  the  new 
"  California." 

The  Anchor  Line  of  o:ean-stea:ncrs — so  popular  with  the  travelling  public 
wherever  known,  and  known  almost  everywhere  throughout  Christendom- 
comprises  seventeen  steamers  ranging  from  1,500  to  3,500  tons,  constructed  ex- 
pressly for  the  Atlantic  service.  Twenty-nine  steamers  have  also  been  con- 
structed for  the  Mediterranean  fleet,  thus  making  in  all  forty-six  vessels  built 
and  used  in  this  line.  The  "  California"  is  the  latest  accession  to  the  list,  and 
is  of  an  improved  type.  She  is  a  model  of  marine  architecture,  and  in  strength, 
elegance,  speed,  safety,  and  perfection  in  all  her  appointments,  nothing  seems  to 
be  lacking.  .  .  .  Her  saloons,  state-rooms,  promenade-decks,  library,  bath- 
rooms, ventilators,  beating  apparatus,  in  fact  everything  pertaining  to  the  beautiful 
craft,  is  a  model  feature,  and  nothing  in  the  shape  of  a  steamship  could  be  more 
completely  adapted  to  the  comfort,  safety,  and  enjoyment  of  passengers.  Lack 
of  space,  and  not  of  inclination,  prevents  us  from  giving,  at  this  time,  a  more 
detailed  description  of  this  wonderful  floating  palace. 

The  "  California"  is  commanded  by  Captain  James  Craig,  an  experienced  and 
skilful  mariner,  whose  efforts  to  please  all  who  are  so  fortunate  as  to  make  a 
voyage  on  his  noble  craft,  will  be  seconded  by  as  efficient  and  gentlemanly  a 
corps  of  subordinate  officers  as  ever  smelled  salt-water.  The  "California" 
sailed  from  New  York  for  Glasgow,  Scotland,  on  the  17th,  filled  with  happy 
passengers. 

We  will  add  that  the  second  steamer  of  the  new  fleet,  the  "  Victoria,"  a  sis- 
ter ship  to  the  "California,"  has  just  been  launched,  and  the  "Bolivia"  and 
"Ethiopia,"  of  4,500  tons  each,  are  well  forward.  Three  other  steamers  are  in 
frames,  viz.,  the  "Utopia,"  "  Castalia,"  and  "Italia,"  making  in  all  seven 
steamers,  of  over  23,000  tons  in  the  aggregate,  and  valued  at  half  a  million 
dollars  each,  which  will  be  built  for  this  firm  within  one  year.  Such  enterprise 
challenges  the  admiration  of  Christendom. — Chicago  Sun,  August  27,  1872. 

The  Excursion  Trip  of  the  Hew  Anchor  Line  Steamship  "  California." 

The  New  York  newspaper  men  had  a  delightful  time  on  the  14th  instant. 
The  occasion  was  the  excursion-trip  of  the  splendid  new  steamship  "  Califor- 
nia." The  proprietors  of  The  Anchor  Line,  so  widely  and  favorably  known, 
have  given  another  evidence  of  their  enterprise  and  unceasing  efforts  to  gratify 
Hie  taste  of  the  travelling  public,  regardless  of  expense.  The  best  vessels  that 
naval  architects  could  construct,  officered  by  the  most  skilled  and  experienced 
seamen,  have  characterized  this  line  from  the  beginning,  and  earned  for  it  the 
enviable  reputation  that  it  enjoys.  The  "California,"  that  made  the  excursion- 
trip  on  the  14th  iust.,  with  so  much  eclat,  is  the  latest  acquisition  of  The  Anchor 
Line.  She  is  said  to  be  the  most  elegantly-furnished  and  fitted-up  vessel  that 
sails  from  the  port  of  New  York.  Indeed,  it  is  a  perfect  floating  palace,  and,  if  it 
had  been  expressly  constructed  for  the  use  of  royalty,  a  more  lavish  expenditure 
of  money  could  hardly  have  been  made  for  its  adornment.  .  .  .  Those  who  have 
the  good  fortune  to  cross  the  ocean-ferry  in  this  peerless  specimen  of  naval  archi- 
tecture will  be  quite  excusable  if  they  fancy  that  Aladdin  and  his  lamp  have  some- 
thing to  do  with  the  manufacture  of  the  "  California." 

We  see  from  the  New  York  journals  that  the  excursion  and  banquet  of  the 
14th  instant  were  among  the  noticeable  events  of  the  searon.  All  of  the  great 
metropolitan  dailies  were  represented,  and  of  course  there  was  "  a  feast  of  rea- 
son and  flow  of  soul  "  The  banquet  was  worthy  of  the  occasion  ;  in  other 
words,  a  most  elegant  affair  

We  wish  the  new  steamship  many  a  bon  voyage. — Lafayette  (Inel.)  Courier, 
August  27,  1S72. 

To  and  from  Europe— The  Anchor  Line. 

Shakespeare  in  his  oracular  wisdom  has  said,  "  Some  men  are  born  creat, 
some  achieve  greatness,  and  others  have  greatness  thrust  upon  them."  Of  these 
three,  those  who  achieve  greatness  are  unquestionably  the  most  honorable.  And 
the  same  may  be  said  of  companies  of  men  as  of  single  individuals. 

Among  the  celebrated  and  honorable  achievements  of  man,  those  upon  the 
ocean  are  not  less  illustrious  than  those  upon  the  land.  From  the  days  of 
Jason,  whose  daring  enterprise  enabled  him  to  tame  bulls  that  breathed  flame, 
and  plough  the  plains  with  them,  and  to  sow  the  dragon's  teeth  from  which  arose 
a  hostile  army  as  a  harvest,  down  to  the  latest  novel  enterprise  of  our  day,  the 
annals  are  every  way  illustrious. 

The  "  latest  novel  enterprise."    Yes  :  Let  us  dwell  a  little  on  that. 

Some  enterprises  set  out  full  fledged  and  equipped  for  success,  others  work 
up  to  greatness  from  small  beginnings,  and  outstrip  their  more  favored  com- 
petitors. Of  this  last  is  the  remarkable  line  of  steamships  cf  which  we  arc  now 
about  to  speak. 

This  is  the  origin  of  the  firm  of  Handyside  &  Henderson,  Glasgow,  of  world- 
wide fame,  owners  of  The  AxcnoR  Line  of  stearnsi-lps. 


'28 


THE  ANCHOR  LINK  OF  STEAMERS. 


Whether  these  lour  boys  fell  upon  this  great  movement  by  accident  or  design, 
we  hold  that  this  is  tho  true  way  of  Originating  an  enterprise — by  persons  prac- 
tically acquainted  with  nil  the  working  details,  who  can  provide  for  and  antici- 
pate the  necessities  of  such  a  service — who  know  what  and  who  is  wanted,  and 
have  enterprise  enough  to  make  liberal  and  intelligent  outlays  for  tho  public 
safety  and  convenience.  "Whatever  theories  the  firm  may  have  had,  they  wero 
not  so  rash  as  to  set  out  on  a  vast  scale  at  first,  but  let  tho  enterprise  "grow." 
And  while  it  grew  they  noted,  and  improved,  and  remedied  defects  and  mis- 
takes, till  the  Line  has  become  one  of  colossal  magnitude. 

We  may  here  be  permitted  to  indulge  in  a  few  statistics,  etc.,  which  will  pre- 
sent to  the  reader  a  better  view  of  The  Anchor  Line  than  we  could  in  any  other 
way : 

The  Line  of  18G3  has  grown  from  three  steamers  in  that  year  to  thirty-six 
large  and  powerful  steamers  in  1871. 

In  the  construction  of  each  new  ship,  the  latest  modifications  and  conveniences 
for  the  navigation  of  the  ship  and  the  comfort  and  safety  of  passengers  have  been 
steadily  adopted. 

The  excellence  and  reliability  of  Clyde-built  steamers  are  now  so  well  estab- 
lished and  acknowledged,  that  it  is  unnecessary  for  us  to  do  more  than  refer  to 
them.  Tho  travel  for  business  or  pleasure  between  America  and  Europe  is  in- 
creasing every  year,  and  the  great  stroatn  of  immigration  knows  no  cessation.  All 
are,  therefore,  interested  in  tho  assurance  that  the  great  ocean-ferry  is  furnished 
with  ships  whose  excellence  in  structure  and  management  is  remarkable.  Our 
lives,  health,  and  happiness,  and  that  of  our  friends  and  relations,  are  implicated 
in  this  matter,  and  we  cannot  be  indifferent  to  the  subject. 

To  give  our  readers  a  nearer  view  of  the  subject,  wo  will  here  present  a  de- 
scription of  tho  "  California,"  the  latest-built  ship  of  The  Anchor  Line: 

In  every  particular  the  "  California"  is  unsurpassed  as  an  ocean-steamer. 

A  grand  excursion  down  New  York  Bay  came  off  on  tho  14th  inst.,  which 
gave  entire  satisfaction.  Prominent  citizens  from  all  parts  of  the  Union  wero 
present.  A  grand  banquet  was  given,  and,  judging  from  the  bill  of  fare  and 
toasts  presented  on  the  occasion,  wc  conclude  that  the  treat  was  no  whit  inferior 
to  the  ship  in  its  liberal  features. 

Such,  then,  is  The  Ancuor  Line,  an  enterprise  in  every  way  worthy  of  tho 
patronage  of  the  travelling  public. — Peoria  {III.)  National  Democrat,  August  27, 
1872. 

The  Anchor  Line  Agsnts'  Excursion. 

The  Anchor  Line  of  occau-steamcrs,  which  is  regularly  advertised  in  our 
columns,  gave  a  grand  excursion  to  their  agents  on  board  of  their  new  and  great 
steamship  "  California,"  on  the  14th  inst.,  steaming  down  New  York  Bay  in  the 
morning,  thence  to  Long  Branch,  and  returning  to  her  pier  on  North  liivcr  again 
at  7  p.  M.'samo  day.  The  bill  of  faro  was  of  the  most  sumptuous  character  on 
this  occasion,  and  was  enjoyed  by  the  largo  number  who  participated  in  it  with 
n  happiness  entirely  indescribable.  The  "California"  sailed  from  New  York 
with  a  large  list  of  passengers,  on  the  17th  inst.  Mr.  D.  Nisbet,  Southern 
Wharf,  is  the  agent  of  The  Anchor  Line  in  this  city. — Charleston,  (S.  C.) 
Courkr,  August  27,  1872. 

The  Anchor  Line  of  European  Steamers. 

The  Anchor  Line  of  ocean-steamers,  which  is  regularly  advertised  in  our 
columns,  gave  a  grand  excursion  to  their  agents  on  board  their  new  and  monster 
steamship  "  California  "  on  tho  14th  inst.,  steaming  down  New  York  Bay  in  the 
morning,  thence  to  Long  Branch,  and  returning,  to  her  pier  on  North  Kiver,  at 
7  r.  M.  same  day.  The  bill  of  fare  was  of  the  most  elaborate  character  and  the 
banquet  a  sumptuous  affair,  enjoyed  by  all  who  participated — and  the  company 
was  a  very  largo  one— to  the  fullest  extent.  The  "  California"  Bailed  from  New 
York  on  an  excursion  to  Europe  on  the  17th  inst.,  with  a  large  list  of  passengers. 
Solomon  Brothers  are  the  agents  for  this  line  of  steamers  in  this  city. — i-avannah 
Advertiser,  August  28,  1872. 

Ocsan  Steamships.— That  Excursion. 

The  agents  of  The  Anchor  Line  Steamship  Company  will  long  remember 
the  princely  entertainment  provided  for  them  on  the  14th  inst.,  when  the 
"California"  made  her  novel  trip  down  the  bay  from  New  York  to  Long 
Branch,  where  the  big  ship  saluted  the  President,  and  then  returned  to  her  dock. 

We  are  assured  by  Captain  Whyte,  whose  experience  in  all  matters  nautical 
entitles  him  to  speak  authoritatively  on  the  subject,  that  the  ship  is  the  finest,  in 
all  respects,  that  can  be  found  on  any  line,  and  that  tho  excursion  was  tho  great- 
est affair  of  tho  kind  on  record.  The  tables  fairly  groaned  under  their  burden, 
which  was  of  the  choicest  character,  and  comprised  all  the  luxuries  and  delica- 
cies which  both  continents  could  afford.  Such  liberality  on  the  part  of  the 
company  reflects  the  highest  credit  on  them,  and  we  can  safely  say  that  they  aro 
nt  present  the  owners  of  one  of  the  finest  and  best,  as  well  as  tho  most  numerous 
fleets  of  steamships  afl. —  Wilkesbarre  Daily,  August  28,  1872. 

Excursion  of  The  Anchor  Steamship  Company. 

The  Messrs.  Henderson,  proprietors  of  The  Anchor  Line  of  ocean-steamers, 
recently  gave  an  excursion  to  the  American  agents  of  the  company,  down  the 


bay  at  New  York.  Grafulla's  Seventh  Kegimcnt  Band  accompanied  the  party, 
and  added  greatly  to  tho  pleasure  of  tho  occasion.  The  "  California,"  the  boat 
on  which  the  party  embarked,  steamed  down  as  far  as  Long  Branch,  and  on  tho 
return  the  guests  were  invited  to  partake  of  an  ample  collation  provided  by  tho 
company.  The  "  California"  is  the  pioneer  of  seven  new  and  magnificent  steam- 
ers which  will  run  in  the  European  service  of  the  line.  Tho  Boston  agents  of 
the  line  are  tho  well-known  firm  of  C.  L.  Bartlett  &  Co.,  of  10  Broad  Street. — 
Boston.  Traveller,  August  28,  1872. 

The  Anchor  Line  has  added  to  its  list  of  excellent  steamers  one  of  tho 
staunehest  and  best  passenger-boats  ever  formed  by  naval  architects.  This  new 
ocean  queen  is  called  tho  "  California,"  and  is  so  perfect  in  all  her  departments — 
being  constructed  with  an  especial  view  to  the  comfort  and  health  of  passengers 
— that  visitors  leaving  New  York  for  Europe  are  only  too  anxious  to  make  the 
trip  on  her.  On  the  14th  inst.,  an  excursion  and  banquet  were  given  on  the 
"California"  to  The  Anchor  Line  agents  of  New  York,  at  which  the  repre- 
sentatives of  the  daily  press  were  present.  All  tho  newspaper  men  spoke  in 
terms  of  praise  of  the  beautiful  steamer.  —  Dubuque  {Iowa)  Herald,  August 
28,  1872. 

New  Steamship. 

A  few  days  ago  I  was  one  of  a  party  which  made  a  day's  excursion  to  sea  on 
the  new  iron  screw-steamship  "  California,"  built  on  the  Clyde  for  The  Anchor 
Line  between  New  York  and  Glasgow. 

The  "California"  is  one  of  the  handsomest  and  finest  passenger-vessels  on 
the  Atlantic  Ocean.  Every  thing  about  her  indicates  the  best  material,  tho  most 
skilful  workmanship,  and  capable  management.  The  cabins  are  of  the  most  elegant 
and  comfortable  kind,  yet  there  is  no  unnecessary  show  about  them,  and  no  folly 
whatever  ;  and  tho  whole  furnishing  of  the  vessel  indicates  an  attention  to  de- 
tail which  is  seldom  found  in  sea-going  steamers.  I  never  in  any  vessel  saw 
such  admirable  arrangements  for  the  comfort  and  health  of  steerage  passengers. 
Not  only  aro  the  arrangements  for  sleeping  and  cooking  of  the  most  approved 
kind,  but  the  ventilation  of  the  ship  is  provided  for  by  an  ingenious  device. 
This  is  among  tho  best  of  the  new  ideas  introduced  into  this  vessel.  It  consists 
of  a  small  engine  connecting  with  a  centrifugal  pump  placed  in  the  starboard 
wing,  which  is  a  powerful  spare  bilge-pump,  and  also  acts  as  a  vcntilating-fan, 
driving  a  strong,  fresh  current  of  air  through  all  the  passenger-spaces,  as  well  as 
tho  cargo-holds,  thereby  adding  to  the  comfort  and  sanitary  condition  of  all  on 
board.  After  examining  this  vessel  throughout,  and  observing  the  scientific  ap- 
pliances in  all  its  departments,  under  the  guidance  of  Mr.  Francis  MacDonald, 
tho  courteous  and  energetic  manager  of  the  line,  I  am  not  surprised  at  the  ex- 
traordinary growth  of  tho  popularity  of  the  Glasgow  line  within  the  last  few 
years.  The  officers  are  trained  and  experienced  men,  who  are  at  the  same  time 
affable  gentlemen. 

In  examining  tho  ship,  its  appointments,  and  its  management,  I  could  not 
hut  contrast  them  with  what  I  remember  of  the  old  "  Collins  Lino  "  of  American 
steamships,  with  their  tinsel  and  frippery,  and  pretence  and  discomfort,  and  the 
insolence  and  assumption  of  their  officials.  If  we  ever  build  vessels  for  the  At- 
lantic service  again,  wo  must  learn  every  thing  from  tho  Scotchmen  of  the  Clyde, 
who  are  now  tho  leading  ship-builders  of  the  world. 

The  growth  of  this  Anchor  Line  has  been  remarkable.  It  came  into  exist- 
ence in  185G,  and  since  then  seventeen  steamers  have  been  constructed  for  its 
Atlantic  service  between  New  York  and  Glasgow,  besides  thirty  steamers  for  its 
service  in  the  Mediterranean.  In  addition  to  the  vessels  I  am  now  speaking  of, 
another  has  just  been  launched  for  this  lino  on  the  Clyde  for  the  American  trade  ; 
two  others  are  well  forward,  and  three  others  arc  in  frames — making  seven  steam- 
ers, valued  at  $500,000  each,  and  of  over  23,000  tons  in  the  aggregate,  which  will 
be  built  for  this  line  within  one  year. 

The  development  of  the  commerce  between  New  York  and  Glasgow  during 
the  last  ten  years  has  been  enormous.  Glasgow  is  gaining  rapidly  upon  Liver- 
pool, and  it  looks  as  though  some  years-hence  there  would  be  a  greater  commer- 
cial and  passage  traffic  between  New  York  and  Glasgow  than  between  New  York 
and  Liverpool  or  any  other  European  port.  Our  consumption  of  Scotch  manu- 
factures is  becoming  more  varied  and  extensive  every  year. 

Oh !  when  shall  wc  have  American  iron  screw-steamships  covering  the  sens 
and  carrying  on  the  commercial  and  passenger  traffic  of  tho  country  ?  To-day 
more  than  half  of  the  tonnage  of  all  the  world  is  in  British  hands. — Galaxy. 
Cincinnati  Commercial,  August  28,  1872. 

The  Anchor  Line— It3  Origin— The  "California,"  her  Commander,  and  the 
Agents  of  the  Line. 

About  a  dozen  years  ago  an  enterprising  shipping  firm  in  the  city  of  Glasgow, 
Scotland,  Messrs.  Ilandysidc  &  Henderson,  organized  what  is  now  known  tho 
world  o'er  ns  The  Anchor  Line  of  steamers,  for  tho  puqioso  of  securing  a 
direct  steam  communication  between  tho  city  of  Saint  MungO  and  New  York. 
Several  previous  attempts  had  been  made  by  other  parties  to  establish  a  line  of 
steamers  between  Glasgow  and  the  New  World  ;  but  nfter  a  few  trips  the  enter- 
prise was  generally  given  up,  and  the  "  guid  folk  of  auld  Scotia,"  who  wished  to 
visit  tho  United  States,  were  obliged  to  go  to  Liverpool  and  there  tako  shipping 
for  this  country.    The  firm  above  mentioned,  however,  thoroughly  knew  their 


THE  ANCHOR  LINE  OE  STEAMERS. 


business,  and  the  result  is,  that  they  have  now  a  fleet  of  steamers  crossing  the 
Atlantic  that  will  compare  most  favorably  with,  if  it  does  not  excel  that  of,  any 
other  in  the  trade.  The  latest  acquisition  is  the  splendid  steamship  "  California," 
which  was  built  by  Alexander  Stephens  &  Sons,  Glasgow,  during  the  present 

year  Iler  commander  is  Captain  James  Craig,  than  whom  a  better  sailor 

never  trod  a  quarter  deck,  while  his  officers,  like  himself,  are  all  natives  of  the 
land  of  Scotia.  On  the  14th  of  the  present  month  the  "California"  made  an 
oxcursion-trip  down  New  York  Bay,  to  which  the  editors  of  the  Appeal  were 
invited,  but,  owing  to  circumstances,  were  unable  to  accept  the  invitation. 
From  the  account  in  the  New  York  papers  of  the  following  day,  and  the  bill  of 
fare  provided,  it  must  have  been  a  grand  arlair.  li  AH  success  to  the  jolly 
Anchor-itcs,"  say  we.  Henderson  Brothers  are  the  Agents  at  No.  321  Wabash 
Avenue,  Chicago. — Memphis  Appeal,  August  23,  1872. 

'•  The  Jolly  Anchorites." 

We  have  had  submitted  to  our  inspection  two  elegant  specimens  of  typo- 
graphical art,  issued  from  the  press  of  the  Messrs.  Appletons.  But  far  more 
attractive  to  our  eye  was  the  subject-matter.  A  breakfast  and  dinner  bill  of  fare, 
which  placed  under  contribution  the  four  quarters  of  the  globe — a  menu  that 
would  excite  envy  in  the  breast  of  a  Blot  or  a  Delmonico.  The  occasion  calling 
this  forth  was  an  excursion  given  by  the  Messrs.  Henderson  Brothers,  Agents 
for  Tue  AxcnoR  Lixe  of  Transatlantic  Steamships,  to  the  numerous  agents  of 
the  company  in  the  United  States  and  Canadas.  From  our  New  York  exchanges 
we  condense  a  brief  account  of  this  most  royal  festivity. 

After  the  sumptuous  breakfast  on  board  the  fine  steamer  "  Trinacria,"  the 
compauy  embarked  upon  the  pride  of  The  Axchor  Lixe — the  11  California." 
The  lines  were  cast  otf,  the  band  struck  up  "  God  save  the  Queen,"  as  the 
steamer  headed  seaward,  accompanied  by  the  tug  "  Seth  Low."  Fvcry  thing 
conspired  to  make  the  day  one  of  unalloyed  pleasure.  Awnings  and  a  cool 
breeze  from  the  ocean  kept  the  dancers  from  feeling  the  heat  of  the  sun.  The 
agents  and  officers  contributed  in  every  way  to  their  guests'  enjoyment. 

At  Long  Branch — the  Brighton  of  America — the  dinner  was  served,  then 
adjourning  to  the  main  saloon  of  the  "California" — which  is  not  excelled  for 

beauty  upon  any  vessel  afloat — the  following  toasts  were  drunk  :  

all  of  which  were  appropriately  responded  to  by  the  distinguished  guests  present. 

The  object  of  this  excursion  was  to  familiarize  the  company's  ageutswith 
the  class  of  vessels  the/  sail  from  the  port  of  New  York — excsHcd  by  none  and 
equalled  but  by  few  for  elegance,  convenience,  speed,  and  safety — that  they 
might  speak  advisedly  upon  their  return  home  to  intending  European  travellers. 
The  "  California"  is  the  first  of  seven  steamers,  aggregating  twenty-three  thou- 
sand tons,  now  completing,  ready  for  next  season's  service. — Augusta  Chronicle 
and  Sentinel,  August  23,  1S72. 

Anchor  Line. 

Messrs.  Henderson  Brothers,  the  owners  of  TnE  Axchor  Lixe,  gave  an  ex- 
cursion to  their  agents  throughout  the  United  States,  on  their  new  and  magnifi- 
cent steamship  "  California,"  August  14th.  Leaving  pier  20  at  11  o'clock  in  the 
morning,  they  steamed  through  the  bay  with  Grafulla's  Band  on  board,  which 
gave  flue  music  for  dancing.  Salutes  were  exchanged  with  the  different  steamers 
lying  in  port,  and,  when  Long  Branch  was  reached,  the  guns  on  the  coast  made 
the  air  ring  with  their  welcome.  A  most  bountiful  dinner  was  served  to  the 
excursionists  in  their  elegant  dining-saloon  at  three  o'clock ;  after  which  a  most 
enjoyable  hour  was  spent  in  offering  toasts.  The  "California"  is  one  of  five 
new  Express  Passenger  Steamers  placed  upon  the  line  this  summer,  which  are 
acknowledged  to  be  the  fastest  and  most  luxuriously  fltted-up  steamers  afloat. 
Parties  contemplating  a  trip  to  Europe  would  do  well  to  examine  these  steamers 
before  purchasing  tickets.  The  enterprise  and  liberality  of  Messrs.  Henderson 
Brothers  deserve  the  growing  popularity  which  this  line  is  receiving.  The  ex- 
cursion of  August  14th  will  long  be  remembered  as  the  most  enjoyable  one  of  the 
season. — Rockland  County  Messenger,  August  29,  1872. 

Ocean-Steamers. 

The  past  few  years  have  witnessed  a  very  remarkable  improvement  in  the 
construction  of  transatlantic  steamships.  New  lines  have  been  started,  claiming 
superiority  over  the  old  ones,  in  speed  and  comfort.  The  old  Axchor  Lixe, 
determined  to  be  up  to  the  times,  gave  an  order  some  time  ago  for  the  construc- 
tion of  seven  large  and  powerful  steamers,  to  be  equal  if  not  superior  to  any 
thing  afloat ;  and,  in  order  that  their  agents  throughout  the  country  might  know 
from  observation  what  elegant  accommodations  they  represented,  the  managers 
extended  an  invitation  to  all  to  take  an  excursion  occanward  on  board  the  new 
steamship  "  California,"  the  first  of  these  new  boats.  The  excursion  came  off  on 
Wednesday,  the  14th  inst.,  and  was  a  sumptuous  affair  throughout,  and  reflected 
great  credit  upon  the  company.  Among  the  guests  from  this  section  of  the 
country  were  Messrs.  Jermyn,  of  Carbondalc ;  Eaton  <fe  Williams,  of  Archibald  ; 
Major  W.  E.  Whyte,  Wilkesbarre ;  and  A.  A.  Bryden,  of  Pittston.  Those 
familiar  with  such  matters  declare  the  accommodations  of  the  steamship  "Cali- 
fornia" equal  if  not  superior  to  any  thing  crossing  the  Atlantic— Pittston  Ga- 
zette, J.ugust  29,  1872. 


The  California.— Triumphal  Passage  down  New  York  Bay.— The  Elegant  New 
Steamship  of  The  Anchor  Line.  -Her  First  Visit  to  New  York. -Great  Ex- 
cursion and  Banquet.— Other  Steamers  builiing  to  match. -A  New  Era  in 
Ocean-Crossing. 

>"r.w  Tons,  August:2(i,  1S>72. 

[Cor.F.F.SrOXDEXCE  OF  TUT.  DAILY  EAGLE.] 

My  time  has  been  so  occupied  with  pressing  business  since  my  stay  in  New 
York,  that  I  have  neglected,  until  now,  to  mention  an  arlair  at  which,  as  repre- 
sentative of  the  Eagle,  I  had  a  supremely  enjoyable  part,  as  did  each  of  the  la- 
dies and  gentlemen  of  the  large  party  I  was  among.  It  was  the  grand  banquet 
excursion  of  the  magnificent  new  steamship  '■  California,"  of  The  Anchor  Lixe, 
which  for  so  many  years  has  been  running  its  fine  steamers  between  New  York 
and  Glasgow,  with  unerring  safety  and  speed. 

A  new  career  now  opens  to  the  fortunes  of  The  Axchor  Lixe,  with  a  fleet 
of  new  steamships,  of  new  and  improved  type  and  superior  construction.  The 
first  of  these  is  the  "  California,"  which  sailed  from  this  port  to  Glasgow  on  the 
17th  instant,  on  her  first  return-passage.  Three  days  previous  to  her  departure, 
this  steamship  made  an  excursion  down  New  York  Bay,  and  thirty  miles  out  to 
sea  besides,  and  return,  carrying  as  goodly  a  number  of  ladies  and  gentlemen, 
as  could  be  well  got  together,  on  invitation  from  the  New  York  agents  of  the 
line.  This  gathering  was  composed  of  representatives  of  the  Custom-House,  the 
Post-Offiec,  City  Government,  State  Government,  the  Press,  members  of  great 
publishing  houses,  artists,  noted  musical  stars,  famous  hotel  proprietors,  cap- 
tains of  several  steamships  and  other  vessels  in  port,  and  two  or  three  eminent 
retired  shipmasters,  with  several  merchants  and  others.  These,  with  their 
wives,  daughters,  or  other  ladies,  about  equal  in  number  with  the  gentlemen, 
made  a  party  of  nearly  four  hundred. 

The  festivities  commenceel  with  a  superb  breakfast  on  boarel  the  "  Trina- 
cria,"  another  steamer  of  The  AxcnoR  Lixe,  at  a  fashionably  late  hour  of  the 
morning.  The  "Trinacria,"  though  nothing  so  fine  a  vessel  as  the  "  Califor- 
nia," was  said,  by  the  many  present  who  were  accustomed  to  voyages  on  ocean- 
stearaships  (myself  among  these),  to  ba  unsurpassed  for  beauty,  comfort,  or 
luxury  of  the  table,  by  any  steamship  between  here  and  Europe  that  we  had 
ever  known. 

And  here  I  will  add  a  few  words  in  regard  to  the  other  steamers  of  The  An- 
chor Lixe,  prospectively.  The  second  one  of  the  new  fleet,  the  "  Victoria," 
has  just  been  launched  at  Glasgow,  where  the  "  California  "  was  built.  These 
are  each  3,2S8  tons.  The  "  Bolivia  "  and  "  Ethiopia,"  of  4,500  tons  each,  arc 
well  along  toward  completion.  Three  others  are  on  the  stocks,  called  the 
"  Utopia,"  "  Castalia  "  and  "  Italia,"  making  seven  steamers,  valued  at  half  a  mill- 
ion dollars  each,  which  will  constitute  what  may  be  called  a  palace  ferry  across 
the  Atlantic,  quite  superior  to  any  line  of  vessels  that  has  yet  connected  Europe 
and  America. 

We  steamed  down  the  bay  on  this  gorgeous  ocean-barge,  the  "  California," 
saluted  by  guns  from  vessels  of  other  lines  lying  at  their  respective  piers,  ami 
returning  their  compliments  with  our  own  ringing  brass  howitzers — twenty-four 
pounders.  Scarcely  a  vessel,  at  the  piers  or  at  anchor,  failed  to  "  dip "  its 
colors  to  us  as  we  sped  past  them,  which  kept  our  own  profusion  of  bunting 
bobbing  up  and  down  at  the  trucks  until  we  had  passed  out  at  the  Narrows. 
And  the  officers  and  sailors  of  the  men-of-war  peered  through  the  ports,  leaned 
over  the  taffrail,  and  crowded  up  on  the  hammock  netting,  to  see  this  figure  of 
beauty  part  the  smooth  waters  of  the  bay  on  that  mild,  azure  morning. 

And  now  we  shot  out  over  the  open  sea.  The  white  light-house  on  Fire 
Island  head  became  a  speck  behind  us ;  the  grim  headland  of  Navesink  van- 
ished in  the  thin  haze  of  the  horizon  astern.  The  peeple  on  board  were  as  a 
company  that  had  always  been  acquainted;  vigorous  conversations  and  woman's 
pleasant  babbling,  gay  promenades  on  the  long  sweep  of  deck,  music  by  an 
orchestral  band  from  one  of  the  theatres,  romping  fun  and  innocent  hilarity, 
were  the  prevalent  influences  throughout  the  vast  vessel ;  and  prominent  among 
the  moving  spirits  of  all  this  social  enjoyment  were  the  agent  himself,  Mr.  Hen- 
derson, the  gallant  Captain  Craig,  in  command,  and  his  estimable  first  officer, 
whose  name  also  is  Craig,  Chief-Engineer  McFarland,  Dr.  Murdoch,  the  ship's 
surgeon,  the  purser,  Mr.  Brycc,  and  other  officers  whose  names  I  do  not  recall. 

The  surface  of  the  sea  was  smooth  as  glass ;  but  a  long,  undulating  swell 
was  lazily  rising  and  falling.  I  leaned  over  the  bow  and  watched  these  enor- 
mous glassy  hills  of  liquid,  as  they  rose  against  the  stately  ship,  up,  up,  up,  the 
sharp  cut-water  swiftly  parting  them  into  a  fine,  champagne  effervescence  that 
rushed  along'the  sides  of  the  ship  ;  then  the  water  shrank  away  from  before  the 
prow,  which  still  shot  steadily  on  through  a  vast,  dizzying  hollow,  and  you 
could  look  down  the  cut-water  to  where  it  curved  to  the  keel. 

There  was  not  the  least  rolling  movement  of  the  vessel  discernible,  ner  re- 
markable breadth  of  beam,  40i  feet,  makes  her  as  steady  a  vessel  as  floats.  Fore 
and  aft,  that  is,  lengthwise,  there  was  some  little  deck  slant,  changing  slowly 
from  one  direction  to  the  other;  it  could  not  be  otherwise,  even  though  the 
ship  were  a  mile  long,  running  at  a  right  angle  with  such  immense  swells.  But 
the  bearings  of  this  vessel  arc  so  true  and  symmetrical,  that  she  is  a  wonder- 
fully easy  ship,  conforming  to  the  unevenness  of  the  sea  with  such  deliberate 
ease  as  to  keep  every  one's  stomach  "  on  even  keel  " — unless  the  stomach  has 
to  contend  with  too  many  indiscretions  on  the  part  of  its  owner. 

When  the  ladies  and  gentlemen  were  summoned  to  the  grand  saloon,  to  sit 


30 


THE  A  Xcilon  LINE  OF  STEAMERS. 


at  such  tables  ami  such  a  feast  as  mortal  eyes  seldom  behold,  not  a  person  of 
tho  party  was  reported  absent.  But  to  describe  the  richness  and  abundance  of 
this  dinner,  tho  taste  with  which  the  tables  were  spread  and  decorated,  the  per- 
fect order  and  dispatch  of  the  serving,  tho  hypornectarious  delicacy  of  tho 
w  ines,  tho  graceful  geniality  of  Captain  Craig  and  his  officers,  and  tho  w  ild 
Hashes  of  meteoric  wit  in  toasts  and  impromptu  talks,  all  so  perfectly  satisfying 
to  soul  and  body— to  tell  of  all  this,  I  say,  so  as  to  represent  it  in  the  color  and 
tone  of  its  enjoyment,  would  almost  need  the  pen  of  a  Dickens.  It  seemed  as 
if  we  had  left  tho  world  and  were  floating  toward  realms  of  pantbeonic  sensi- 
bilities. The  steward  of  that  ship — or  the  chief  cook  (I  "forget"  the  French 
for  it) — or  whoever  was  tho  gastronoinical  master-spirit  of  that  banquet,  might 
have  been  a  Soycr  on  Mount  Olympus,  and  must  have  gathered  his  viands  from 
the  very  land  of  Cocain. 

The  grand  saloon  of  tho  "  California"  is  of  lordly  dimensions,  and  finished 
with  such  delicate  elegance  as  my  eyes  never  before  rested  upon  in  any  steamer. 
The  panelling  is  in  polished  teak,  inlaid  with  rich  and  rare  while  woods,  adorned 
with  choice  carving  and  gold.  .  .  .  But  again  I  must  cut  short  an  attempt  at 
description.    The  beauty  of  the  interior  of  tho  vessel  throughout  matches  it  well. 

Tho  state-rooms  are  spacious  and  airy,  each  possessing  every  convenience 
known  to  the  rooms  of  a  first-class  hotel — electric  bell  and  all.  Two  large  bath- 
rooms are  on  each  side  of  tho  vessel.  In  short,  tho  passenger  accommodations 
of  tlie  "  California"  leave  nothing  to  be  desired  or  thought  of.  .... 

We  returned  to  the  pier  at  1  o'clock  in  the  afternoon,  and  all  on  board 
marked  down  in  their  memories  one  more  perfect  day  in  addition  to  those  they 
may  have  already  recorded. — A.  C. —  Grand  Rapids  (  Wis.)  Eagle,  Avgust  29, 1872. 

The  Anchor  Line  Excursion.- 

One  of  the  events  of  the  season  was  the  lato  agents'  excursion  on  board  the 
fine  new  steamship  "California,"  of  The  Anciioii  Line,  which  took  place  down 
New  York  Bay  on  the  14th  inst.  The  "California"  is  the  latest  addition  to 
this  popular  lino  of  ocean-steamers,  and  she  was  comfortably  crowded  with  a 
select  party  of  invited  guests,  all  of  whom  united  in  praise  of  the  new  steamer, 
her  perfect  appointments  for  the  comfort  of  passengers,  the  able  manner  in 
which  she  is  officered,  etc.  The  affair,  from  beginning  to  end,  passed  off  pleas- 
antly, and  was  voted  a  very  complete  succcbs. 

After  dinner,  which  consisted  of  ten  courses,  toasts  were  in  order,  and  re- 
sponses were  given,  among  others,  by  General  Lew  Wallace,  James  Warrack, 
Esq.,  Dr.  Van  dor  Pool,  etc. 

As  above  stated,  the  "California"  is  the  latest  addition,  and  we  might  add 
the  crowning  glory  of  The  Anchor  Line.  She  is  the  newest  of  a  fleet  of  forty- 
six  steamers  now  owned  by  the  line,  and  probably  there  is  no  finer  vessel 

afloat  She  is  a  splendid  specimen  of  naval  architecture,  strong, 

staunch,  and  in  every  particular  adapted  to  the  Transatlantic  trade.  At  tho 
banquet  given  on  board,  a  gentleman  remarked:  "  The  1  California'  is,  I  be- 
lieve, tho  eureka  of  the  Atlantic  fleet." — Chicago  Advance,  August  29,  1872. 

The  Anchor  Line  of  steamships,  between  New  York  and  Glasgow,  has  been  so 
successful  that  it  has  been  enabled  this  year  to  add  three  new  steamers  to  its  fleet. 
On  the  arrival  of  the  last  addition,  the  "  California,"  at  New  York,  she  was  in- 
spected by  a  company  of  invited  guests,  including  the  agents  for  the  line  through- 
out the  United  States.  An  excursion  was  had  to  Long  Branch  and  return.  A 
Cincinnatian,  who  was  one  of  the  party,  writing  to  Messrs.  Bcpler  &  Co.,  the 
agents  in  this  city,  expressed  his  strong  admiration  of  the  arrangements  of  the 
vessel,  and  especially  of  the  finishing  of  the  cabin. — Cincinnati  GazettCf  August 
29,  1872. 

The  Anchor  Line. 

On  the  29th  day  of  July  wc  received  an  invitation  to  bo  present  at  an  excur- 
sion down  New  York  Bay,  on  the  new  steamship  of  The  Anchor  Line,  "  Cali- 
fornia." The  excursion  came  off  on  the  14th  day  of  August,  and,  from  what  wo 
can  learn  of  the  affair,  it  was  the  grandest  that  ever  American  genius  conceived 
and  executed.  Tho  bill  of  fare  shows  that  nothing  was  omitted  that  could 
cater  to  the  most  epicurean  taste,  while  the  list  of  toasts  show  a  flow  of  soul 
worthy  the  occasion.  The  "  California  "  is  a  new  ship,  of  the  famous  Anchor 
Line,  of  Ilandysidc  &  Henderson,  of  Glasgow.  It  is  put  down  as  the  finest  ship 
that  ever  touched  American  waters,  and,  in  fact,  tho  line  of  which  it  is  a  member 
is  conceded  to  be  ahead,  in  point  of  accommodations  for  passengers,  and  in  point 
also  of  safety,  of  all  the  lines  of  foreign  steamers.  The  Anchor  Line  has  agen- 
cies in  all  the  prominent  cities,  though  wo  have  not  the  name  of  tho  Apploton 
agent.  To  those  who  contemplate  trips  to  Europe,  wc  by  all  means  advise  a 
counsel  with  Henderson  Brothers,  agents,  324  Wabash  Avenue,  Chicago,  who 
will  furnish  all  data  and  circulars  of  intelligence,  regarding  passage,  etc. — Apple- 
ton  City  (  Wis.)  Times,  August  29,  1S72. 

The  New  Anchor  Line  Steamer  "California." 

On  the  14th  inst.  The  Anchor  Line  Steamship  Company  celebrated  the 
completion  of  their  magnificent  steamship  "  California"  by  an  excursion  on  the 
samo  down  the  bay.  W o  received  an  invitation  to  attend,  but  the  distance 
being  so  groat  wo  were  obliged  to  forego  the  pleasure.  The  affair  proved  a  grand 
success  


Tho  "  California"  is  well  proportioned  in  its  entire  make-up.  It  has  a  great 
many  conveniences  on  deck,  both  for  the  benefit  of  the  seamen  and  comfort  of 
the  passengers,  which  are  entirely  new.  The  grand  saloon  extends  across  tho 
vessel  from  side  to  side,  and  is  an  imposing  apartment,  not  equalled  by  the 
saloon  of  any  foreign  steamer  coming  to  the  port  of  Now  York  

Tho  second  cabin  is  remarkably  neat  also,  but  it  would  take  a  small  volume 
to  go  over  ia  details  all  the  points  connected  with  this  clef  d' 'autre.  The  Anchor 
Line  Company  arc  justly  proud  of  their  new  steamship. — Lawrence  {Kansas)  Tri- 
bune, Avgust  29,  1872. 

Probably  the  most  complete  and  sumptuous  in  its  appointments  and  equipage, 
alike  in  repect  to  speed,  convenience,  and  safety,  of  all  the  ocean-steamers  now 
afloat,  is  the  new  steamship  "  California,"  of  tho  famous  Anchor  Line.  The  ac- 
commodations and  sailing  qualities  of  the  great  steamer  were  tested  recently  by 
a  grand  excursion  down  New  York  Bay,  winding  up  with  a  banquet  given  by  tho 
agents  of  The  Anchor  Line.  Judging  from  the  reports  of  parties  who  partici- 
pated in  it,  tho  affair  must  have  been  cnjoyablo  iu  tho  highest  degree.  Tho 
"  California"  plies  between  New  York  and  Glasgow,  is  a  Scotch-built  vessel,  the 
last  of  the  forty-six  which  have  been  built  for  The  Anchor  Line  in  fifteen 
years,  and  is  designed  as  the  avant  courrier  of  a  fleet  of  vessels  for  this  line  of 
a  new  and  improved  typo,  and  is  finished  throughout  in  the  most  elegant  and 
substantial  manner.  Her  two  principal  engines  are  of  1,047  horse-power,  and, 
while  her  beautiful  model  renders  her  capable  of  great  speed,  her  unusual 
breadth  of  beam  makes  her  a  very  safe  and  easy  vessel  at  sea.  It  is  a  remark- 
able fact  that  no  serious  accident  has  ever  befallen  any  of  the  great  steamers  of 
The  Anchor  Line  ;  and  tho  skill  and  watchfulness  of  their  captains  have  be- 
come well  known  among  all  who  "  go  down  to  the  sea  in  ships  and  do  business 
upon  the  great  deep." —  Winona  (Minn.)  Republican,  August  30,  1872. 

The  Jolly  Anchorite3. 

The  agents  of  The  Anchor  Line  of  steamships,  the  Messrs.  Henderson 
Brothers,  of  New  York,  are  to  be  congratulated  on  the  success  which  their  active 
energy  battled  for  and  gained.  In  18G3  the  line  consisted  of  only  three  steamers, 
and  now  it  comprises  thirty-six  of  the  finest  vessels  that  ply  the  Atlantic.  In 
their  circulars  to  their  agents  they  always  speak  as  though  those  who  are  acting 
for  them  throughout  the  country  were  of  one  family.  No  orders  are  issued,  al- 
ways suggestions. 

So,  loo,  of  the  almost  countless  stream  of  passengers  who  yearly  cross  the 
Atlantic  for  business  or  pleasure.  They  are  taken  on  board  The  Anchor  Line 
ocean  palaces,  and  cared  for  by  the  officers  of  each  vessel  as  a  kind  protector 
cares  for  those  placed  in  his  charge.  None  but  the  best  men  that  can  be  obtained 
are  allowed  to  have  a  voice  in  controlling  an  Anchor  Line  steamship,  and  conse- 
quently passengers  arc  assured  of  receiving  kindness  and  courtesy  from  the 
officers  and  men.  The  steamship  "California"  is  one  of  the  newest  vessels 
built  for  this  line,  and  if  our  space  permitted  wc  would  give  a  description  of  this 
magnificent  vessel. 

Some  three  or  four  weeks  ago  we  received  an  invitation  from  the  Messrs. 
Henderson  Brothers  to  be  among  the  gentlemen  w  ho  were  invited  to  take  an  ex- 
cursion on  this  vessel,  from  the  company's  wharf  in  New  York,  down  the  bay  as 
far  as  Long  Branch. 

The  "  California,"  with  its  teeming  complement  of  smiling  pleasure-seekers, 
started  as  announced,  on  the  14th  of  this  month,  but,  "lack-a-day,"  we  were 
not  there.  Wc  are  on  a  treadmill,  so  to  speak,  and  must  of  necessity  take  a 
certain  number  of  steps  daily,  in  order  that  our  little  Journal  may  regularly  be 
presented  to  its  readers  in  an  interesting  form,  as  to  its  reading  matter.  So  of 
course  wc  were  compelled  to  forego  our  share  of  the  pleasure  that  was  so  kindly 
tendered  to  us. 

We  have,  however,  received  all  the  particulars  of  the  trip,  together  with  the 
bills  of  fare,  which  are  a  model  of  typography,  and  do  credit  alike  to  the  work- 
men and  the  Messrs.  Henderson  Brothers. — New  Britain  Journal,  AuguslSO,  1872. 

The  Anchor  Line  Steamers. 

The  new  Anchor  Line  steamer  "California"  took  a  large  party  of  invited 
guests  on  a  delightful  trip  down  New  York  Harbor  last  week.  The  entertain- 
ment was  given  for  the  purpose  of  showing  a  model  steamer  of  The  Anchor 
Line,  and  it  will  be  difficult  to  find  a  vessel  in  the  European  service  with  more 
comforts  and  luxuries  than  this  new  steamer.  She  is  the  first  of  a  fleet  of  seven 
new  vessels  intended  for  the  Atlantic  trade,  all  of  which  will  soon  be  in  service. 
Tho  Boston  agents  of  The  Anchor  Line  are  Messrs.  C.  L.  Bartlctt  &  Co.,  of  1G 
Broad  Street,  who  will  furnish  full  information  and  pamphlets  of  The  European 
Tour  at  their  office.— Boston  Tost,  August  29,  1S72. 

The  Anchor  Lin3  Excursion. 

Friend  Hicks:  Yours  truly,  with  about  five  hundred  other  agents  of  The 
Anchor  Line,  accepted  the  invitation  of  Messrs.  Henderson  Brothers,  to  par- 
ticipate in  an  excursion  to  Long  Branch  on  the  14th  inst.,  on  tho  steamer  "  Cali- 
fornia ;  "  and  I  will  give  you  a  short  description  of  the  trip,  the  steamer,  and  the 
Line.  After  partaking  of  a  substantial  breakfast  on  the  "  Trinacria,"  at  Pier  £0, 
wc  went  on  board  the  "  California,"  and  wore  soon  under  way  down  tho  harbor, 
exchanging  salutes  with  steamers  and  forts,  attracting  the  attention  of  thousands 
by  the  report  of  the  cannon,  the  music  of  Grafulla's  Seventh  Regiment  Band, 


THE  AN C  110 It  LINE  OF  STEAMERS. 


31 


the  flags  anil  streamers  with  which  the  "California"  was  literally  covered,  and 
the  mass  of  ladies  and  gentlemen  seated  under  an  awning  covering  the  spacious 
deck.  Ample  arrangmeiits  had  been  made  to  quench  the  thirst  of  the  guests, 
and  it  is  sufficient  to  say  that  they  were  not  slighted.  At  tw  o  o'clock  (oft'  Long 
Branch)  five  hundred  people  gathered  around  the  tables  in  the  main  saloon,  and 
did  ample  justice  to  the  most  sumptuous  dinner  I  ever  sat  down  to.  After  the 
tables  were  cleared,  toasts  and  speeches  were  the  order  of  the  day,  till  amid 
cheers  and  music  we  reached  the  wharf  at  8  p.  sr.,  feeling  that  wc  had  enjoyed 
the  day  hugely,  and  the  hospitality  of  as  noble-hearted  gentlemen  as  ever  trod 
a  ship's  deck.  Not  only  was  every  thing  lavishly  bestowed,  including  ices  and 
fruits  of  all  kinds,  but  expenses  of  the  guests  from  home  and  return  are  gener- 
ously refunded. 

Tho  "  California "  is  the  first  of  seven  Clyde-built  iron  steamers  of  about 
4,000  tons,  neaily  400  feet  in  length,  40  feet  beam,  and  has  accommodation  for 
over  1,000  passengers.  The  grand  saloon  is  spacious  and  attractive,  being  fin- 
ished in  polished  teak,  relieved  with  rich  white  wood  mouldings.  The  ctFect  is 
beautiful ;  upholstery  adds  to  the  Wut-ensemlle  ;  mirrors  grace  the  side ;  silver 
chandeliers  drop  from  the  frescoed  ceiling ;  the  panelling  is  in  teak,  adorned 
with  choice  carving  and  gold.  The  state-rooms  are  large,  light,  and  airy,  with 
sliding  doors,  and  provided  with  porcelain-stand  tops,  and  bowls,  swinging  mir- 
rors, brush  and  tumbler  racks,  bell,  and  rich  carpet.  She  has  two  Compound 
vertical  engines,  and  together  send  her  through  the  water  very  rapidly.  Their 
rates  of  passage  are  moderate,  their  steamers  equal  at  least  to  those  of  any  other 
line.  And  as  they  are  gentlemen,  they  have  none  but  gentlemen  officers  on 
their  ships.  Now,  all  that  remains  to  be  said  is,  that  if  you  want  any  more  evi- 
dence of  the  superiority  of  The  Anchor  Line,  just  apply  to  me  for  dead-head 
excursion  ticket  from  New  York  to  any  part  in  Europe  and  back. 

Yours  truly,  P.  D.  Penny. 

— Putnam  Count)/  Monitor,  August  30,  1872. 

The  "  California's  "  Excursion. 

The  Messrs.  Henderson  Brothers'  invitation  to  their  agents,  for  an  excursion 
to  Long  Branch  on  the  14th  inst.,  in  their  new  and  magnificent  steamship  "  Cali- 
fornia," was  availed  of  by  neaily  every  one  invited.  The  press  of  this  city  was 
largely  represented,  and  many  ladies  graced  the  occasion  with  their  "smiling 
presence.  After  leaving  TnE  Anchor  Line  dock,  at  11  a.  m.,  Grafulla's  band 
struck  up  the  international  airs,  and  at  the  same  time  the  "  Trinacria,"  of  the 
same  line,  which  was  just  about  starting  with  a  large  number  of  passengers, 
fired  a  salute,  which  was  returned  by  the  "  California." 

Dancing  was  then  commenced,  and  was  kept  up  till  3  p.  m.,  when  dinner  was 
served  in  the  steerage  compartment,  which  was  tastefully  decorated  for  the  oc- 
casion, after  which  the  company  retired  to  the  main  saloon,  where  the  gentle- 
manly manager  of  the  line,  Mr.  Francis  MacDonald,  took  the  chair  and  an- 
nounced a  series  of  toasts,  which  were  ably  responded  to  amid  the  tumult  of 
snapping  champagne-corks. 

Mr.  Lamont,  the  polite  manager  of  the  passenger  department,  called  atten- 
tion to  the  fact  that  there  was  just  the  same  number  cf  guests  present,  as  there 
were  days  in  the  year,  and  Mr.  Henderson  informed  your  reporter  that  his  atten- 
tion had  just  been  called  to  the  fact  that  they  had  the  same  number  of  steamers 
plying  between  this  and  the  ports  of  Ireland  and  Scotland,  as  there  were  States 
in  the  Union. 

The  party  returned  to  the  city  about  8  p.  si.,  all  well  pleased  with  the  trip, 
and  the  more  so  because  nothing  transpired  to  mar  the  harmony  of  the  most 
novel  and  greatest  excursion  (with  the  exception  of  one  of  the  "  Great  Eastern" 
some  time  ago)  that  ever  took  place  from  New  York. 

Wo  have  already  given  a  full  and  accurate  description  of  this  splendid  steam- 
ship. The  appointments,  both  in  the  cabin  and  steerage,  are  all  as  perfect  as 
possible.  Nothing  seems  to  be  wanting,  and  we  wish  the  "  California  "  a  hearty 
God-speed,  and  her  enterprising  owners  a  long  and  prosperous  career. — Irish 
People,  August  31,  1S72. 

The  Anshor  Line. 

"We  have  before  us  the  bill  of  fare,  programme  of  toasts  and  several  other 
items  concerning  the  great  excursion  given  to  the  agents  of  The  Anchor  Line, 
on  the  splendid  steamship  "  California,"  which  took  place  on  the  14th  instant. 

Five  hundred  persons  were  on  board,  among  whom  were  our  friends  Mr. 
James  McDermott,  of  the  Irish  People,  Mr.  John  Locke,  of  the  Celtic  Weekly, 
and  Mr.  Stephen  Hays,  of  the  N'ew  Yorh  Herald.  Messrs.  Locke  and  McDer- 
mott, we  are  informed,  were  the  jolliest  fellows  on  board— real  Irishmen,  but 
the  most  Scotch  on  board,  for  they  sang  Scotch  songs  and  danced  more  Scot- 
tishly  than  all  the  Anchorites. 

A  clerk  in  the  house  of  Henderson  Brothers  spske  to  our  reporter  thus,  in 
relation  to  the  jolly  pair  :  "  You  see  they  are  Scotchmen,  anH  like  Scotchmen 
they  will  be  merry."  We  arc  glad  of  the  honors  won  by  our  two  friends,  and 
we  are  especially  obliged  to  them  for  their  kind  expressions  regarding  ourselves. 

Our  New  York  friends  will  accept  our  thankful  acknowledgements  for  the 
good  wishes  expressed  to  our  friend  D.  A.  Brosnan,  Esq.,  of  us.—  Washington 
Irish  R--puhlic,  August,  1872. 


Wc  have  received  a  very  interesting  litlle  pamphlet,  containing  a  sketch  of 
a  short  trip  to  Europe,  entitled  "  A  Twelve  Days'  Tour  in  Scotland,"  giving  a  list 
of  the  principal  places  tourists  should  visit  when  making  the  trip,  and  furnish- 
ing many  valuable  suggestions  to  those  contemplating  the  "European  Tour." 
The  low  price  of  passage  tickets  by  The  Anchor  Line,  viz.,  §120  currency  for 
the  round  trip,  giving  many  an  opportunity  of  visiting  the  Old  World  that  has 
never  beforo  been  presented  by  any  other  line  of  ocean-stcamcrs.  This  line  is 
continually  adding  new  steamers  to  its  already  extensive  fleet. 

Our  townsman,  W.  B.  Bcnsinger,  Esq.,  who  is  agent  for  the  company,  has 
just  returned,  with  Mrs.  Bcnsinger,  from  a  trip  in  the  steamer  "  California." 
This  is  a  beautiful  steamship,  the  arrangements  in  the  interior  of  the  vessel  be- 
ing very  fine.  The  state-rooms  are  light  and  airy,  large  lavatories  arc  provided 
for  both  ladies  and  gentlemen  ;  the  ladies'  boudoir  is  a  perfect  gem  of  a  place, 
decorated  in  sea-green  tints,  dotted  and  striped  with  gold,  with  delicate  little 
birds  perched  in  the  centre  of  each  broad  panel.  A  rich  buffet  and  mirror,  and 
silvered  trimmings  on  every  side,  make  it  a  charming  retreat  for  the  gentle  sex. 

The  vessel  is  a  fine  specimen  of  naval  architecture,  strong,  staunch,  and  well 
.fitted  for  the  Transatlantic  passenger  trade.  She  has  accommodations  forlSOfirst- 
class  and  900  steerage  passengers.  Mr.  Bcnsinger  is  enthusiastic  in  his  praise 
of  this  steamer,  the  excellent  management  and  the  generous  liberality  of  the 
company. — Tcmaqua  (ita.)  Courier,  August  31,  1872. 

Anchor  Line  of  Transatlantic  Steamships. 

The  trade  between  America  and  Europe  is  more  important  than  that  between 
any  other  two  continents.  Of  this  trade  the  United  States  has  by  far  the  largest 
share.  Her  ships  plough  every  sea  in  the  world,  and  upon  the  Atlantic  her  sails 
ale  more  frequent  than  those  of  any  other  nation  except  England.  Lines  of 
ocean-steamers  ply  regularly  between  the  United  States  and  England,  carryiug 
the  richest  merchandise,  England  selling  us  the  products  of  her  manufactories 
in  exchange  for  the  products  of  our  fertile  land.  From  the  different  sections  of 
the  Union,  grain  is  shipped  to  supply  the  teeming  millions  of  Europe,  and  from 
no  city  is  there  more  shipped  than  Chicago.  Her  enterprising  merchants  send 
out  their  own  ships  upon  the  broad  ocean  to  convey  their  merchandise.  Of  these 
none  are  more  enterprising  than  the  firm  owning  the  magnificent  line  of  steam- 
ships known  as  The  Anchor  Line.  The  number  has  been  continually  increased  . 
as  the  exigencies  of  the  trade  required,  until  now  The  Anchor  Line  is  one  of 
the  most  important  in  the  country.  Only  lately  they  have  added  to  their  list 
of  steam-packet  ships  a  first-class  vessel,  named  the  "  California."  She  made 
her  trial-trip  recently  down  the  New  York  Bay,  having  on  board  a  very  pleasant 
company,  who  enjoyed  themselves  as  pleasantly  as  if  on  shore.  A  magnificent 
diuuer  was  served  in  the  main  cabin,  toasts  were  proposed  and  drunk,  and 
every  thing  passed  off  as  agreeably  and  pleasantly  as  could  be  desired  by  the 
most  sanguine  friends  of  the  company.  The  most  satisfactory  result  of  the  trip, 
however,  was  the  test  of  tho  vessel's  sea-going  qualities,  which  were  found  to 
be  fully  up  to  what  had  been  expected  of  her  by  her  owners,  and  promised  by 
her  makers.  Her  performance  during  the  trip  left  nothing  more  to  be  desired, 
and  impressed  all  with  the  belief  that  she  is  a  thoroughly  safe  ocean-ship.  Wc 
congratulate  Henderson  Brothers  upon  their  new  acquisition,  and  bust  that  TnE 
ANcnoR  Line  of  Transatlantic  steam-paeket  ships  will  bring  abradant  success 
to  their  owners. — Lixington  {Ky.)  Press,  August  31, 1872. 

The  Anchor  Line  Excursion. 

On  one  of  the  most  delightful  days  of  the  present  month,  Wednesday,  tho 
14th  instant,  the  Messrs.  Henderson,  of  The  Anchor  Line,  gave  an  excursion 
in  honor  of  the  representatives  of  that  line  in  the  United  States.  After  a  sump- 
tuous breakfast  given  to  the  guests  on  the  steamer  "  Trinacria,"  at  The  Anchor 
Lixe  pier,  No.  20  North  Kiver,  and  an  inspection  of  that  vessel,  we  were  es- 
corted to  the-  splendid  steamer  "  California,"  the  latest  addition  to  their  fleet, 
and  which  at  her  sister  pier  looked  down  kindly  on  the  first-named  steamer, 
already  heavily  laden  and  so  soon  to  sail  for  Glasgow.  A  large  company  of 
guests,  among  whom  we  recognized  ladies  and  gentlemen  from  distant  cities, 
had  already  arrived,  and  a  few  moments  later  we  were  moving  down  the  Bay, 
saluting  and  being  saluted  by  the  various  vessels  in  port  and  in  full  enjoyment 
of  a  sail  oceanward,  the  route  being  a  trip  to  Long  Branch  and  return. 

The  voyage  down  the  bay  was  delightfully  pleasant,  and  the  fine  music  of 
Grafulla's  Seventh  Eegiment  Band  highly  entertaining.  A  splendid  lunch  was 
served  ad  libitum  in  the  saloons  of  the  steamer,  to  which  the  company  paid  spe- 
cial attention. 

At  2  o'clock  p.  it.,  Long  Branch  was  reached,  and,  after  saluting  the  residents 
thereof,  our  good  vessel  started  on  the  homeward  course.  Dinner  was  then 
served  in  the  saloon  "  between-decks,"  which  had  been  especially  decorated  for 
the  occasion." 

The  steward,  Mr.  Nathl.  Stockdalc,  and  his  assistants,  are  entitled  to  great 
praise  for  their  very  handsome  decoration  of  the  tables,  which  literally  groaned 
beneath  the  weight  of  the  delicacies  displayed  to  tempt  the  palates  of  "  the 
jolly  Anchorites,"  who  to  the  number  of  nearly  six  hundred  w  ere  thus  enter- 
tained. 

Dinner  ended,  the  party  returned  to  the  cabin,  where  speeches  appropriate 


32 


THE  ANCHOR  LINK  OF  STEAMERS. 


to  the  occasion  wi  re  made  by  gentlemen  of  prominence  connected  with  the 

proas,  the  legal  fraternity,  and  the  shipping  interest  The  resident  manager, 
Francis  MacDonald,  Esq.,  presided  on  this  occasion  in  his  usual  felicitous  man- 
ner, and  to  his  excellent  management,  ably  seconded  by  Messrs.  Henderson, 
Lamont,  nnd  Lucas,  the  success  of  the  trip  was  due  in  large  measure.  Captain 
Craig  und  the  other  officers  were  zealous  iu  their  efforts  to  make  all  feci  "  at 
home  "  while  on  hoard,  and  all  interested  in  the  management  of  the  excursion 
have  our  thanks  for  courtesies. 

The  "California"  is  one  of  the  handsomest  vessels  sailing  from  this  port. 
Built  staunch  and  strong,  her  every  detail  in  perfection  of  seaworthiness  has  been 
carefully  looked  after,  while  in  model  and  artistic  finish  she  is  almost  unrivalled. 
The  saloon  and  cabin  accommodations  of  this  splendid  steamer  arc  really  su- 
perb. Fitted  throughout  with  the  most  elaborate  appliances  that  art  suggests, 
or  that  mechanical  skill  can  contrive,  there  seems  absolutely  nothing  wanting 
cither  in  this  department  or  in  other  portions  of  the  ship.  All  of  the  quarters 
devoted  to  officers  and  crew  arc  especially  arranged  witli  regard  to  their  com- 
fort, while  in  the  mechanical  details  nothing  has  been  left  undone  to  render  the 
vessel  as  safe  as  any  that  crosses  the  Atlantic. 

We  regret  that  lack  of  space  will  not  admit  of  a  more  general  description  of 
the  vessel,  but,  from  special  inspection  of  every  department  of  the  steamer,  we 
can  speak  in  the  highest  terms  of  all  that  has  been  written  in  regard  thereto. 

No  accident  occurred  to  mar  the  pleasure  of  the  voyage,  and  shortly  after 
7  p.  M.,  the  good  ship  landed  us  safely  at  her  New  York  pier,  where  with  ring- 
ing cheers  for  Captain  Craig  and  his  associate  officers,  for  the  ship  "  California," 
nnd  The  Anchor  Line,  the  guests  departed,  highly  gratified  with  the  day's 
pleasure. — [Ed.  Chronicle.] — Neioburg  (A7".  Y)  Chronicle,  August  31,  1872. 

Anchor  Line  Steamers. 

The  Anchor  Line  Steamship  Co.  gave  an  excursion  to  about  six  hundred 
of  their  agents  with  their  friends  on  the  14th  inst.,  on  their  new  steamer  "  Cali- 
fornia." The  "  California  "  is  a  very  finely-built  vessel,  about  four  hundred  feet 
long,  and  fitted  up  with  all  the  convenience  of  a  first-class  hotel.  The  vessel 
sailed  from  their  wharf  at  11  a.  it.,  and  went  as  far  as  Long  Branch,  and  returned 
about  7  p.  ir.  The  day  was  delightful  and  the  breeze  pleasant,  and  was  a  rich 
treat  to  all  on  board.  The  guests  we're  provided  with  breakfast  on  the  steamer 
•"  Trinneria"  at  9  o'clock,  and  with  dinner  on  the  "California."  The  dining- 
saloon,  which  was  about  one  hundred  feet  long,  was  furnished  with  five  tables 
the  entire  length,  which  were  loaded  with  all  the  luxuries  the  market  affords — in 
fact,  the  guests  fared  sumptuously.  It  was  a  rich  treat  to  all,  and  the  kindness 
of  the  Messrs.  Henderson  Brothers,  the  proprietors  of  the  line,  and  of  Messrs. 
MacDonald  and  Lamont,  their  agents,  will  never  be  forgotten.  No  pains  or  expense 
wore  spared  to  make  the  trip  comfortable  and  pleasant.  These  vessels  sail  twice 
a  week  between  New  York  and  Glasgow  and  carry  passengers  to  and  from  all 
parts  of  England,  Ireland,  Wales,  Scotland,  and  the  Continent,  at  less  cost  than 
any  other  first-class  line  of  steamers. 

Mr.  David  Phillips,  of  this  place,  is  their  agent,  and  will  give  any  information 
concerning  them,  and  will  be  pleased  to  book  passengers  to  or  from  any  of  the 
•     above-named  places. — Mahanoy  Valley  (Pa.)  Record,  August  31,  1872. 

An  Elegant  Trip— The  Anchor  Line. 

We  regret  that  press  of  business  precluded  us  from  joining  the  excursion 
party  given  by  the  celebrated  Anchor  Steamship  Line,  in  New  York  Bay,  on 
the  14th  inst.  The  trip  was  made  on  board  the  "  California,"  one  of  the  finest 
iron  screw-steamers  ever  built.  She  is  said  to  be  the  best  fitted  and  furnished 
vessel  that  sails  from  New  York.  Among  the  other  luxuries  to  be  found  in  the 
cabins  of  this  magnificent  specimen  of  naval  architecture,  there  may  be  found 
splendid  mirrors,  a  well-selected  library,  and  a  fine  piano.    The  excursionists 

were  elegantly  entertained,  and  among  the  guests  were  ' 

All  the  New  York  dailies  sent  representatives.  During  the  trip  a  sumptuous 
banquet  was  spread,  and  the  following  toasts  proposed  and  responded  to : 


We  wish  the  new  steamship  many  a  hon  voyage. — Quincy  (III.)  Whig,  August 
31,  1872. 

A  Day  on  a  Ship. 

The  recant  excursion  on  the  "  California,"  the  newest  of  the  forty  steamships 
belonging  to  The  Anchor  Line,  was  ono  of  the  pleasantest  trips  ever  made  out 
of  New  York  harbor.  A  friend  who  was  present  says  nothing  like  it  lias  been 
known  there  for  many  years.  Some  two  thousand  invitations  had  been  issued 
to  agents  of  the  line,  journalists,  and  friends,  in  different  parts  of  the  country, 
and  about  six  hundred  persons  participated.  Tho  Gazette  was  represented  by 
proxy,  nnd  prox.  says  a  life  on  the  ocean  wave,  on  such  a  ship,  nnd  with  such  a 
party,  would  be  the  best  thing  imaginable  for  nn  indefinite  period.  Mr.  Francis 
MacDonald,  the  resident  partner  in  New  York  of  tho  Chicago  firm  of  Henderson 
Brothers,  was  the  chief  manager  of  the  excursion — and  he  made  just  the  success 
of  it  he  makes  with  every  thing  he  has  charge  of.  Well,  the  cannon  thundered 
ns  the  grand  ship,  decorated  from  masthead  to  deck  with  English  and  American 
flags  and  signal-pennants,  moved  down  the  bay.  The  guests  had  free  range  of 
the  steamer  from  hold  to  upper  duck,  and  free  access  to  viands,  too.    T  ie 


steamer  went  ns  far  as  Long  Branch,  and  fired  a  salute  when  off  President  Grant's 
cottage.  Tho  dinner  came — and  it  was  the  perfection  of  victualling.  General 
Lew  Wallace,  Francis  MacDonald,  Vice-Consul  Warraek,  Dr.  Van  dcr  Poel, 
Erastus  Brooks,  nnd  others,  responded  to  toasts.  It  was  a  gay  dinner-party.  After 
dinner  there  was  a  ball  on  the  upper  deck.  The  voyage  back  to  New  York  was  as 
pleasant  as  the  "out"  trip. 

The  "  California"  is  a  model  steamer,  is  very  staunchly  built  and  finely  fin- 
ished ;  has  most  elegant  high  and  airy  cabins  nnd  saloons,  luxuriously  fitted  up ; 
commodious  nnd  well-appointed  state-rooms ;  has  admirable  arrangements  for 
ventilation  and  for  steering.  She  is  under  the  command  of  Captain  James 
Craig,  a  thorough  officer  and  a  true  gentleman,  nnd  we  commend  her  to  per- 
sons crossing  the  oeenn.  The  Anchor  Line  is  the  line  for  Atlantic  voyagers 
— there  is  no  doubt  of  it. — Davenport  (Iowa)  Gazette,  August  31,  1872. 

Anchor  Line  Steamers. 

Messrs.  Henderson  Brothers,  of  The  Anchor  Line  of  Steamships,  sailing 
between  New  York  and  Glasgow,  invited  thoir  agents  to  nn  excursion  on  their 
new  nnd  beautiful  steamer  "  California,"  on  the  14th  inst.  The  invitation  was 
accepted  by  nbout  six  hundred  of  their  agents  and  friends.  Mr.  David  Phillips, 
who  is  their  agent  here,  was  among  the  guests.  He  informs  us  that  the  excursion 
was  a  most  delightful  one.  They  left  New  York  at  11  o'clock  a.  m.,  and  pro- 
ceeded as  far  as  Long  Branch,  about  40  miles,  nnd  returned  at  7  P.  sr.  The  sea 
was  calm,  the  breeze  delightful,  and  was  enjoyed  by  all  on  board. 

The  "  California"  is  a  new  first-class  steamer,  about  400  feet  long,  admirably 
fitted,  with  all  the  comforts  and  conveniences  that  can  be  imagined.  The  party 
fared  sumptuously,  being  provided  with  all  the  luxuries  the  market  afforded. 

The  dining-saloon  was  arranged  with  five  tables  nearly  100  feet  long  ench, 
yet  all  could  not  be  accommodated  at  once. 

The  guests  were  treated  with  n  cordiality  and  kindness  that  will  never  bo 
forgotten  by  tho  many  agents,  with  their  friends,  who  were  on  board.  The 
Anchor  Line  Company  have  about  1,300  agents  in  this  country.  They  carry 
passengers  from  all  parts  of  England,  Wales,  Ireland,  Scotland,  und  the  Conti- 
nent, at  less  cost  than  any  other  first-class  line  of  steamers,  and  yet  their  com- 
fort and  accommodation  for  passengers  arc  second  to  no  other  line.  Much  credit 
is  due  the  agents  of  Messrs.  Henderson  Bros.,  for  their  hospitality  and  gener- 
osity, and  those  enjoying  the  excursion  before  landing,  gave  three  rousing  cheers 
for  all  engaged  in  the  management  of  the  excursion. — Mahanoy  (Pa.)  Gazette, 
August  31,  1872. 

An  Elegant  Ocean-Steamer. 

One  of  the  most  memorable  excursions  of  this  season  of  "  dcad-hend"  rides 
wns  thnt  given  on  tho  14th  inst.,  down  New  York  Bay  by  Messrs.  Henderson 
Bros.,  proprietors  of  The  Anchor  Line  of  Ocean  Steamships.  Mr.  Francis 
MacDonald,  the  resident  partner  of  the  firm  above  mentioned  in  New  York  City, 
was  the  moving  spirit  in  the  happy  affair.  He  placed  at  the  disposal  of  tho 
excursionists,  about  COO  in  number,  the  elegant  new  steamer  "California,"  the 
latest  of  some  40  now  owned  by  that  line.  The  excursionists  included  among 
their  number,  James  Warraek,  Esq.,  British  vice-consul  of  this  city,  General 
Lew  Wallace,  Hon.  Erastus  Brooks,  Hon.  Henry  Nicol,  Captain  B.  S.  Osbon,  Dr. 
Van  der  Poel,  and  other  distinguished  gentlemen  and  ladies.  Off  Long  Branch 
tho  party  was  treated  to  a  superb  dinner  on  the  lower  deck,  the  bill  of  faro 
embracing  all  the  delicacies  of  the  season.  This  elegant  repast  wns  followed  by 
the  usual  happy  toasts  and  response's.  The  return  home  before  a  stiff  gale  was 
not  less  enjoyable  than  the  outward-bound  trip,  and  the  day  will  be  marked 
down  as  a  red-letter  one  on  the  tablets  of  memory  of  all  who  were  present.  The 
"  California"  is  an  iron  screw-steamer,  with  high  decks,  and  most  luxuriously- 
fitted  cabins.  It  is  now,  and  will  henceforth  be,  kept  in  the  Atlantic  carrying- 
trade  by  the  popular  Anchor  Line.  Its  cost  was  about  $700,000. — Chicago 
Times,  August  31,  1872. 

The  Anchor  Line  Excursion. 

We  acknowledge  the  receipt  of  an  invitation  to  the  excursion  recently  given 
by  The  Anchor  Line  from  New  York,  on  their  new  iron  steamship  "  Cali- 
fornia." The  pressure  of  other  duties  prevented  our  acceptance  of  the  invita- 
tion, which  we  regret  exceedingly,  ns  we  learn  from  friends  that  the  occasion 
wns  one  of  rare  interest.  The  Anchor  Line  is  one  of  the  most  popular  plying 
between  this  country  and  Europe,  and  the  steamship  "  California  "  is  the  first 
of  a  new  fleet  of  superior  excellence  building  for  the  American  trade ;  ami  her 
nppearancc  in  New  York  attracted  so  much  attention,  that  the  proprietors  of  the 
line  thought  it  advisable  to  give  her  a  formal  introduction  to  the  public  in  the 

shape  of  nn  excursion  to  the  prominent  points  around  New  York  

 She  is  finished  in  nn  elegant  manner,  nnd  every  thing  provided 

which  can  increase  the  comfort  nnd  insure  the  Safety  of  passengers ;  including 
smoking-rooms,  a  grand  saloon,  of  tho  whole  width  of  the  vessel,  40  by  45  feet, 
piano,  library,  electric  bells,  etc.  She  has  a  capacity  of  150  first-class  and  900 
steerage-passengers.  Her  great  breadth  of  beam  makes  her  an  unusually  safe 
and  easy  vessel  at  sea.  The  "  Victoria,"  another  steamer  of  similar  pattern,  has 
already  been  launched,  the  "Bolivia"  and  "Ethiopia"  are  well  advanced  in 
eoi  struction,  and  the  "  Utopia,"  "Castilia"  and  "Italia"  urc  on  the  frames,  so 


THE  ANCnOR  LINE  OF  STEAMERS. 


33 


that  shortly  The  Anchor  Line  will  have  seven  of  these  fine  steamers  in  this 
trade,  caeh  one  costing  about  half  a  million  dollars. 

The  excursion  was  numerously  attended,  and  proved  a  grand  success.  And 
it  could  not  have  well  been  otherwise  with  such  an  elegant  steamer,  select  com- 
pany, fine  music,  and  gorgeous  banquet,  with  its  toasts  and  good  cheer.— Ra- 
tional Line  Stock  Journal,  September,  1872. 

The  New  Ocean-Steamer  "  California." 

A  breakfast  on  board  the  "Trinacria,"  and  an  excursion  down  New  York 
Bay,  with  dinner  aboard  the  "  California"— to  both  of  which  The  Diocese  was 
favored  with  complimentary  invitations  —  were  given  by  Messrs.  Henderson 
Brothers,  the  proprietors  of  The  Anchor  Line,  to  their  agent3  and  invited 
guests,  on  the  14th  of  August  last.  The  occasion  was  a  most  enjoyable  one,  and 
the  banquet  every  thing  that  the  most  fastidious  taste  could  desire. 

It  is  of  the  ship  herself  rather  than  of  the  banquet  that  we  must  speak.  The 
dinner  i3  eaten,  and  the  trip  down  New  York  Bay  safely  and  pleasantly  ended, 
but  the  noble  vessel  remains,  a  floating  palace  ready  to  carry  thousands  of  pas- 
sengers in  safety  and  comfort  across  the  sea. 

Before  doing  bo,  however,  we  must  not  forget  to  say  that  the  prime  mover 
of  the  excursion,  Mr.  Francis  MacDouald,  the  New  York  manager  of  the  Com- 
pany, still  retains  the  popularity  he  has  so  many  years  enjoyed  as  a  pioneer  in 
attending  to  the  necessities  of  Atlantic  passenger  and  goods  traffic,  and  that 
on  this  occasion  he  proved  himself  to  be,  as  usual,  "  the  right  man  in  the 
right  place."  

A3  a  sample  of  the  luxury  and  elegance  of  her  appointments,  we  give  the 
dimensions,  etc.,  of  her  grand  saloon.  It  extends  across  the  vessel  from  side  to 
side,  is  45  ft.  in  length  by  40  ft.  in  width,  and  is  finished  with  polished  teak, 
inlaid  with  white-wood,  carved  and  ornamented  with  gold.  The  rich  carpets, 
the  furniture  in  maroon-colored  Russia  leather,  grand  piano,  immense  plate- 
glass  mirrors,  and  a  well-selected  library,  make  it  a  very  palace  of  taste,  luxury, 
and  comfort. 

The  state-rooms  are  large  and  airy,  with  two  berths  in  each,  and  finished  in 
the  same  elegant  and  costly  style  as  the  saloon.  There  are  accommodations  for 
153  first-class,  and  900  steerage  passengers. 

The  "  California"  is  the  first  of  a  new  fleet  of  seven  large  vessels  now  build- 
ing for  The  Anchor  Line.  The  "  Victoria,"  twin  sister  of  the  "  California," 
is  already  launched.  Two  others,  the  " Bolivia"  and  "  Ethiopia,"  of  4,500  tons 
each,  are  also  well  forward.  When  these  vessels  are  all  completed,  the  Line  will 
consist  of  over  forty  first-class  steamships,  and  demonstrate  not  only  the  energy 
and  enterprise  of  the  owners,  but  the  esteem  in  which  they  are  held  by  the 
travelling  public  as  well,  and  their  appreciation  of  the  efforts  to  provide  for  their 
comfort  and  safety.  There  is  no  steamship  line  that  has  grown  faster  and  more 
surely  in  public  favor  than  The  Anchor. 

The  "  California"  sailed  for  Glasgow,  on  Saturday,  August  17th,  with  a  large 
lis.t  of  passengers,  aui  a  full  cargo.  Success  attend  her !— Diocese  of  Illinois, 
September,  1872. 

The  Anchor  Line. 

On  the  17th  of  August,  the  "  California,"  a  new  ship  of  The  Anchor  Line 
plying  between  the  City  of  Glasgow,  Scotland,  and  New  York,  sailed  from  the 
latter  city  on  her  first  voyage.  The  vessel  is  one  of  the  largest,  finest,  and  most 
complete  steamships  ever  built,  and  her  inauguration  as  one  of  The  Anchor 
Line  has  been  the  subject  of  much  comment  by  the  press  in  all  parts  of  the 
country.  On  the  14th,  a  banquet  to  the  agents  of  the  line,  and  to  the  press  of 
New  York  City  and  others,  was  given  on  board  the  "  California,"  while  she 
sailed  to  Long  Branch  and  back  to  New  York  Harbor.  Eleven  toasts  were  read, 
among  them  "  The  Army  and  the  Navy,"  the  other  toasts  and  respondents  being 
equally  felicitously  chosen. 

The  "  California"  is  the  seventeenth  addition  to  the  Atlantic  service  of  The 
Anchor  Line,  inaugurated  in  the  year  1856,  by  the  firm  of  Handyside  &  Hender- 
son, of  Glasgow,  Scotland.  The  "  California"  was  built  at  Glasgow  during  this 
year,  and  is  one  of  the  most  perfect,  well-finished,  and  safest  steamships  plying 
the  waters.   The  grand  saloon  of  the  "  California"  is  described  as  a  marvel  of 

beauty  and  luxury  Some  of  its  features  and  furniture  are  entirely  novel. 

The  carpet  is  a  rich  green,  the  pattern  being  the  coat-of-arms  of  Great  Britain  in- 
tertwined in  wreaths  of  flowers.  The  tie-beams  of  the  main  dome  are  boxed  and 
filled  with  choice  exotic  plants,  giving  it  the  appearance  of  an  Oriental  court.  A 
piano  and  a  library  are  part  of  the  luxurious  furniture,  all  of  which  is  reflected 
again  and  again  by  heavy  mirrors  on  all  sides.  Electric  bell-knobs  are  placed  at 
every  convenient  place.  Sliding  doors  afford  entrance  to  all  the  state-rooms, 
which  are  roomy,  and  provided  with  every  convenience  and  luxury.  The  second 
cabin  and  state-rooms  are  handsomely  and  comfortably  furnished,  and  pas- 
sengers of  this  class  are  carried  across  the  water  in  the  "California"  for  a 
reduction  of  ten  dollars  from  first-class  price.  Third-class  passengers,  whose 
accommodations  are  also  perfectly  neat  and  comfortable,  are  carried  at  a  still 
further  reduction  of  fare.  The  vessel  will  accommodate,  in  all,  1,050  passengers 
besides  the  crew — 150  first-class  and  900  steerage  passengers,  all  of  whom  can 
cross  tho  waters  of  the  Atlantic  in  the  "  California"  in  ease,  comfort,  and  lux- 
ury, and  with  few  of  the  discomforts  of  an  O32an-voyage. — Cliro  (III-)  Bulletin, 
September  1,  1872. 


The  Anchor  Line. 

Messrs.  Henderson  Brothers,  the  proprietors  of  The  Anchor  Line  of  Steam- 
ers, devoted  their  elegant  steamship  "  California"  to  the  use  of  their  agents  and 
friends  for  an  excursion  to  Long  Branch  and  return,  on  Wednesday,  August 
14th.    The  excursion  was  a  complete  success. 

The  vessel  steamed  down  the  bay,  and  off  Long  Branch  took  a  turn  to  sea- 
ward, returning  to  her  dock  about  eight  o'clock  in  the  evening.  The  entire  ship 
was  thrown  open  to  the  guests,  and  not  the  least  pleasing  feature  of  the  day  was 
the  attendance  of  an  excellent  band  of  music.  The  entertainment  provided  was 
superb.  Every  delicacy  that  the  market  could  afford,  all  prepared  upon  the 
ship  by  the  ship's  cook  and  steward,  was  placed  upon  the  board,  and  the  whole 
number  of  guests,  upward  of  six  hundred,  were  seated  at  one  time  at  tables 
spread  between-decks. 

The  "  California"  is  a  new  ship,  her  sailing  on  Saturday,  August  17th,  being 
her  second  voyage.  She  is  completely  and  elegantly  fitted  in  every  respect  with 
all  modern  conveniences,  and  an  attention  to  detail  in  the  furnishing  which  is 
not  always  found  in  sea-going  steamers.  Her  sister  vessel,  the  "Victoria,"  one 
of  a  fleet  of  six  new  steamers,  now  nearly  completed,  will  bo  here  in  a  few 
weeks. 

The."  California"  has  her  main  saloon  in  the  midship  section,  where  least 
motion  is  felt;  it  occupies  the  entire  width  of  the  ship.  All  the  steamers  now 
building  for  the  Company  will  have  the  same  arrangement. 

During  the  busy  season  (three  months)  just  past,  this  Line  carried  from  the 
port  of  New  York  1,700  cabin-passengers.  This  number,  for  a  company  only 
fifteen  years  engaged  in  the  Transatlantic  trade,  is  an  excellent  record. — N.  Y. 
Slipping  Gazette,  September  1, 1872. 

The  Anchor  Line. 

On  the  14th  of  August  the  agents  of  The  Anchor  Line  of  Steamers,  running 
between  New  York  and  Glasgow,  in  honor  of  the  Line,  and  especially  of  the 
new  steamer  "  California,"  which  has  recently  been  put  upon  that  route,  made 
an  excursion  on  that  vessel  from  New  York.  The  steamer,  from  the  description 
sent  us,  must  be  considered  a  triumph  of  marine  architecture  and  engineering, 
and  one  of  which  the  company  has  reason  to  be  proud,  and  for  which  the  travel- 
ler may  be  thankful.  The  excursion  party  included  a  large  number  of  ladies 
and  gentlemen,  and  the  breakfast  and  dinner  bills  of  fare  for  the  occasion  show 
a  catership  that  ought  to  satisfy  even  that  old  grumbler,  "  the  most  fastidious 
gourmand,"  while  the  toasts  were  neither  dry  nor  incompatible  with  the  harmony 
of  the  banquet.  The  Anchor  Line  is  determined  to  maintain  the  excellence 
and  popularity  which  it  has  striven  to  achieve. — Cliicago  Journal,  Stptemler  2, 
1872. 

"  The  California  Excursion." 

A  very  kind  invitation  was  sent  us  some  weeks  ago  to  participate  in  an  ex- 
cursion down  the  New  York  Boy  given  on  board  the  steamship  "  California,"  on 
the  14th  of  August,  to  the  agents  of  The  Anchor  Line  and  to  members  of  the 
Press.  We  were  unable  to  be  one  of  the  party,  but  have  read  its  history,  and 
know  it  must  have  been  good  to  be  there.  There  were  nearly  six  hundred  guests, 
gathered  from  the  East  and  West,  North  and  South,  and  there  were  also  a  num- 
ber of  representatives  of  foreign  nations.  Many  pleasant  acquaintances  must 
have  been  formed,  and  we  venture  to  say  that  no  one  of  the  party  will  ever  forget 
the  occasion  which  passed  off  so  satisfactorily. 

The  object  of  this  excursion  was  to  "show  off"  the  "California,"  the  new 
addition  to  the  old  reliable  Axcnon  Line  of  Transatlantic  Steam-packet  Ships. 
The  steamer  was  gayly  decorated  with  English  and  American  flags,  and  with  the 
various  pieces  of  bunting  of  Marryat's  code  of  signals.  Judging  frr.m  the  unan- 
imous verdict  of  the  newspaper  correspondents,  who  have  inspected  her,  the 
*'  California"  must  be  a  very  floating  palace,  and  a  vessel  as  safe  as  she  is 
beautiful. 

The  sail  was  a  charming  one,  the  bay  being  uncommonly  placid.  At  dinner, 
which  the  bill  of  fare  shows  to  have  been  a  sumptuous  repast,  there  were  toasts 
and  responses.  In  looking  over  the  toasts  we  were  struck  with  their  freshness 
and  appropriateness.  They  were  evidently  prepared  by  one  who  comprehended 
tho  situation,  and  who  has  a  mind  above  the  ordinary  "  run  "  of  such  sentiments. 
When  the  next  excursion  is  given  by  the  managers  of  this  favorite  packet-line, 
may  we  be  there  to  enjoy  it ! — Cleveland  (<?.)  Main  Dealer,  September  2, 1S72. 

The  Anchor  Line  Excursion. 

The  Henderson  Brothers,  proprietors  of  the  celebrated  Anchor  Line  of 
Transatlantic  Steam-packet  Ships,  extended  to  their  agents  and  the  members 
of  the  press  an  invitation  to  an  excursion  from  New  York  City  down  the  bay  to 
Long  Branch,  onboard  their  new  and  elegant  steamer  "  California."  Accordingly, 
on  the  day  appointed,  August  14th,  a  large  number  of  guests,  representing  tho 
wealth,  energy,  andbusiness  of  the  country,  assembled  in  the  magnificent  saloons 
of  one  of  the  finest  steamers  on  the  ocean  to  do  honor  to  the  men  whose  skill 
and  perseverance  had  accomplished  such  wonders.  On  the  broad  waters  of  the 
Atlantic,  with  speed,  safety,  and  comfort  to  her  hundreds  of  admiring  guests, 
speeded  the  ship.  Whatever  was  needed  for  their  pleasure  had  been  amply  pro- 
vided, and  the  strength  of  the  noble  vessel  which  protected  them  from  the  waves 


31 


TEE  ANCHOR  LINE  OF  STEAMERS. 


of  the  ocean  was  but  an  emblem  of  the  unseen  yet  mighty  power  of  the  flag 
waving  proudly  over  them.  Leaving  the  city  in  the  morning,  the  vessel  pro- 
ceeded to  Long  Branch  and  returned  to  her  dock  in  the  afternoon,  landing,  alter 
a  day  of  pleasure,  her  passengers  in  safety. 

Tho  "California"  is  an  iron  serew-steamcr,  with  high  deel;s,  and  most  lux- 
uriously-fitted cabins.  It  is  now,  and  will  henceforth  be,  kept  in  the  Atlantic 
carrying-trade  by  the  popular  Anchor  Line.  Its  cost  was  about  $700,000.— 
Springfield  {III.)  Slate  Journal,  September  2,  1S72. 

Special  Grand  Excursion,  given  Wednesday,  August  14,  1872. 

Editor  of  Express  : 

The  enterprising  "  Henderson  Brothers,"  of  the  famous  ANcnoit  Line  of 
Steamers,  running  between  this  country  and  England,  extended  a  special  invita- 
tion to  the  different  agents  of  their  line  to  meet  them  in  New  York,  on  Wednes- 
day, August  14th.  Almost  every  State  was  represented.  About  550  agents  were 
present,  accompanied  by  their  wives  and  daughters,  "  all  ready  for  a  full  day  of 
real,  genuine  enjoyment."  About  nine  o'clock  we  were  invited  on  board  of  the 
splendid  steamship  "  Trinacria,"  at  Pier  No.  20,  North  Eivcr,  New  York,  to 
partake  breakfast.  A  plentiful  supply  was  prepared  for  the  invited  guests. 
(This  steamer  sailed  for  Glasgow  at  one  o'clock  in  the  afternoon  of  said  day.) 
At  11  o'clock  we  were  all  on  board  of  the  beautiful,  staunch  steamer  "  California," 
one  of  the  splendid  steamships  of  their  line,  ready  to  receive  the  visitors  and 
carry  them  down  the  bay  as  far  as  Long  Branch.  We  left  Pier  No.  20  about  11$ 
a.  M.  The  fine  brass  band  burst  forth  in  a  lovely  strain  of  music,  and  the  splen- 
did steamer  glided  smoothly  down  the  narrows  into  tho  vast  expanse  of  the  blue 
waters  until  we  reached  Long  Branch,  about  three  o'clock.  We  were  all  invited 
to  dinner,  prepared  for  the  occasion  on  board  of  this  magnificent  steamer.  Oh  1 
it  was  a  sumptuous  dinner.  All  the  delicacies  of  the  season  were  on  hand.  It 
was  the  most  elegantly-gotten-up  dinner  that  could  have  possibly  been  prepared, 
and  included  all  kinds  of  different  liquors  that  could  be  named,  besides  ale, 
lemonade,  etc.,  for  the  digestive  organs.    All  hands  did  justice  to  the  eatables. 

The  Henderson  Brothers  and  their  employes  will  long  be  remembered  for 
their  liberality  and  generosity  extended  to  their  agents  and  invited  guests.  Din- 
ner being  over,  music  began,  when  young  and  old,  as  if  by  magic,  joined  in  a 
social  dance,  and  enjoyed  themselves  by  putting  their  best  dancing  performances 
in  full  operation  (by-the-by,  our  friend  the  jovial  Sletor,  agent  at  tins  place,  tried 
his  hand,  but  rather  failed  on  account  of  having  a  Quaker  foot,  that  would  not 
wag  along  exactly  to  the  music).  After  dancing,  speech-making  and  toast- 
drinking  commenced  in  honor  of  the  Henderson  Brothers'  employe's — captains, 
crews,  etc. — which  was  responded  to  by  them  in  a  becoming  gentlemanly  man- 
ner. Now,  upon  the  upper  deck  of  said  steamship  we  had  the  pleasure  of  listen- 
ing to  soma  tall,  finely-built  Scotch  pipers,  dressed  in  full  costume  of  Highland 
pipers,  playing  magnificently  the  Scottish  airs  for  the  benefit  of  all  on  the  upper 
deck. 

This  was  one  of  the  most  splendid  excursions  that  we  ever  witnessed ;  every 
comfort  and  pleasure  was  extended  to  the  invited  guests  by  the  Henderson 
Brothers,  to  whom  we  tender  our  sincere  thanks. 

The  Anchor  Line  of  Steamers  can  be  cheerfully  recommended.  They  have 
most  magnificent  steamers,  and  all  who  wish  to  take  a  trip  across  the  ocean  to 
any  part  of  Europe  would  do  well  to  patronize  it.  The  steamers  are  all  elegantly 
finished,  and  every  comfort  is  furnished  passengers. 

One  wno  Took  a  Tr.ir. 

—Easton  (Pa.)  Express,  September  3,  1872. 

The  Anchor  Line. 

Our  exchanges  come  to  us  containing  glowing  accounts  of  the  excursion  given 
by  The  Anchor  Line,  on  the  14th  of  August,  in  their  magnificent  steamer 
"  California,"  from  New  York  to  Long  Branch.  We  were  among  the  two  thou- 
sand invited  guests  for  that  occasion,  and  the  more  we  read  of  the  success  of  the 
affair,  the  more  do  we  regret  our  inability  to  be  present.  The  sail  down  the  bay, 
and  out  on  the  ocean,  is  described  as  being  one  of  continuous  enjoyment.  Every 
thing  which  could  tend  to  the  pleasure  of  tho  passengers  was  anticipated  by 
Francis  MacDonand,  resident  partner  of  tho  firm  which  controls  this  line,  who 
was  the  moving  spirit  in  the  affair.  The  Anciios  Line  is  one  of  the  most  suc- 
cessful of  the  immense  companies  which  control  the  ocean-traffic  between  this 
and  foreign  countries.  Tho  "  California"  lias  just  been  added  to  their  enormous 
fleet,  and  it  is  in  every  respect  a  first-class  vessel.  A  representative  of  the 
Chicago  Inter-Ocean  accompanied  the  excursion.  From  his  account  of  the  pleas- 
ure-trip we  take  the  following  :  .  .  .  —Janesville  (  Wis.)Gazette,  September  3,  1872. 

The  New  Ocean-Steamer  "  California." 

The  new  steamer  "  California,"  built  at  Glasgow  for  tho  well-known  Anchor 
Line,  owned  by  Messrs.  Ilandysido  &  Henderson,  arrived  here  on  her  second 
voyage  in  the  beginning  of  August.  On  the  14th  of  August  a  splendid  banquet 
and  excursion  were  given  on  board  the  steamer  by  the  New  York  representatives 
of  the  Lino.  Many  of  the  agents  of  the  Company  and  correspondents  of  the 
principal  papers  (among  these  latter  the  JleraWs)  wore  present  through  the 
courteous  invitation  of  Messrs.  Henderson  Brothers.    Tho  guests  numbered 


about  COO,  and  came  from  almost  every  part  of  tho  country,  and  included  quite 
a  number  of  the  fair  sex  who  took  part  in  tho  excursion. 

Mr.  Francis  MaeDonald,  of  Messrs.  Henderson  Brothers,  New  York,  per- 
sonally superintended  the  arrangements,  and  discharged  his  duties  in  the  most 
attentive  and  liberal  manner. 

About  11  A.  M.  all  the  guests  were  on  board  the  steamer,  which  was  gayly 
adorned  with  British  and  American  flags  and  bunting,  the  majestic  vessel  sailing 
out  of  her  dock  toward  the  ocean.  On  arrival  at  Long  Branch  a  salute  was  fired 
in  honor  of  President  Grant,  who  was  staying  there,  and  responded  to  by  tho 
lowering  of  the  flag  on  the  piazza  of  the  cottage. 

The  fresh  air  on  the  open  sea,  so  very  different  from  on  the  heated  streets  of 
New  York,  imparted  to  the  excursionists  a  disposition  to  appreciate  the  good 
things  of  the  cuisine  department,  and  the  banquet  was  then  commenced  in 
earnest.  Tho  costly  viands  were  evidently  heartily  enjoyed,  and  dishes  were 
presented  in  sueh  variety  and  rapid  succession,  that  even  a  French  epicure 
would  have  felt  respect  for  the  culinary  artist  of  the  "  California."  After  dinner 
a  number  of  appropriate  tcasts  were  proposed  and  responded  to  with  great  eclat, 
and  thus  the  time  quickly  passed  by.  About  7  r.  sr.  the  "  California"  arrived  at 
her  dock,  when  the  excursionists  landed,  having  enjoyed  a  very  pleasant  day — 
thanks  to  the  efforts  of  Mr.  MaeDonald. 

The  "  California"  is  undoubtedly  one  of  the  most  beautiful  vessels  that  ever 
sailed  upon  the  ocean.    She  is  3G2  feet  long  and  her  tonnage  is  3,287. 

The  inside  arrangements,  both  of  the  saloons  and  of  tho  steerage,  which 
latter  lias  aeoommodation  for  900  passengers,  are  of  the  most  superior  description. 
The  Anchor  Line  are  now  building  six  now  steamers  on  the  same  model,  but  on 
even  larger  dimensions  than  the  "  California." 

The  enterprising  spirit  of  Messrs.  Ilandyside  &  Henderson  has  found  every- 
where its  acknowledgment,  and  the  proof  thereof  is  in  the  fact  that  they  have 
been  able  to  establish  within  fifteen  years  one  of  the  largest  and  grandest  ehip- 
owning  companies  in  the  world,  though  they  had  no  great  capital  to"  start  with. 
— Translated  from  Der  Milwaukee  Ucrold,  September  3,  1872. 


Transatlantic  Enterprise. 

The  managers  of  TnE  Anchor  Line  of  transatlantic  steam  packet-ships, 
Henderson  Bros.,  recently  extended  an  invitation  to  us  to  participate  with  nu- 
merous prominent  citizens  and  journalists  to  the  cast  of  us,  in  an  excursion 
down  New  York  Bay  and  to  Long  Branch,  upon  their  new  and  elegant  steamer 
the  "  California."  The  event  came  off  on  the  14th  of  last  month  ;  but  our  press- 
ing duties  and  the  long  distance  from  the  port  of  New  York  combined  to  prevent 
us  taking  part  in  what  was  really  a  grand  affair.  Those  who  participated  enjoyed 
themselves  to  the  fullest  extent.  There  had  been  nearly  2,000  invitations  issued 
to  agents  of  the  Line,  members  of  the  press  and  friends,  in  different  parts  of  tho 
country.  More  than  a  fourth  of  the  invitations  were  accepted,  and  from  St. 
Louis,  Chicago,  Cincinnati,  Savannah,  and  other  points  less  remote  to  theEastern 
seaport  went  many  to  take  part  in  the  great  festal  occasion.  Those,  with  those 
from  New  York  City,  made  the  guests  aboard  the  steamer  number  nearly  COO. 
Shortly  before  noon  the  magnificent  steamer  moved  from  the  moorings,  Gra- 
fulla's  Seventh  Regiment  band,  which  accompanied  the  excursion,  striking  up 
"  God  save  tho  Queen"  and  "  The  Star-spangled  Banner."  The  craft  was  taste- 
fully decorated  with  the  English  and  American  colors.  The  guests  were  invited 
to  make  themselves  perfectly  at  home.  They  did  so,  and  all  enjoyed  tho 
occasion  in  a  way  which  will  ever  be  a  pleasant  remembrance  to  them  of  the  day. 
The  sail  down  the  bay  was  really  delightful,  and  the  views  of  the  prominent 
points,  as  they  from  time  to  time  loomed  up,  were  gazed  upon  with  much  interest 
and  great  pleasure.  As  the  vessel  steamed  along,  a  bounteous  luncheon  and 
other  inviting  concomitants  wore  at  the  service  of  the  guests,  >d  ho  were  sub- 
sequently honored,  when  off  Long  Branch,  with  one  of  the  finest  dinners  that 
was  ever  served  aboard  ship.  A  long  time  was  devoted  to  the  table,  and 
appropriate  toasts  with  sprightly  responses  served  to  lend  additional  interest. 
Mr.  Francis  MaeDonald,  the  chief  agent  of  The  Anchor  Line  at  New  York, 
made  an  eloquent  speech,  and  was  followed  by  James  Warraek,  Esq.,  Brit- 
ish vice-consul  at  Chicago,  who  responded  to  the  toast  "  Our  guests,  tho  rep- 
resentatives who  have  made  The  Anchor  Line  a  household  word  through- 
out the  country — may  they  continue  in  perpetual  alliance  to  uphold  with  U3 
the  flag  which  is  the  symbol  of  the  immigrant's  hope  and  the  token  of  security 
to  all."  After  more  toasting  and  speech-making  the  party  returned  to  New 
York  City,  arriving  at  the  pier  of  tho  steamer  about  7  o'clock.  All  were 
thoroughly  pleased  with  their  day's  trip,  and  all  felt  convinced  that  no  better 
craft  is  upon  the  ocean  than  the  "  California."  Punning  between  Glasgow,  Scot- 
land, and  New  York,  the  steamers  of  The  Anchor  Line  have  become  favorites 
with  the  public,  being  staunch,  comfortable,  and  fleet.  The  "California"  was 
finished  at  Glasgow  during  the  present  year,  and  is  able  to  accommodate  one 
hundred  and  fifty  cabin  and  six  hundred  steerage  passengers.  She  is  commanded 
by  Captain  James  Craig,  a  skilful  and  experienced  navigator.  This  ship  and  all 
others  of  the  samo  line  have  much  to  commend  them  to  public  favor,  and  from 
the  extended  patronage  which  is  given  them,  both  ways,. it  is  evident  that  the 
company  has  the  confidence  of  tho  travelling  communities  of  both  Europe  and 
America. — Denver  (Col.)  Rocky  Movntain  Neics,  September  4,  1872. 


THE  ANCHOR  LINE  OF  STEAMERS. 


35 


A  Gala  Day  with  the  Anchor  Line.— Grand  Excursion  on  the  New  Steamer 

"  California." 

New  Tore,  August  15, 1S72. 
Yesterday  formed  an  epoch  in  the  history  of  about  five  hundred  of  the  citi- 
zens of  this  and  many  of  her  sister  States.  There  was  something  in  the  event 
so  novel,  so  interesting,  so  unique,  that  one  must  have  supposed  its  conception 
to  have  sprung  from  the  brain  of  a  Yankee,  which  is  not  only  really  fertile,  but 
is  so  egotistic  as  to  claim  an  unrivalled  monopoly  in  every  thing  new,  especially 
if  it  combines  business  with  pleasure,  money  with  utility.  But  this  affair,  which 
I  have  raised  by  the  unanimous  acclaim  of  five  hundred  citizens  to  the  dignity 
of  an  epoch,  and  which  I  expect  yet  to  describe,  if  my  readers  will  but  patiently 
wade  through  this  introduction,  did  not  originate  in  the  mind  of  a  Yankee  ;  if  it 
had,  I  would  have  been  saved  any  further  trouble  than  just  referring  tbcm  to  the 
next  Patent-Office  report  for  a  full  and  minute  detail  of  the  affair,  for  no  Yankee 
would  let  the  opportunity  pass  without  getting  out  a  patent  right  for  it.  But,  as 
I  believe  I  have  said,  it  did  not  thus  originate.  The  fact  is,  it  was  the  happy 
conception  of  two  Scotchmen — Mr.  James  Ilenderson  and  Mr.  Francis  MacDon- 
ald,  of  The  Ancuor  Line  of  Steamers.  And  the  event,  concerning  which  you 
have  been  waiting  so  patiently  to  read  or  hear,  was  a  voyage  to  sea  given  by  these 
gentlemen  to  the  agents  of  the  line  and  their  wives  and  daughters,  and  to  the 
representatives  of  the  press  and  their  wives  and  daughters.  The  voyage  was 
given  on  board  their  new  steamship  "  California,"  a  ship  worthy  of  the  name  of 
the  "land  of  gold,"  and  decidedly  the  brightest  gem  of  the  ocean  that  enters 
this  port.  A  great  majority  of  the  guests  had  never  before  been  outside  or  out 
6ight  of  land ;  to  thjse  the  sjene  was  magnificently  thrilling.  "While  a  steam- 
tug,  which  accompanied  the  expedition  as  a  tender,  was  surging,  plunging,  and 
bunting  through  and  at  the  not  very  large  or  turbulent  waves  like  a  huge  por- 
poise, the  "  California"  rode  as  quiet  and  tranquil  as  upon  the  bosom  of  the 
Hudson;  for  this  blessing  it  is  very  probable  that  those  who  had  never  been  at 
sea  before  were  not  sufficiently  thankful,  for  they  could  not  realize  exactly  what 
they  had  escaped.  The  sail  was  continued  just  long  enough  to  give  to  all  that 
exhilaration  of  spirit  peculiarly  incident  to  a  voyage  at  sea;  and  to  those  who 
had  never  been  on  the  ocean  before,  a  slight  appreciation  of  that  beautiful  senti- 
ment of  Israel's  sweet  singer,  "Those  that  go  down  to  the  sea  in  ships,  and  do 
business  in  great  waters,  these  see  the  works  of  the  Lord  and  His  wonders  in  the 
deep." 

As  the  bow  of  the  steamer  swept  round  in  its  are  turning  toward  the  city, 
many  of  the  guests  stood  on  the  deck  gazing,  still  gazing  steadfastly  toward  the 
east,  as  if  the  Mecca  of  their  souls  lay  in  that  direction. 

To  the  heart  that  can  be  raised  from  Nature  up  to  Nature's  God  there  is  some- 
thing peculiarly  sublime  in  viewing  the  ocean.  A  long  train  of  thoughts  rush 
upon  the  mind,  but  high  and  above  them  all  is  the  contemplation  of  our  own  in- 
significance and  inipoteuce.  We  view  ourselves  as  the  "  least  of  Nature's  little- 
ness," changing,  decaying,  and  gone — 

"  Be  not  so  thou ; 
Unchangeable  save  in  thy  wave's  play, 
Time  writes  no  wrinkles  on  thy  azure  brow, 
Such  as  Creation's  dawn  beheld  thou  rollest  now." 

Standing  in  the  presence  of  those  giant  trees  of  California,  with  their  thirty 
and  thirty-five  feet  diameter,  and  their  altitude  reaching  six  or  seven  hundred 
feet,  we  feel  that  we  are  in  the  presence  of  the  early  handiwork  of  the  Almighty, 
connected  by  them  to  the  primeval  verdure  with  which  He  adorned  the  lawns  of 
Paradise  and  the  world.  But  when  we  behold  the  ocean,  we  feel  that  we  are  in 
the  presence  of  the  Almighty  Himself,  and  we  appreciate  with  intense  fervor 
the  beautiful  sentiment  of  England's  poet : 

"  Thou  glorious  mirror  where  the  Almighty's  form 

Glasses  itself  in  tempest,  in  all  time — 

Calm  or  convulsed,  in  breeze,  or  gale,  or  storm, 

Dark-heaving,  boundless,  endless,  and  sublime, 

The  image  of  Eternity— the  throne 
Of  the  Invisible — thou  goest  forth,  dread,  fathomless,  alone." 

But  I  must  not  forget  that  I  left  a  large  number  of  my  fellow-passengers  on 
deck  gazing  eastward  as  though  they  would  see  the  shore  beyond ;  human  vision 
is  straightened  for  home,  the  enchantment  is  broken,  and,  with  Byron's  invoca- 
tion to  the  ocean — 

"  Eoll  on  thou  deep  and  dark-blue  ocoan — roll ! " 

this  scene  closes. 

"We  sweep  down  toward  Long  Branch,  on  the  Jersey  coast,  as  near  as  pru- 
dence will  warrant,  to  give  all  an  opportunity  of  seeing  the  metropolis  of  metro- 
politan fashion  during  the  hot  weather.  The  villas  of  wealth  could  easily  be 
defined  with  the  naked  eye,  in  the  distance,  studding,  for  a  mile  or  more,  the 
white-sanded  beach,  but,  as  we  had  a  spy-glass  in  our  company  which  we  alter- 
nated, the  strain  was  not  so  great.  "When  opposite  the  President's  cottage,  a 
national  salute  was  fired  from  our  steamer.  I  soon  became  satisfied  with  Long 
Branch.  For  two  important  reasons  "  distance "  had  ceased  to  "lend  enchant- 
ment to  the  view."  1.  We  had  just  left  the  ocean  with  its  glory  and  grandeur 
behind  us,-and  who  would  banish  its  reflections  and  lessons  "  to  batten  on  this 
moor?"  2.  A  scene  of  greater  interest  was  being  enacted  below.  The  bell  of 
the  second  steward  had  already  announced  that  dinner  was  ready,  and  the  way 
that  the  guests  piled  down  those  stairways  would  have  satisfied  the  most  skepti- 


cal that  they  were  ready  for  it.  The  great  steerage  had  for  the  occasion  been 
converted  into  a  saloon,  carpeted,  fumigated,  and  perfumed.  Five  tables,  each 
a  hundred  feet  in  length,  graced  it.  The  flags  of  all  nations  surrounded  it,  so  that 
no  timber  or  beam  was  visible.  Such  taste  had  been  displayed  in  adorning  the 
room  with  flags,  tapestry,  and  flowers,  that  one  would  rather  have  supposed  he 
was  entering  the  bauqueting-hall  of  some  mansion  of  wealth  than  the  steerage 
of  an  ocean-steamer.  And  then  such  tables.  To  say  that  "  they  groaned  with 
the  luxuries  and  delicacies  of  the  season,"  is  a  hackneyed  draft  on  the  imagina- 
tion. But  to  say  that  no  tables  of  Long  Branch  surpassed  them  that  day,  is  not. 
The  known  liberality  of  the  owners  of  tl/e  line  is  a  sufficient  guarantee  for  the 
bounty  and  luxury  of  the  occasion.  There  was  only  one  mishap  which  marred 
the  absolute  success  of  the  occasion,  and  against  which  Mr.  MacDonald  had 
made  ample  provision.  But  I  hope  he  will  not  grieve  too  much  over  it,  for  it 
will  always  happen  where  a  large  majority  of  the  guests  are  Yankees  or  Ameri- 
can Scotchmen,  especially  if  they  are  very  hungry.  The  mishap  was  this,  no 
blessing  was  asked,  a  great  drawback  to  a  Scotchman's  dinner.  Though  the 
voracity  of  the  guests  disappointed  Mr.  MacDonald  and  the  minister,  the  loss 
was  probably  not  so  great  as  they  apprehended,  for,  to  have  made  it  a  success, 
the  reverend  gentleman  would  have  had  to  deliver  through  a  speaking-trumpet, 
and,  unless  he  had  been  accustomed  to  the  use  of  that  instrument,  the  effort 
would  probably  have  been  a  failure.  The  room  was  too  large  for  any  single  hu- 
man unaided  voice.  After  dinner,  an  adjournment  was  made  to  the  grand  saloon 
of  the  ship.  This  was  for  the  intellectual  part  of  the  occasion.  Mr.  James 
Henderson  took  one  end  of  the  first  table,  and  Mr.  MacDonald  the  other.  Upon 
Mr.  MacDonald  devolved  the  duty  of  announcing  the  toasts,  which  duty  he 
prefaced  by  a  well-considered  and  well-received  speech  

The  occasion  was  graced  by  Grafulla's  full  Seventh  Begiment  Band,  and  Clcl- 
land  and  Kankin,  pipers,  who  were  dressed  in  Highland  costume.  Sufficient 
space  on  the  main  deck  was  appropriated  to  the  use  of  the  dancers.  Great 
credit  is  due  to  Captain  Craig,  Mr.  Lamont,  and  the  chief  steward,  Mr.  Stock- 
dale,  and  the  other  officers  of  the  ship,  for  the  devotion  they  bestowed  on  the 
guests  in  their  efforts  to  make  them  comfortable.  They  were  not  neglected  in 
the  parting  cheers  that  were  given. 

Three  cheers  to  Mr.  Henderson,  three  to  Mr.  MacDonald,  and  three  to  the 
noble  ship,  closed  the  joyous  occasion. 

In  reference  to  the  noble  steamer,  I  will  add  that  she  is  acknowledged  by  all 
to  be  one  of  the  finest,  if  not  the  finest,  passenger  vessel  sailing  out  of  this  port; 
and  one  object  of  the  excursion  was  to  show  the  guests  of  the  company  what 
class  of  vessels  they  are  putting  on  the  line  — Delhi  (IV.  T.)  Dela- 
ware Express,  Stptember  4,  1ST2. 

The  Anchor  Line. 

In  connection  with'the  excursion  given  by  The  Anchor  Like  of  ocean-steam- 
ers to  their  agents,  we  have  to  add  a  graceful  act  on  their  part.  Th'ey  have  paid 
the  travelling  expenses  of  the  agents  who  took  part  in  the  excursion  to  and  from 
New  York.  Such  generosity  on  the  part  of  the  proprietors  of  the  line  is  worthy 
of  notice.  Mrs.  Warnock  is  their  agent  in  Goderich. — Huron  (Ont.)  Signal,  Sep- 
tember 4,  1872. 

Ocean  Steamers— Excursion  of  the  Anchor  Line. 

On  the  14th  of  last  month  an  excursion  down  New  York  Bay  and  thirty  miles 
out  to  sea,  in  front  of  Long  Branch,  was  given  to  a  party  of  editors  and  news- 
paper folks  by  Messrs.  Henderson  Brothers,  of  New  York,  owners  of  the  famous 
Anchor  Line  of  ocean-steamers.  The  occasion  was  the  initial  trip  of  the  "  Cal- 
ifornia," a  new  steamship  of  an  improved  class,  and  the  first  of  six  of  her  kind 
wdiioh  Messrs.  Ilenderson  Brothers  propose  placing  on  their  line.  Over  two  thou- 
sand invitations  had  been  issued  for  the  occasion,  and  ladies  and  gentlemen  were 
present  from  far  Western  cities,  as  well  as  from  other  points  less  remote,  including 
representatives  from  many  nations  and  professions.  The  sail  down  the  bay  was 
highly  enjoyed,  giving  splendid  views  of  the  lowest  part  of  New  York,  of  Brook- 
lyn, the  East  Kiver  and  its  shipping ;  past  Governor's  Island,  Coney  Island, 
Staten  Island,  with  its  many  handsome  residences  ;  past  the  many  forts  of  stone 
and  earth,  by  which,  with  their  many  guns,  ranging  in  calibre  up  to  twenty 
inches,  the  harbor  of  New  York  is  thoroughly  defended  ;  past  Quarantine  station, 
past  Sandy  Hook,  out  to  sea,  and  down  to  opposite  Long  Branch,  a  sail  of  nearly 
forty  miles.  When  off  Long  Branch,  dinner  was  served,  which  embraced  in  its 
courses  substantial  and  delicacies  from  all  parts  of  the  world.  After  the  table 
was  cleared,  toasts  were  in  order,  and  the  trip  back  was  enlivened  by  the  pop- 
ping of  champagne-corks  and  witty  speeches.  

The  "California"  is  a  model  ocean-steamer;  ....  is  very  strongly  built, 
and  finely  finished;  has  most  elegant,  high,  and  airy  cabins  and  saloons,  luxuri- 
ously fitted  up  ;  commodious  and  well-appointed  state-rooms  ;  has  admirable  ar- 
rangements for  ventilation  and  for  steering,  and,  altogether,  is  able  to  accommo- 
date one  hundred  and  fifty  cabin  and  six  hundred  steerage  passengers  in  a  manner 
that  leaves  little  to  be  desired,  except  immunity  from  sea-sickness  (of  which 
there  will  be  the  least  possible  on  the  ship).  She  is  under  the  command  of  Cap- 
tain James  Craig,  a  thorough  officer  and  true  gentleman,  and  we  commend  her 
to  persons  crossing  the  ocean,  and  most  heartily  wish  success  to  The  Anchor 
Line,  of  which  she  is  the  pride. — Knoxville  (Tenn.)  Press  and  Herald.  September 
5,  1S72. 


SG 


THE  ANCHOR  LINE  OF  STEAMERS. 


That  Trip  down  the  Bay. 

Wo  vrcceivcd,  a  whilo  ago,  an  invitation  from  Messrs.  Henderson  Brothers, 
of  the  celebrated  Anchor  Steamship  Line,  to  participate  in  a  trip  given  by  tho 
agents  of  that  line  down  New  York  Bay  as  far  as  Long  Branch,  on  hoard  of  their 
new  steamer  "  California."  We  were  not  able  to  avail  ourselves  of  the  tendered 
politeness,  but,  from  those  who  were,  wo  have  highly-eulogistic  accounts  of  the 
delightful  trip  of  the  line,  and  of  ths  "  California."  She  is  described  as  a  model 
Steamship  in  every  respect  Her  cabins  are  high  and  airy,  and  her  fur- 
nishings and  appointments  are  all  elegant  and  luxurious.  On  the  whole,  the 
"  California  "  is  regarded  as  the  best  representative  of  the  numerous  Atlantic  fleet 
of  steamships  now  afloat.  Six  others,  of  a  like  character,  are  to  be  added  to  The 
Anchor  Line,  one  of  which,  tho  "  Victoria,"  has  been  launched,  and  the  other 
five  are  in  tho  courso  of  construction.  Forty-six  steamers  have  been  built  for 
this  line  within  the  past  fifteen  years,  seventeen  of  which  have  been  put  into  the 
Atlantic  trade.  These  are  now  to  be  followed  by  the  express  passenger  steamers, 
consisting  of  tho  "California"  and  her  six  associates,  which  are  to  be  larger, 
costlier,  and  more  thoroughly  and  elegantly  equipped  than  any  of  their  prede- 
cessors, themselves  noblo  ships,  which  have  given  the  "  Anchor  "  a  universal 
popularity  with  the  Europe-going  public.  To  the  chief  agent  in  New  York,  Mr. 
Francis  MacDonald,  for  many  years  the  representative  of  this  popular  line,  much 
praise  is  due.  His  exertions  in  raising  The  Anchor  Line  to  its  now  proud  posi- 
tion are  well  known  and  fully  appreciated  by  the  American  travelling  public. 

The  history  of  the  career  of  the  Henderson  Brothers,  which  involves  also  a 
history  of  The  Anchor  Line,  as  given  by  the  Nautical  Gazette,  is  an  interesting 
one.  It  shows  what  pluck,  energy,  and  well-directed  enterprise,  can  accomplish. 
From  boys,  starting  out  of  the  Clyde,  they  have  gone  on,  rising  through  all  the 
gradations  of  nautical  life,  until  they  stand  at  tho  head  of  the  most  formidable 
steamship  lines  in  the  world,  having  under  their  control  a  greater  tonnage  than 
most  of  the  nations  of  the  earth.  And  tho  travelling  public,  which  is  every 
year  growing  more  and  more  numerous,  is  reaping  the  benefit  of  their  success 
in  greatly-improved  facilities  and  accommodations  for  crossing  the  ocean. — Chi- 
cago Standard,  September  5,  1872. 

Tha  Anchor  Line.— Their  Latest  Triumph  in  Naval  Architecture. 

In  1S3C,  The  Anchor  Line  of  steamers,  which  has  since  grown  to  such  propor- 
tions in  the  carrying-trade,  was  started  by  Ilandyside  &  Henderson,  of  Glasgow, 
with  a  single  steamer.  The  projectors  were  men  of  shrewdness  and  sagacity, 
having  a  thorough  knowledge  of  tho  shipping-trade,  and  tneir  enterprise  was 
entered  into  with  a  full  understanding  of  its  needs.  Before  them  it  had  seemed  im- 
possible to  establish  steam-traffic  between  Glasgow  and  New  York.  Their  first 
venture  was  crowned  with  success,  and  another  and  another  steamer  was  added 
to  their  list,  until  the  line  had  forty-six  steamers  in  their  employ,  seventeen  of 
which,  ranging  from  1,500  to  3,500  tons,  were  built  for  the  Atlantic  service. 
Even  this  large  number  was  found  to  be  insufficient  to  accommodate  the  traffic, 
and  now  seven  new  steamers,  whoso  aggregate  tonnage  will  be  over  23,000  tons, 
are  to  be  constructed  for  it.  These,  when  completed,  will  be  valued  at  half  a 
million  dollars  each,  and  will  be  the  finest  fleet  of  vessels  afloat.  They  are  being 
constructed  at  Glasgow,  by  Messrs.  Alexander  Stephens  &  Sons  

On  the  14th  of  August,  through  the  kindness  of  the  resident  partner  of  the 
firm,  Mr.  Francis  MacDonald,  of  New  York,  a  grand  excursion  down  the  bay 
was  participated  in  by  members  of  the  press  and  invited  guests.  Down  to  Long 
Branch  they  steamed,  and  then  about  and  returned  to  New  York.  A  dinner,  under 
whose  weight  of  sumptuous  delicacies  tho  tables  fairly  groaned,  was  given  on 
board,  which  was  participated  in  by  the  six  hundred  guests  with  a  relish  that 
only  sea-air  can  give.  Grafulla's  famous  band  accompanied  the  excursion.  Mr. 
MacDonald,  to  whose  careful  management  the  affair  owed  its  brilliant  success,  is 
the  resident  partner  of  the  house,  and  to  his  business  sagacity  is  to  be  placed  a 
great  part  of  the  credit  of  tho  rapid  growth  in  the  American  business  of  tho 
line.  The  excursionists  returned  more  than  pleased  with  their  journey,  and  the 
vessel  sailed,  a  day  or  two  afterward,  for  Glasgow  with  a  full  list  of  passengers 
and  freight. — Kansas  City  {Mo.)  Bulletin,  September  5,  1872. 

The  Anchor  Line  Excursion. 

To  tho  Messrs.  Henderson  Bros.,  through  their  agents  in  the  United  States, 
must  be  given  the  credit  of  inaugurating  something  entirely  new  in  the  way  of 
editorial  or  journalistic  excursions.  About  the  5th  of  August  the  editors  of  the 
more  prominent  journals,  throughout  tho  country,  received  tho  compliments  of 
Messrs.  Henderson,  and  were  requested  to  partake  of  their  hospitality  in  a  trip 
down  New  York  harbor,  and  out  to  sea,  on  the  latest  addition  to  the  ships  of 
their  line,  the  "  California."  Accordingly,  on  August  14th,  a  company  of  from 
500  to  GOO,  largely  composed  of  newspaper  men  and  their  lady  friends,  met  on 
board  the  steamer  and  were  treated  in  a  right  royal  way,  as  a  statement  of  the 
facts  will  warrant  us  in  affirming.  Tho  steamer  left  her  dock  at  11  A.  m.,  gayly 
decorated  with  tho  flags  of  all  nations,  and  steamed  down  the  harbor  of  New 
York  and  out  to  sea  some  40  miles,  then  down  to  tho  beach  at  Long  Branch, 
where  a  royul  saluto  was  fired  in  honor  of  President  Grant,  after  Which  the 
6teamcr  was  turned  homeward,  and  the  guests  invited  to  the  saloon  on  the  lower 
deck,  where  a  most  sumptuous  banquet  was  served,  embracing  a  great  variety 
of  meats,  vegetables,  fruits,  and  delicacies.    After  all  demands  of  appetite  were 


satisfied,  toasts  and  speeches  were  in  order.  General  Lew  Wallace,  Mr.  Francis 
MacDonald,  chief  agent  of  The  Anchor  Line  at  New  York,  Mr.  James  Warrack, 
British  vice-consul  at  Chicago,  were  among  those  who  responded  with  eloquent 
speeches  to  some  of  the  toasts.  The  steamer  arrived  at  her  dock  at  1  o'clock  i>. 
M.,  when  all  pronounced  tho  excursion  a  grand  success,  which  was  largely  duo 
to  the  untiring  energy  and  efforts  of  Mr.  MacDonald,  who  had  the  entire  manage- 
ment of  the  affair.  The  published  descriptions  of  the  "  California"  give  many 
noteworthy  details  of  public  interest. 

To  sum  up,  the  new  boat  is  probably  to-day  tho  best  representative  of  the 
Atlaulic  carrying-trade  now  afloat.  Six  other  steamers  of  like  build  are  to  fol- 
low, the  second  of  which,  the  "  Victoria,"  has  just  been  launched,  and  the  other 
five  arc  in  course  of  construction. —  Chicago  Interior,  September  5,  lb"2. 

The  Anchor  Line  Excursion. 

Wo  acknowledged  the  receipt  a  few  weeks  ago  of  a  special  invitation  from 
Henderson  Brothers,  proprietors  of  The  Anchor  Line  of  transatlantic  steam 
paekct-ships,  to  attend  an  excursion  down  New  York  Bay,  on  board  tho  "  Cali- 
fornia," a  new  ship  recently  added  to  the  line.  From  our  youth  up  we  have 
always  been  an  ardent  admirer  of  a  fine  ship,  or,  in  fact,  any  thing  of  nautical 
beauty  and  grace  which  skims  the  blue  surface  of  the  ocean,  or  dashingly 
ploughs  its  way  through  the  ever-restless  billows.  Aside,  however,  from  tho 
name,  "California,"  so  peculiarly  attractive  and  interesting  to  people  of  the 
Pacific  coast,  the  description  of  this  new  traverser  of  the  broad  Atlantic  indicated 
a  noble,  effective,  commodious,  safe,  and  comfortable  ship,  such  as  American  or 
European  travellers  always  delight  in  making  themselves  at  home  on  board  of 
when  crossing  the  broad  ocean.  We  could  not  help  feeling  disappointed  in 
being  unable  to  join  the  excursion,  and  can  appreciate  the  glowing  accounts  of 
those  who  did.  Invitations  had  been  sent  out  by  the  liberal,  public-spirited 
proprietors  to  all  parts  of  tho  country;  consequently  there  were  present  people 
from  various  sections,  representing  divers  professions  and  nationalities,  and  the 
guests,  including  ladies  and  children,  numbered  nearly  600. 

Tho  day  was  propitious,  tho  ship  splendidly  decorated  with  flags,  signals, 
etc.,  a  fine  brass  band  was  on  board,  and  the  spirits  of  all  the  guests  were  high 
with  pleasing  anticipations  of  the  joys  and  novelties  of  the  ocean-trip  in  so  large 
and  fine  a  ship.  A  correspondent  gives  a  very  pleasing  description  of  the  occa- 
sion, from  which  we  extract  the  following  : 

The  sail  down  tho  bay  was  highly  enjoyed,  giving  splendid  views  of  the 
lowest  part  of  New  York,  of  Brooklyn,  the  East  river  and  its  shipping,  past 
Governor's  Island,  Coney  Island,  Staten  Island,  with  its  many  handsome  resi- 
dences ;  past  the  many  forts  of  stone  and  earth,  by  which,  with  many  guns, ' 
ranging  in  calibre  up  to  twenty  inches,  the  harbor  of  New  York  is  thoroughly 
defended ;  past  Quarantine  station,  where  on  anchored  hulks,  and  in  hospitals  on 
a  little  rocky  island,  passengers  arriving  from  other  ports  with  infectious  dis- 
eases are  isolated  and  treated,  and  where  the  Spanish  iron-clad,  "  Numancia," 
with  yellow  fever  on  board,  is  now  detained ;  past  Sandy  Hook,  off  which  in- 
coming vessels  take  on  pilots  from  their  jaunty  little  yachts,  of  w  hich  we  saw 
several;  and  then  we  were  fairly  "out  on  the  ocean  sailing,"  with  our  eastward 
and  southward  view  limited  only  by  the  horizon,  formed  by  the  waste  of  waters, 
bearing  on  their  bosom  many  ships  whose  appearance,  near  or  remote,  practically 
illustrated  one  of  our  childhood's  geography  proofs,  that  the  world  is  round. 
Between  2  and  3  o'clock  we  were  off  Long  Branch,  and,  steaming  down  in  front 
of  its  famous  beach,  with  its  great  hotels  and  charming  cottages,  fired  a  saluto 
when  off  President  Grant's,  which  was  acknowledged  by  the  dipping  of  the  flag 
on  his  house,  and  having  had  a  sail  of  nearly  forty  miles,  with  water  no  rougher 
than  Lake  Mcndota  often  is,  and  of  course  no  sea-sickness. 

While  off  Long  Branch  the  passengers  were  invited  to  a  dinner  on  the  lower 
deck  amidships,  which  was  fitted  up  temporarily  for  a  dining-saloon,  as  tho 
cabin  was  inadequate  to  accommodate  tho  large  crowd  on  hoard.  A  superbly- 
got-up  bill  of  fare,  printed  on  extra  large  letter-paper,  embraced  a  great  variety 
of  meats,  vegetables,  fruits,  and  delicacies,  with  which  the  handsomely-spread 
tables  were  crowded,  and  from  which  tho  demands  of  appetite,  sharpened  by  a 
bracing  sea-breeze,  could  bo  abundantly  satisfied.  It  was  a  couple  of  hours 
before  the  whole  company,  including  the  ship's  officers,  had  eaten  and  drunk 
their  fill,  and  then  apart  of  the  company  assembled  in  the  spacious  cabin  and 
listened  to  toasts  and  speeches.  The  toasts  were  all  suitably  responded  to  and 
heartily  cheered,  with  appropriate  music  following.  Everybody  enjoyed,  appre- 
ciated, and  applauded,  and  the  frequent  popping  of  champagne-corks  showed 
lively  drinking  by  some.  With  renewed  enjoyment  of  tho  views  afforded,  with 
music  of  the  band,  to  which  there  was  dancing  on  the  upper  deck,  the  playing 
of  the  bagpipes  by  a  couple  of  fine-looking  Scotchmen,  clad  in  the  national 
costume,  singing,  and  social  intercourse,  tho  return-voyage  was  made  pleasant, 
and  at  1  o'clock  p.  K.  they  were  again  at  their  pier,  the  hearty  cheers  of  all  con- 
cerned in  arranging  the  excursion  testifying  to  the  appreciation  of  those  who  had 
participated  in  what  has  never  been  attempted  but  once  before,  and  that  on  a 
much  smaller  scale  by  another  line.—  Gold  Hill  {Nevada)  Netcs,  September  0, 1S72. 

• 

Anchor  Line. 

Having  received  an  invitation  from  Henderson  &  Brothers  to  go  on  an  ex- 
cursion from  New  York  to  Long  Branch  in  their  new  ocean-steamer  "  Cali- 


THE  ANCHOR  LINE  OF  STEAMERS. 


37 


tbrtlia,"  I  availed  myself  of  the  opportunity,  and  Lave  no  regrets  for  so  doing, 
as  I  had  a  fine  sail  and  a  chance  of  examining  an  elegant  steamer,  'well  fitted  for 
comfort  and  pleasure  for  an  ocean-voyage,  with  spleudid  state-rooms  for  cabin 
passengers ;  and  for  intermediate  and  stecrago  passengers  the  accommodations 
arc  nice.  While  we  were  at  dinner  wo  arrived  opposite  Long  Branch.  They 
saluted  President  Grant  by  firing  several  guns,  and  then  turned  the  steamer's 
course  toward  home,  arriving  at  pier  No.  20  about  8  o'clock  p.  m.  All  were  well 
pleased  with  the  excursion.  Having  seen  the  vessel  and  sailed  in  her,  I  can 
with  confidence  solicit  the  patronage  of  the  community,  feeling  assured  that 
they  would  be  pleased  with  the  accommodations  and  with  the  officers  and  crew, 
who  do  every  thing  reasonable  to  make  a  sea-voyage  pleasant.  For  any  further 
information  desired,  please  apply  to  George  W.  Collins,  Agent. 

— Rhode  Island  rendulum,  September  6,  1872. 

Ocean-Steamships, 

One  of  the  most  enterprising  of  our  ocean-steamship  companies  appears  to  be 
The  Anchor  Line,  of  New  York,  of  which  Mr.  Frank  Steele  is  agent  at  Kouse- 
villo.  This  company  recently  sent  invitations  to  all  their  agents  throughout  the 
United  States  to  come  to  New  York  and  enjoy  an  excursion  to  Long  Branch  on 
their  elegant  new  steamer  "  California."  Not  content  with  this,  they  paid  all  the 
expenses  their  agents  incurred  on  the  occasion. 

The  company  had  reduced  their  rates  of  fares  so  low  that  an  impression  pre- 
vailed that  The  Anchor  Line  steamers  were  second  class  ;  and  their  agents  were 
invited  on  this  excursion  to  enable  them  to  inspect  the  steamers  and  thereafter 
speak  of  their  merits  from  personal  knowledge.  Their  faith  in  the  popularity 
of  low  prices  is  now  being  so  well  rewarded  by  an  increasing  traffic  that  they  are 
compelled  to  keep  adding  to  their  line  new  and  still  larger  vessels. 

The  excursion  took  place  on  the  14th  ult.,  and  judging  by  the  printed  bills 
of  fare,  programme  of  toasts,  and  the  accounts  given  by  those  who  participated, 
these  "  Jolly  Anchorites"  must  have  had  a  jolly  time  indeed. — Iiouseville  Penn- 
si/lvanian,  September  7,  1S72. 

An  Excursion  we  have  missed. 

We  have  received  the  following  printed  circular . 

Anchor  Line  of  the  Transatlantic,  Peninsular,  and  Mediterranean  Steam- 
ships, 324  Wabash  Avenue. 

Chicago,  August  2G,  1872. 
Dear  Sir:  Not  having  heard  from  you  in  reply  to  the  invitation  of  the  29th 
ult.,  and  card  of  admission  to  the  trip  down  New  York  Bay  to  Long  Branch,  and 
the  entertainment  given  on  our  steamships  "California"  and  "  Trinacria,"  we 
were  disappointed  in  not  being  favored  with  your  company.  We  enclose  a  pro- 
gramme of  the  proceedings,  etc.,  and  hope  that  on  our  next  simliar  excursion 
you  may  be  able  to  form  one  of  the  party. 

Yours,  respectfully, 

Henderson  Brothers. 

Is  that  so?  Didn't  hear  from  us  ?  Sho !  That  is  too  bad.  But  then,  come 
to  recollect,  the  invitation  didn't  reach  us.  Perhaps  that  might  remotely  account 
for  your  not  hearing  from  us.  Disappointed,  were  you?  Well,  we  feared  you 
would  be.  Don't  see  how  the  excursion  even  got  along  without  us.  Thank  you 
for  the  programme  of  the  proceedings,  and  Williams  of  Fare,  etc.  Wc  see  now 
what  wo  have  missed.  We  felt  all  along  wc  were  an  excursion  out  somewhere. 
Wc  would  wake  up  in  the  night  and  say  "Here,  why  ain't  we  out  on  the  ex- 
curse?"  Now  we  see  it  all.  "  Hope  that  on  our  next  similar  excursion  you  will 
be  able  to  form  one  of  the  party?"  Guess  notl  May  bo  we  won't  be  there! 
And,  say,  make  us  out  a  season  pass  on  The  Anchor  Line  while  you  are  about 
it.  We  'anker  for  it.  Wc  might  not  bo  able  to  attend  your  regular  excursions, 
but  could  organize  a  little  independent  excursion  of  our  own  some  off  day. 
"  We'll  stand  the  storm,  it  won't  be  long — 
We'll  Anchor  by-and-by." 

—  Cincinnati,  Fat  Contributor's  Saturday  Rigid,  September  7,  1872. 

How  the  Anchor  Line  contributss  to  the  Comfort  of  those  who  travel. 

m    ,    T7,.  y    _   ,.  Feeoay,  August  16, 1872. 

To  the  Editor  of  the  Workingmaw  s  Advocate: 

Intercourse  between  people  of  different  nationalities  creates  a  state  of  affairs, 
whose  natural  tendency  is  to  a  condition  of  universal  peace.  During  the  past 
decade  this  mutual  intercourse  has  greatly  increased.  Formerly  a  trip  to  Europe 
was  something  beyond  the  hopes  of  many  thousands  who  are  now,  thanks  to  the 
spread  of  liberalism,  in  a  position  to  enjoy  the  trip.  Kailroads  in  Europe,  although 
to  a  less  degree  than  in  the  United  States,  have  brought  travel  in  the  Old  World 
within  the  means  of  moderate  incomes.  A  flying  trip  through  Europe  can  now 
be  made  by  one  line  of  steamers,  enabling  the  traveller  to  visit  Eome  and  Paris 
as  well  as  London,  at  a  cost  of  about  $250,  American  currency.  The  line  afford- 
ing an  opportunity  to  make  a  foreign  tour  at  such  a  small  cost  is  known  as  The 
Anchor  Line.  It  has  recently  added  five  steamers  of  the  largest  class,  and 
equipped  in  a  superb  style.  The  arrival  of  the  first  of  these  new  steamers  (the 
"California")  was  made  an  occasion  of  an  excursion  to  Long  Branch.  Many 
guests  were  invited  from  all  over  the  United  States.    It  is  a  little  singular  that 


when  other  lines  have  had  to  be  kept  up  by  heavy  subsidies,  The  Anchor  Line, 
at  its  low  rates  of  passage,  should  meet  with  such  success.  It  was  started  by  a 
firm  who  commenced  a  natural  course  together  in  an  humble  manner  till,  finally, 
they  have  become  the  owners  of  the  present  mammoth  fleet.    The  new  boat  on 

which  this  excursion  was  made  was  built  and  finished  at  Glasgow  

It  is  little  wonder  that  the  managers  of  the  line  should  be  proud  of  such  a 
ship,  or  that  they  should  have  made  its  visit  to  New  York  the  occasion  of  the 
trip  above  referred  to.  The  idea,  we  believe,  originated  with  Francis  MacDonald, 
Esq.,  the  resident  agent  of  the  lino  and  one  of  its  spirited  proprietors.  The 
time  fixed  was  the  14th  of  August,  and  on  that  day  the  merriest  company  that 
ever  rode  out  of  New  York  Bay  were  assembled.  There  were  music  and  dancing, 
and  all  the  auxiliary  comforts  so  prized  on  such  an  occasion.  Mr.  MacDonald 
was  host  for  tho  day,  and  bravely  he  filled  the  position.  Arrived  off  Long 
Branch  a  sumptuous  dinner  was  served,  and  after  dinner  came  the  "feast  of  rea- 
son and  flow  of  soul."  Among  the  orators  were  Jame3  Warrack,  Esq.,  who 
responded  to  the  toast  of  "  the  Agents" — in  whose  honor  the  excursion  was 
given — General  Lew  Wallace,  who  spoke  about  "  tho  Army  and  Navy,"  Hon. 
Erastus  Brooks,  who  told  what  he  knew  about  the  advantages  of  the  telegraph, 
Hon.  Henry  Nicol,  who  expressed  the  wishes  of  all  on  board  in  wishing  that  tho 
career  of  the  "  California"  might  be  as  beneficial  to  The  Anchor  Line  as  her 
prototype  had  been  to  the  Union,  and  Captain  B.  S.  Osbon,  who  said  a  good 
word  for  poor  Jack. 

The  trip  throughout  was  a  decided  success,  and  cannot  fail  to  be  remembered 
with  pleasure  by  all  who  were  so  fortunate  as  to  participate.  It  served  a  two- 
fold purpose — it  showed  to  tho  agents  of  the  lino  how  the  proprietors  appreciate 
their  services,  and  it  showed  to  the  public  that  the  lino  possesses  boats  second 
to  those  of  no  other. —  Workingmari's  Advocate,  September  7,  1872. 

The  Anchor  Line  Excursion. 

The  Messrs.  Henderson  Brothers,  the  well-known  projectors  and  proprietors 
of  the  celebrated  Anchor  Line,  are  gentlemen  of  world-wide  experience  in  their 
particular  calling,  and,  consequently,  when  they  do  any  thing  they  do  it  well. 
The  excursion  given  by  them  on  board  the  magnificent  steamship  "  California," 
on  the  14th  ult.,  was  beyond  any  doubt  the  most  successful  and  creditable  one 
ever  earned  out  by  any  company.  It  afforded  unbounded  satisfaction  to  the 
large  but  very  select  party  which  had  the  good  fortune  to  be  invited,  and  all  con- 
ceded it  to  be  the  most  enjoyable  excursion  of  the  season. 

The  history  of  the  Henderson  Brothers  affords  a  bright  example  of  what 
indomitable  perseverance  combined  with  integrity  can  accomplish.  Starting  out 
from  the  Clyde  in  a  little  smack,  some  forty  years  ago,  the  brothers,  then  mere 
youths,  began  their  sea-life,  gradually  acquiring  knowledge  and  experience,  until 
they  became  conversant  with  every  detail  in  connection  with  vessels,  from  tho 
small  smack  to  the  large  ocean-steamer.  Practising  economy  and  sterling  integ- 
rity, these  boys  grew  up  to  manhood,  imbued  with  all  the  intelligence  necessary 
to  build  a  lasting  business-structure,  which  has  increased  iu  magnitude  and 
power  year  by  year,  and  is  yet  destined  to  outrival  even  their  most  sanguine  ex- 
pectations. During  the  last  fifteen  rears  they  have  had  a  fleet  of  forty-six, 
steamers  specially  built  for  them.  The  "  California,"  the  latest  addition  to  The 
ANcnoR  Line,  is  the  first  of  a  fleet  of  vessels,  of  a  new  and  improved  type,  six 
of  which  will  soon  follow,  at  a  cost  of  §3,000,000.  The  "  California"  was  built 
and  finished  at  Glasgow  

The  banquet  given  on  board  was  a  most  brilliant  affair.  The  dinner  con- 
sisted of  ten  courses,  and  embraced  every  thing  which  the  most  epicurean  taste 
could  desire.  After  the  removal  of  the  cloth  numerous  toasts  were  given,  and  ably 
responded  to  by  Hon.  Erastus  Brooks,  General  Lew  Wallace,  and  other  well-known 
gentlemen.  At  a  late  hour  the  guests  left  the  ship  at  LongBranch,  and  returned 
to  the  city  in  the  steamship  "  California,"  highly  gratified  with  the  generous  man- 
ner in  which  they  had  been  received  and  feted.  Great  credit  is  due  to  Mr. 
Francis  MacDonald,  the  resident  partner  of  the  firm,  for  the  excellent  way  in 
which  he  carried  out  the  whole  programme.  The  "  California"  sailed  the  fol- 
lowing morning  with  a  full  passenger-list  and  a  good  cargo,  and,  in  the  words 
of  one  of  the  toasts,  we  can  only  hope  that  "her  career  may  be  as  beneficial  to 
The  Anchor  Line  as  her  golden  prototype  has  been  to  the  Union."  Henderson 
Brothers,  324  Wabash  Avenue,  arc  the  Chicago  representatives  of  the  firm.  Our 
best  thanks  are  due  them  for  favors  received  in  connection  with  the  excursion. — 
Western  Catholic,  September  7,  1872. 

Grand  Excursion  of  the  Anchor  Line— 9n  Board  the  Steamship  11  California." 

To  the  Editor  of  the  Union  Sentinel  : 

Enterprise  without  liberality  must  ever  confine  itself  within  a  narrowed 
sphere,  but,  when  in  a  company  these  two  admirable  qualities  are  combined, 
success  and  wide-spread  influence  are  sure  to  follow. 

During  the  present  month  The  Anchor  Line  of  Transatlantic  Steamships 
issued  cards  of  invitation  to  all  its  agents  throughout  the  United  States,  as  well 
as  to  its  numerous  friends,  with  their  ladies,  for  a  grand  excursion  and  banquet  on 
board  the  steamship  "  California,"  the  latest  triumph  of  the  Clyde,  and  one  of  the 
noblest  vessels  afloat.  The  expenses  of  every  guest  to  and  from  New  York  were 
paid,  and  every  facility  given  those  who  had  never  beheld  the  great  commercial 
centre,  or  gazed  upon  an  ocean-steamer,  to  enjoy  a  brief  holiday  to  the  top  of 


3S 


THE  AS Cll 'OR  LINE  OF  STEAMERS. 


their  bent.  Being  one  of  Uie  lucky  ones  myself,  and  convinced  that  tlie  descrip- 
tion of  such  a  vessel  must  prove  of  interest  to  some  of  your  readers,  I  shall  lay 
before  them  an  account  of  the  trip. 

Clear  and  sunny  broko  the  morning  over  the  myriads  of  sails,  and  the  busy 
world  of  life  which  swarms,  and  jostles,  and  bargains  upon  the  margin  of  the 
great  city  of  New  York.  Upon  pier  No.  20,  the  headquarters  cf  tho  line,  all  was 
animation  and  gayety.  On  one  side  lay  tho  "  Trinacria,"  all  ready  for  tho 
outward-bound  passage;  on  tho  other,  tho  "California,"  bedecked  in  all  the 
bridal  colors  of  a  sailor's  fancy.  From  stem  to  stern  the  bunting  fluttered,  and 
the  stars  and  stripes  of  the  New  World  waved  a  peaceful  and  friendly  greeting  to 
tlie  union  jack  of  old  England.  Tho  gangway,  adorned  with  flags,  stood  ready- 
to  receive  the  goodly  company.  About  9  o'clock,  a  party  of  guests  from  a  dis- 
tance sat  down  to  a  sumptuous  breakfast  on  the  "  Trinacria,"  and  to  many  of 
them  it  proved  a  novelty  indeed.  Breakfast  ashore,  unless  it  be  perhaps  a  wed- 
ding-breakfast, or  a  breakfast  previous  to  a  fellow's  execution,  is  a  prosaic 
enough  affair ;  but  breakfast  upon  an  ocean-steamer  to  one  who  has  never, 
perhaps,  even  snuffed  a  breath  of  the  glorious  sea,  is  something  to  awaken  the 
greatest  interest  and  appetite.  The  Scotch  salmon  and  various  delicacies  soon 
vanished,  and  having  taken  in  ballast  we  proceeded  on  deck,  and  amused  our- 
selves by  inspecting  the  vessel  which  that  night  should  be  rocking  in  the  cradle 
of  the  deep,  and  examining  with  many  feelings  of  interest  the  faces  of  the  out- 
ward-bound wanderers.  As  the  hour  of  sailing  approached,  guests  from  all 
quarters  began  to  arrive,  and,  as  wo  had  a  few  moments  left  before  going  on 
board,  we  had  time  to  take  an  outside  view  of  the  "  California."  This  magnifi- 
cent ship  was  built  at  Glasgow.  .  .  .  The  model  and  symmetry  of  the  "Califor- 
nia" are  beautiful,  and  her  engines  and  the  numerous  improvements  in  marine 
machinery  have  been  the  wonder  and  admiration  of  all  New  York  mechanical 
men,  and  are  really  a  wrondcrful  advance  in  the  history  of  marine  engineering. 

The  gangway  now  presented  a  gay  appearance.  At  the  foot  thereof  stood 
Captain  Lucas,  who  received  the  various  gentlemen  and  their  ladies  with  that 
grace  and  nonchalance  only  acquired  in  the  army  and  in  large  companies.  At 
the  head  of  the  gangway  the  tickets  were  checked  by  Mr.  Lamont  and  assistant ; 
the  black  whiskers  and  gorgeous  raiment  of  the  former  affording  the  ladies  a 
faint  idea  of  the  eastern  splendor  and  southern-Scottish  hospitality  awaiting 
them  on  board.  Once  on  deck,  they  were  formally  received  by  Mr.  Francis 
MaeDonald,  the  guiding  spirit  of  the  day,  and  one  of  the  most  original  and 
energetic  of  the  business-men  of  New  York,  whose  hearty  Scotch  welcome  and 
honest  shake  of  tho  hand  placed  one  and  all,  at  once,  at  their  ease.  In  this 
pleasant  duty  he  was  admirably  assisted  by  Mr.  Henderson,  one  of  the  firm, 
whose  quiet  and  gentlemanly  manners  won  for  him  golden  opinions  from  all 
sorts  of  people.  All  being  in  readiness,  the  ladies  seated,  and  the  captain  on  the 
bridge,  the  word  was  given,  and  the  gangway  drawn  on  shore.  So,  amid  the 
strains  of  the  English  national  anthem,  played  by  the  band  of  the  Seventh  New 
York  militia,  the  great  ship  moved  slowly  from  her  resting-place,  the  guns  gave 
forth  their  thunder,  and  the  air  trembled  with  the  returning  salutes.  It  was  a 
gay  and  beautiful  sight,  and  overcome  with  the  emotion  necessarily  produced, 
and  the  affectionate  feelings  naturally  engendered  by  the  presenco  of  so  many 
friends,  we  betook  om-selves  to  the  grand  saloon  to  drink  a  pledge  to  the  pleas- 
ure of  the  day  and  the  fortunes  of  The  Ancuoe  Line.  We  had  now  an  oppor- 
tunity of  surveying  the  spacious  decks  and  numerous  conveniences  presented 
for  the  use  of  the  passengers.  Here  a  smoking-room,  with  its  green-and-goldcn 
walls,  marooti-colorei  cushions,  and  silver-plated  chandeliers,  invites  the  travel- 
ler to  his  siesta;  here,  upon  tho  wide  ocean,  could  one  revel  in  luxury  and 
smoke  the  calumet  in  peaceful  resignation  "o'er  a'  the  ills  of  life  victorious." 
Above  the  entrance  to  tho  saloon  is  situated  a  delightful  lookout  and  prom- 
enade, where,  beneath  the  awning,  one  might  sit  and  enjoy  the  cooling  breezes 
and  the  grandest  of  all  sights — the  boundless  sea.  The  entrance  to  the  grand 
saloon  is  very  imposing.  Beautifully  inlaid  with  costly  trimmings,  lofty  and 
elegant  mirrors,  silver  chandeliers,  make  up  a  picture  of  comfort  scarcely  to  be 
conceived  in  connection  with  life  at  sea.  The  grand  saloon  is  40  feet  wide  by  45 
long.  The  panelling  is  polished  teak,  inlaid  with  rare  woods,  and  carved  with 
gold.  The  ceiling  is  painted  a  delicate  sea-green;  the  sofas  are  of  maroon- 
eolored  Russia  leather;  costly  luffets,  marble-topped  and  silver-trimmed,  gave 
an  air  of  luxury  and  grace.  The  carpet  is  of  rich  green,  and  the  dome  of  the 
saloon  is  richly  tinted  and  adorned  with  rare  and  exotic  plants.  Heavy  mirrors 
reflect  on  all  sides  this  fairy  palace,  and  a  fine  piano  and  well-filled  library  add 
to  the  comfort  and  home  feeling  of  this  floating  hotel.  In  fact,  any  man  who 
could  feci  dull,  surrounded  by  such  luxury,  and  the  good  company  always  to  be 
met  with  in  crossing  the  ocean,  is  a  fellow  who  ought  to  have  a  cell  at  Sing- 
Sing,  or  be  compelled  to  ride,  every  day  of  his  life,  on  the  Eiio  road.  The  state- 
rooms aro  commodious,  and  every  comfort,  in  the  way  of  bath-rooms  and  lava- 
tories, has  been  provided  for  the  use  of  the  guests. 

It  was  a  wonderful  sight  to  the  thirsty  Westerner,  or,  for  the  matter  of  that,  to 
the  drouthy  Washingtonian,  accustomed  to  the  mild  charge  of  $1  per  drink  for 
adulterated  brandy,  to  behold  bottles  of  magnificent  "  Martel"  drawn,  as  if  by 
magic,  and  the  willing  Mercuries  ready  at  the  clapping  of  hands  to  disappear, 
and  return  laden  with  Bass  ale,  London  porter,  ginger-pop,  soda-water,  and  all 
the  exhilarating  accompaniments  to  enjoyment  and  long  life.  Having  refreshed 
the  inner  consciousness,  we  returned  on  deck  and  mingled  with  the  gay  groups 
who  promenaded,  or  sat  within  tho  sheltered  nooks.    There  were  men  from 


every  State  in  the  Union,  clear-headed,  business-looking  men;  and  sprinkled 
among  them  here  and  there  were  editors,  lawyers,  doctors,  divines,  literary  men, 
merchants,  all  sorts  and  conditions  of  human  toilers,  all  glad  of  a  breathing-spell 
from  the  crank  of  every-day  life.  The  nationalities  were  well  represented,  Scot- 
land being  of  course  at  the  helm.  Two  brawny  Highlanders,  clad  in  the  warlike 
kilt  of  former  days,  now  rapidly  giving  way,  before  tho  march  of  "  Sartor  Sar- 
torus."  to  the  more  Sassenach  and  modern  appendages  called  "  brccks,"  played 
the  pipes,  and  sent  the  wild  music  of  the  Scottish  mountains  to  woo  the  echoes 
of  the  golden  West.  Strange  to  think  that  the  garb  of  ancient  chivalry  and  tho 
warlike  melodies  of  the  Scottish  Highlander  should  stand  upon  the  deck  of  one 
of  the  triumphs  of  modern  art,  looked  down  upon  by  a  sky  that  was  not  dreamt 
of,  and  guarded  by  a  shore  that  was  a  terra  incognita  in  the  days  of  feudal  glory. 
Strange,  also,  that  where  we  now  steamed,  among  the  w  hite  sails  of  every  clime, 
and  past  the  marble  palaces  of  wealth  and  civilization,  the  war-cry  of  the  Indian 
has  sounded  amid  the  forest,  and  the  canoe  raised  the  only  ripple  upon  these 
virgin  waters.  To  the  cheering  strains  of  the  band,  and  tho  occasional  sound 
of  the  pipes,  wc  glided  down  the  bay,  past  the  forts  and  the  plague-ship,  and  the 
villa-studded  hills  of  Staten  Island,  over  the  sunny  waters  of  the  matchless  boy 
of  New  York,  through  the  Narrows,  and  out  to  the  margin  of  the  open. sea. 
Every  pulse  felt  the  inspiration  of  tho  breeze,  and  it  was  not  to  be  wondered  at 
when  the  band  gave  out  the  opening  notes  of  "  The  Beautiful  Blue  Danube," 
that  the  decks  were  cleared  for  action,  and  the  spirit  of  the  dance  came  over  us. 
Captain  Lucas  was  equally  at  home  as  master  of  ceremonies  on  deck  as  he  had 
been  on  shore,  and  under  his  skilful  management  hearts  that  had  been  in  the 
habit  of  beating  several  thousand  miles  away  from  each  other  were  happily 
united  for  the  brief  period  of  a  waltz  or  quadrille — perhaps  longer.  Who 
knows?  The  ocean  is  a  dreadful  place  for  love-making.  Affection  and  sea- 
sickness go  hand  in  hand.  I  begin  to  understand  why  the  rosy  goddess  made 
her  entrance  upon  the  stage  of  human  life  and  commenced  her  attacks  upon  the 
hearts  of  men  out  of  the  sea.  I  cannot  say  that  my  personal  experience  upon 
that  occasion  savored  of  romance,  perhaps  I  am  past  that  sort  of  thing,  but 
anyhow  I  got  badly  jilted,  and,  bedad !  it  isn't  the  first  time  aither,  and  it 
happened  after  this  wise:  The  set  was  formed,  "  The  Landers ; "  my  partner 
stood  beside  me  all  smiles,  my  conversation  was  of  a  spasmodic  and  briny  cast. 
"  Bum  te  turn,"  we  crossed  hands,  but  it  was  for  the  last  time,  she  was  gone,  left 
me  to  dangle  my  bonnet  and  plume  alone.  Ah !  why  did  she  leave  me  to  the 
cold  gaze  of  the  bleak  world?  In  vain  did  I  peer  through  the  assembled  crowd. 
Alas  !  the  truth  dawned  upon  me — she  was  united  in  wedlock  to  an  agent  of 
The  Akciiou  Line,  and  her  spouse  had  lost  a  button,  and  so  I  danced  ignomini- 
ously  with  a  youth,  and  the  bell  sounded  for  dinner.  We  were  now  in  front  of 
Long  Branch,  and  we  fired  a  salute  to  attract  the  attention  of  the  Executive,  but 
the  Ex.  was  far  from  tho  land  where  his  young  horses  sleep ;  he  was  in  tho 
White  House.  We  gave  one  fond  look  at  the  Ocean  Hotel,  and  tried  to  catch 
the  eye  of  the  mermaids  who  strew  the  beach  at  Long  Branch,  then  went  below 
to  dinner. 

As  I  threaded  my  way,  as  best  I  might,  down  the  companion-way,  I  reached 
what  might  be  called,  from  its  size  and  magnificence,  the  banqueting-hall.  Hero 
the  arrangements  were  admirable.  The  whole  steerage  part  of  the  ship  had  been 
cleared,  the  roof  and  walls  gayly  decorated  with  flags,  four  long  tables  stretching 
from  end  to  end  positively  groaned  beneath  the  profusion  of  viands,  wines,  and 
delicacies  ;  and  when  tho  company,  numbering  about  five  hundred  and  fifty  per- 
sons, were  all  seated,  tho  effect  was  really  fine.  Every  thing  that  the  taste  could 
desire  was  furnished  the  guests,  and  the  ehampagno  flowed  as  water.  Amid 
the  clatter  of  plates,  the  jingling  of  glasses,  the  popping  of  corks,  the  laughter  of 
silvery  voices,  the  rushing  in  hot  haste  of  stewards,  and  the  general  hilarity,  the 
good  ship  must  have  felt  considerably  astonished,  accustomed  as  she  had  been, 
since  her  christening,  to  the  less  cheerful  wailings  of  the  sea,  and  no  doubt  the 
recollection  of  this  gay  scene  will  serve  to  soothe  her  depressed  feelings  as  she 
tosses  restlessly  some  winter  night  upon  her  stormy  pillow.  No  need  for  the 
salutation  of  the  Scottish  king,  "  May  good  digestion  wait  on  appetite,  and  health 
on  both,"  the  rapidity  with  which  the  viands  disappeared,  and  the  admirable 
justice  done  to  the  various  wines,  showed  tho  "jolly  Anchorites"  to  be  any  thing 
but  hermits  in  their  enjoyment  of  social  pleasure. 

Dinner  over,  the  sound  of  the  pipes  again  stirred  the  slumbering  emotions  of 
the  Celt.  Ladies  and-  gentlemen  promenaded  the  spacious  decks,  awaiting  the 
second  part  of  tl>e  feast,  in  the  shape  of  toasts,  in  the  grand  saloon.  Most  of  tho 
party  being  seated,  and  the  champagne  bottles  being  within  range,  Mr.  MaeDonald 
rose  to  his  feet  and,  in  a  clear  and  sonorous  voice,  gave  out  the  first  toast — "  The 
President  of  the  United  States."  From  the  vestibule  above,  the  strains  of"  The 
Star-spangled  Banner"  floated  on  the  summer-sea,  and  into  tho  hearts  of  tho 
goodly  company  there  assembled,  and,  as  they  drained  t  heir  draughts  of  Rhenish 
down,  three  rousing  cheers  went  up  for  Grant  or  Greeley,  according  to  the  G's 
most  in  favor  with  the  toaster.  Again  the  well-defined  and  honest  accents  of  tho 
chairman  gave  forth  "  The  Queen,"- a  toast  as  dear  to  the  hearts  of  the  old  coun- 
trymen present  as  the  memory  of  their  native  hills.  Again  the  strains  of  the 
band  broke  forth  in  the  national  psalm  of  England,  tho  more  loyal  of  the  party 
rising  to  their  feet,  and  those  to  whom  kings  and  queens  aro  liko  other  folk 
sternly  keeping  their  seats.  Next  came  the  "  Army  and  Navy,"  responded  to  in 
a  logical  and  finished  manner  by  General  Lew  Wallace,  one  whose  record  in  tho 
late  war  well  entitles  him  to  stand  up  at  all  seasons  and  in  every  company  for  thfl 


THE  ANCHOR  LINE  OF  STEAMERS. 


39 


gallant  defenders  of  the  land.  "  Our  guests"  brought  forth  a  well-told  talc  of 
the  history  of  The  Anchor  Line,  its  present  position,  management,  and  history, 
from  Mr.  James  Warrack,  her  Majesty's  consul  at  Chicago.  lie  bestowed  a  warm 
culogium  upon  the  character  and  able  business  management  of  Mr.  MacDonakl, 
for  whom  three  rousing  cheers  were  now  given.  "  The  Port  of  New  York  "  was 
responded  to  by  Dr.  Vander  Poel,  in  a  speech  replete  with  common-sense  and 
interesting  statistics.  "The  good  ship  California,"  responded  toby  Mr.  Henry 
Nicol.  "The  Eailroad  Interest,"  by  Iliram  Dixon,  Esq.  "The  Press,"  re- 
sponded to  by  John  L.  Wilson,  Esq.,  of  the  New  York  Herald.  "  Our  gallant 
sailors,"  by  Captain  B.  S.  Osbon ;  and  "  The  Ladies,"  by  Alfred  Eoe,  Esq.,  were 
the  remaining  toasts,  of  all  which  it  may  be  remarked,  that  they  were  distin- 
guished by  those  rarest  of  qualities  in  speech-making,  tact  and  good-humor. 

The  shadows  were  falling  on  the  beautiful  villas  of  Staten  Island  as  the  noble 
ship  steamed  her  way  into  port.  The  invincible  band  still  channed  the  ear  with 
the  music  of  Strauss,  the  pipes  held  their  own,  and  the  mirth  and  fun  grew  fast 
and  furious.  As  the  band  struck  up  "  Saint  Patrick's  Day,"  a  party  of  rollick- 
ing broths  of  boys  stepped  forth,  and  footed  it  in  regular  old  style;  and  as  the 
pipes  tuned  up  a  Scotch  reel  or  strathspey,  the  spirit  of  the  Highlander  awoke  to 
the  dance,  and  a  reel  was  immediately  started.  On  all  sides  there  was  but  one 
expression  of  opinion,  unqualified  satisfaction  with  the  magnificent  success  of  the 
day  ;  the  first  attempt  of  the  kind  ever  made  from  the  port  of  New  York.  Not- 
withstanding the  lavish  hospitality  displayed,  there  was  scarcely  an  evidence  of 
intoxication  on  board,  and  the  united  exertions  of  Mr.  MacDonald  and  Mr.  Hen- 
derson to  render  all  happy  met  with  their  reward  in  the  happy  faces  and  warm 
shakings  of  the  hand  which  greeted  them  on  all  sides. 

To  the  strains  of  the  "  Queen's  anthem,"  amid  rounds  of  hearty  cheers, 
again  and  again  repeated,  the  jolly  Anchorites  bade  adieu  to  the  "  California," 
and  to  one  of  the  most  successful  excursions  ever  undertaken  on  this  or  the  other 
side  of  the  Atlantic.  E.  N.  L. 

—  Washington  {D.  C.)  Sentinel,  September  7,  1872. 

A  Pleasure-Trip  on  the  Anchor  Line  Steamship  "  California." 

N  Chicago,  August  31, 1S72. 

Me.  Editor:  Allow  me  in  your  paper  to  give  a  description  of  a  very  suc- 
cessful and  agreeable  excursion,  in  which  I  took  part  by  invitation  of  Messrs. 
Henderson  Brothers,  the  Chicago  agents  of  The  Anchor  Line,  on  board  the  new 
steamship  "  California,"  from  New  York  to  Long  Branch  and  return,  on  the  14th 
of  August.  The  guests  numbered  about  500,  the  majority  of  whom  came  from 
the  vicinity  of  New  York ;  but  many  distant  and  Western  cities,  among  which 
latter  St.  Louis  and  Madison,  were  represented. 

The  "  California  "  is  one  of  the  finest  and  most  elegant  steamers  of  The  Anchor 
Line,  is  3,2S7  tons  measurement,  and  is  propelled  by  machinery  of  1,047  horse- 
power. The  main  saloon,  which  can  accommodate  over  150  passengers,  is  fitted  up 
with  every  modern  luxury.  The  steerage  has  room  for  at  least  POO  passengers. 
This  is  the  eighteenth  steamer  belonging  to  the  Anchor  Line,  on  the  Glasgow 
and  New  York  trade,  and  will,  if  possible,  increase  the  favor  which  this  Line 
already  deservedly  enjoys  on  the  part  of  the  travelling  public  in  America,  and 
emigrants  from  Europe,  for  the  solidity  and  spaciousness  of  its  steamships,  the 
excellent  provisions  supplied  to  passengers,  and  the  ability  and  attentiveness 
shown  by  all  its  officers  and  employe's  to  all  passengers  who  intrust  themselves 
to  their  care.  Before  going  on  board  the  "  California,"  we  were  entertained  to 
a  sumptuous  breakfast  on  board  the  steamship  "  Trinacria,"  another  steamer 
belonging  to  The  Anchor  Line.  The  "  California"  left  her  dock  about  eleven 
o'clock,  and  steamed  down  the  bay.  The  weather  was  beautiful,  and  the  surface 
of  the  sea  so  smooth  that  we  might  have  imagined  ourselves  transported  to  a 
lake,  had  not  the  enormous  giant  on  which  we  were  aboard  reminded  us  that  we 
were  on  the  ocean.  On  arrival  oft'  Long  Branch,  we  were  treated  to  a  most 
splendid  dinner,  which  I  shall  never  forget.  Toasts  were  then  proposed  by 
many  speakers,  and  received  with  loud  applause.  Among  the  speakers  we  par- 
ticularly mention  Mr.  James  Warrack,  British  consul  at  Chicago,  and  manager 
there  of  The  Anchor  Line  Agency.  The  return  to  New  York  was  as  pleasant  and 
animated  as  the  commencement  of  the  trip — and  all  arrived  thoroughly  pleased. 

While  inspecting  this  magnificent  vessel,  we  could  not  help  thinking  of  the 
gigantic  progress  of  this  favorite  Line.  Some  40  years  ago,  four  Scotch  boys  left 
Glasgow  as  sailors,  and  now  they  are  the  members  of  the  firm  of  Handyside  & 
Henderson,  known  all  over  the  world,  and  owners  of  more  than  40  large  iron 
steamships,  which  they  keep  running  between  Europe  and  America,  and  from 
Glasgow  to  all  the  principal  seaports  on  the  Continent  of  Europe.  Six  steamers, 
of  even  larger  size  than  the  "  California,"  are  now  building,  and  will  be  placed 
on  the  trade  as  soon  as  finished. 

When  remembering  the  tremendous  amount  of  money  yearly  passing  through 
the  hands  of  such  a  company,  the  large  number  of  families  who  receive  their 
support  from  it,  and  the  thousands  of  lives  yearly  trusted  to  their  care  and 
ability,  one  will  certainly  feel  satisfied  when  he  has  seen  with  his  eyes  that 
every  thing  is  done  that  human  ability,  wealth,  and  honest  intention,  are  able  to 
do. — Translated  from  the  Chicago  Norwegian,  Jfbrden,  September  7,  1S72. 

The  Anchor  Line  Excursion. 

Some  time  since,  the  editors  of  this  paper  received  an  invitation  to  a  magnifi- 
cent excursion  that  the  managers  of  The  Anchor  Line  at  New  York  gave  to  the 


press,  the  agents  of  the  company,  and  their  friends,  on  board  their  large,  new 
steamship  the  "  California."  Want  of  time  prevented  us  from  going  to  New 
York,  even  to  enjoy  the  most  sumptuous  banquet,  so  we  therefore  sent  the  invita- 
tion to  our  correspondent  in  New  York,  who  now  sends  us  the  following  account 
of  the  trip,  with  many  excuses  for  its  coming  somewhat  post  festum.  As  he  has 
a  great  liking  for  fine  dinners,  we  suppose  that  the  delay  on  his  part  maj  be  ac- 
cepted as  the  best  recommendation,  of  the  excellence  of  the  table  provided,  which 
can  be  given. 

The  AxcnoR  Line  !  Is  there  anybody  who,  when  wishing  to  cross  the  wild 
and  rolling  Atlantic,  will  not  feel  complete  security  and  pleasure  in  giving  him- 
self into  the  charge  of  such  an  excellent  company  as  The  Anchor  Line  ?  If 
there  is  any  one  who  has  not  felt  this,  1  would  only  wish  that  he  had  been  a  par- 
taker of  the  feast,  onboard  the  new  and  very  elegant  steamer  "  California"  of 
The  Anchor  Line,  on  the  14th  of  August,  and  he  would  be  convinced  that  he 
could  never  trust  himself  in  safer  or  more  agreeable  hands  than  those  that  re- 
ceived him  so  politely  and  friendly  as  on  TnE  Anchor  Line  steamers. 

But  let  us  come  to  the  feast.  It  was  11  o'clock  before  all  guests  were  on  board 
the  "  California,"  and,  with  flags  waving  in  profusion  over  our  heads,  the  noble 
vessel  slowly  and  majestically  steamed  across  the  harbor  of  New  York.  Of 
course,  the  first  matter  was  to  thoroughly  examine  the  vessel  from  stem  to  stern, 
which  I  easily  accomplished  through  the  kind  assistance  of  Mr.  James  Warrack, 
the  Chicago  agent  of  the  line,  and  am  satisfied  that  the  "California"  is  a 
masterpiece  in  all  its  parts.  Not  only  is  the  saloon  fitted  like  a  little  floating 
royal  palace,  but  the  steerage  and  every  part  of  the  vessel  are  so  comfortably  and 
intelligently  arranged  that  I  cannot  imagine  the  possibility  of  any  other  ocean- 
steamer  now  afloat  being  able  to  equal  her  in  any  respect. 

On  arrival  off  Long  Branch  a  thundering  salute  of  cannon  was  given  in  honor 
of  President  Grant  on  passing  by  his  cottage,  which  was  replied  to  by  lowering 
the  "  Stars  and  stripes"  which  waved  over  it.  After  which  came  the  important 
portion  of  the  festival,  at  least  it  was  so  to  me,  as  the  tables  were  completely 
covered  with  every  description  of  delicacies.  When  1  went  to  America,  I  went 
in  an  Anchor  Line  steamer,  and  I  have  vowed  never  to  put  my  foot  again  on 
the  deck  of  a  steamer  belonging  to  any  other  line.  I  knew  of  old  what  the  cooks 
of  The  Anchor  Line  were  able  to  put  on  the  table,  but  the  fare  produced  by 
these  sons  of  the  culinary  art  on  the  14th  of  August  surpassed  all  my  most  san- 
guine anticipations.  I  am  not  mistaken,  when  I  state  that  we  had  the  choice  of 
nearly  one  hundred  of  the  rarest  and  most  exquisite  dishes.  Along  with  this, 
the  champagne-corks  were  popping  every  half-minute,  the  Ehine-wine  of  the 
purest  quality  sparkled  as  fire,  in  green  glasses,  and  seemed  to  be  inexhaustible  ; 
the  glasses  were  kept  constantly  full  by  a  ministering  angel,  and  port-wine, 
sherry,  and  red-wine,  flowed  like  water  out  of  a  fire-engine.  Thus  you  will  un- 
derstand that  things  went  on  splendidly. 

We  were  also  well  supplied  with  intellectual  food,  as  speech  succeeded 
speech.  "The  President  of  the  United  Slates,"  "  The  Queen  of  England,"  "The 
Press,"  " The  Anchor  Line,"  "  The  Sailor  Boy,"  " The  Atlantic  Cable,"  "The 
Eailroad  Interest,"  the  steamship  "  California,"  and  "  The  Ladies,"  were  all 
toasted  in  eloquent  terms.  On  our  arrival  in  New  York,  we  were  all  in  the  best 
of  humor,  and  no  one  felt  inclined  to  go  ashore  ;  on  the  contrary,  many  expressed 
the  wish  to  Captain  Craig,  the  excellent  commander,  that  he  would  steam  directly 
away  to  England  with  them.  We  would  gladly  sail  round  the  world  under  his 
care,  and  in  such  a  splendid  steamer  as  the  "  California."  On  separating,  there 
was  certainly  none  who  was  not  sincere  in  heartily  thanking  Mr.  MacDonald, 
the  governing  genius  of  the  excursion,  and  the  representative  of  the  New  York 
firm. 

Hail  and  success  to  the  "California,"  and  TnE  ANcnoR  Line! — Translated 
from  the  Chicago  {III.)  Norwegian  Ameriia,  of  September  10,  1872. 

An  Excursion  on  the  Atlantic. 

Some  time  ago,  Mr.  Francis  MacDonald,  the  New  York  representative  of  The 
Anchor  Line,  honored  us  with  an  invitation  to  an  excursion  from  New  York  to 
Long  Branch,  and  return,  on  board  their  new  steamship  "  California,"  made  on 
the  14th  of  August.  Press  of  business  at  the  time  prevented  us  from  personally 
enjoying  and  joining  this  pleasure-trip,  but  it,  however,  does  not  prevent  us  from 
giving  a  description  of  it,  as  it  has  been  described  by  the  New  York  papers. 

On  the  14th  of  August,  at  11  a.  m.,  the  deck  of  the  "  California  "  presented  a 
lively  appearance.  Some  600  guests  were  to  be  seen  promenading  the  deck, 
flags  were  waving  from  the  masts  and  rigging,  an  exquisite  band  discoursed  beau- 
tiful music  on  the  quarter-deck,  and,  amid  the  thundering  of  cannon,  the  immense 
anchor  was  lifted,  and  the  noble  vessel  majestically  turned  its  prows  toward  the 
Atlantic.  The  world-renowned  entrance  to  New  York  was  soon  passed ;  tho 
weather  was  splendid,  and  a  fresh  breeze  filled  the  sails.  In  the  course  of  a  short 
time,  the  thunder  of  the  cannon  announced  that  the  "  California"  was  opposite 
the  cottage  of  the  President  at  Long  Branch.  The  salute  was  responded  to  by 
the  residents  at  the  cottage  lowering  the  flag,  which  waved  on  the  piazza. 
'  On  the  return  to  New  York,  a  splendid  dinner  was  served  up  in  one  of  the 
saloons  of  the  "  California,"  after  which  numerous  toasts  were  proposed,  including 
"The  President  of  the  United  States,"  "Queen  Victoria,"  "The  Invited 
Guests,"  "The  Ladies,"  etc.  The  afternoon  was  spent  in  the  most  agreeable 
manner  by  the  guests,  who  viewed  the  beautiful  scenery  which  the  viciuity  of 
New  York  offers  to  the  eye. 


40 


THE  ANCHOR  LINE  OF  STEAMERS. 


On  the  open  sen  those  present  had  every  opportunity  to  admire  the  excellent 
construction  and  splendid  equipment  of  the  "  California,"  and  which  is  a  promi- 
nent characteristic  of  all  Anchor  Line  steamers.  The  steamer  arrived  at  her 
dock  about  1  v.  it.,  when  all  guests  lauded,  thoroughly  pleased,  with  the  day's 
entertainment. 

The  "  California  "  is  an  iron  steamship  of  3,287  tons  burden,  302  feet  long,  and 
41  feet  breadth  of  beam  with  high  decks.  Her  arrangements  for  passengers  arc 
of  tlio  most  elegant,  costly,  aud  modern  description.  Site  carries  over  150  cabin 
and  900  steerage  passengers.  The  steerage  sleeping  accommodations  leave  noth- 
ing to  bo  desired.  The  "  California"  has  two  engines  of  1,047  nominal  horse- 
power, and  is  commanded  by  Captain  James  Craig,  who  is  an  experienced  sea- 
man, aud  very  attentive  to  his  passengers.  TnE  Anchor  Line  are  now  build- 
ing six  vessels  of  even  larger  dimensions  than  the  "California,"  which  will  cost 
at  least  $3,000,000.  The  Anchor  Line  is  now  able  to  compete  with  any  other 
steamship  company. 

It  is  astonishing  to  trace  the  enormous  increase  of  this  line.  Some  forty 
year3  ago,  four  Scotch  boys  went  to  sea,  and  by  energy  and  industry  they  be- 
came twenty  years  afterward  the  owners  of  the  steamer  "  Inez  do  Castro."  In 
the  year  1856  the  foundation  was  laid  by  them  of  Tue  Anchor  Line,  and  in 
1861  communication  was  commenced  between  Glasgow  and  New  York.  Since 
then  18  steamers  have  been  constructed,  of  from  1,500  to  3,500  tons  burden 
each.  In  fifteen  years  4G  vessels  have  been  built  for  the  line.  The  four  sailor 
boys  now  represent  a  solid  well-known  steamship  company. 

Behold  what  labor  and  attention  can  accomplish  ! — Translated  from  the 
Swedish  Jfemlandet,  of  Chicago,  September  10,  1872. 

Excursion  of  the  Agents  of  the  Anchor  Line. 

The  press  all  over  the  country  are  noticing  in  detail  the  recent  excursion 
given  from  New  York  by  the  proprietors  of  The  Anchor  Line  of  Steamships  to 
their  agents  residing  in  all  the  chief  towns.  The  excursion  was  given  on  the 
"  California,"  a  new  and  splendid  steamer,  and  a  sample  of  some  others  just 
ooming  out  to  go  into  the  line  between  Europe  and  America.  It  was,  we  pre- 
saiue,  to  give  the  agents  who  sell  the  tickets  an  opportunity  to  knowby  observa- 
tion and  experience  what  kind  of  vessels  they  were  offering  travellers  over  the 
sea,  and  what  conveniences  and  luxuries  they  could  guarantee.  Some  400  or 
more  of  these  agents  participated.  The  "  California,"  like  her  consorts,  is  a  vessel 
of  3,500  tons  burden,  with  all  the  modern  improvements  and  conveniences  to 
make  her  a  floating  palace  indeed.  With  great  power  and  speed,  and  all  the 
safeguards  against  the  dangers  of  the  elements,  there  can  be  no  better  ship 
made.  The  Anchor  Line  has  been  very  successful  by  its  good  management 
and  honorable  dealing  with  the  public.  In  fifteen  years  the  company  has  built 
forty-six  steamers,  and  is  still  building.  The  line  is  a  modol  in  all  respects, 
and  presents  a  fine  example  of  successful  marine  enterprise. 

E.  G.  Billings,  of  this  city,  is  agent  for  The  Anchor  Line,  and  was  one  of 
the  participants  in  the  excursion  on  the  "  California." — Rochester  Union  and 
Advertiser,  September  11,  1872. 

European  Travel.— The  Anchor  Line. 

The  great  increase  in  the  number  of  European  tourists  during  the  last  few 
years  has  called  considerable  attention  to  the  different  lines  of  ocean-steamers. 
It  seems  to  be  generally  acknowledged  that  no  expenditure  of  capital  or  exercise 
of  skill  and  care  is  too  great  to  provide  for  the  comfort  and  safety  of  travellers. 
The  old  "Anchor  Line  "  of  steamships  stands  preeminent  as  combining  not 
only  cheapness  of  rates,  but  unsurpassed  speed,  comfort,  and  security.  It  has 
now  been  in  successful  operation  since  185G,  and  consists  of  seventeen  Atlantic 
steamers  plying  between  New  York  and  Glasgow,  and  thirty  for  service  in  the 
Mediterranean.    The  value  of  these  vessels  is  estimated  at  §10,000,000. 

Another  new  steamship  built  on  the  Clyde  has  just  been  added,  called  the  "  Cali- 
fornia." She  is  a  model  of  her  kind,  which  is  that  of  first-class  vessels.  She  is 
3G0  feet  in  length,  40  feet  beam,  and  3,300  tons  burthen,  and  fitted  up  with  all 
the  luxuries  and  conveniences  of  modern  life.  On  her  arrival  in  New  York  re- 
cently, the  agent  of  the  line,  Francis  MacDonald,  Esq.,  invited  a  number  of  gentle- 
men to  take  a  pleasure-trip  down  the  bay.  The  "  California"  was  gayly  adorned 
for  the  holiday  occasion,  and  behaved  in  a  way  to  win  the  admiration  of  all  the 
passengers.  She  is  said  to  be  a  craft  that  may  be  safely  intrusted  with  the  most 
precious  freight  on  the  broad  sou.— Rochester  Y.)  Democrat  and  Chronicle,  Sep- 
tember 11,  1872. 

The  Anchor  Line  of  Steamships. 

The  magniaeent  steamship  "  California,"  built  by  Alexander  Stephens  &  Son, 
Glasgow,  Scotland,  has  recently  been  added  to  Tue  Anchor  Line  of  packet- 
ships  plying  between  New  York  and  the  principal  ports  of  Europe.  On  the  14th 
ult.,  the  company  gave  a  grand  excursion  to  their  agents,  in  the  new  vessel, 
taking  Long  Branch  in  the  trip.  A  number  of  gentlemen  connected  with  the 
press  accompanied  the  excursion-party,  and,  from  their  description  of  the  vessel 
and  its  internal  appointments,  it  must  certainly  be  one  of  the  finest  ships  afloat. 
A  correspondent  of  the  Cincinnati  Commercial  gives  this  description  : 
"The  'California'  is  one  of  the  handsomest  and  finest  vessels  on  the  At- 


lantic Ocean.  She  is  3,300  gross  tons  burden,  300  feet  in  length,  and  40  feet  in 
beam.  Every  thing  about  her  indicates  the  best  material,  the  most  skilful  work- 
manship, and  capablo  management.  The  cabins  arc  of  the  most  elegant  and 
comfortablo  kind,  yet  there  is  no  unnecessary  show  about  them,  and  no  folly 
whatever,  and  the  whole  furnishing  of  the  vessel  indicates  an  attention  to  detail 
which  is  seldom  found  in  sea-going  steamers.  I  never  in  any  vessel  saw  such 
admirable  arrangements  for  the  comfort  and  health  of  steerage  passengers.  Not 
only  arc  the  arrangements  for  sleeping  and  cooking  of  the  most  approved  kind, 
but  the  ventilation  of  the  ship  is  provided  for  by  an  ingenious  device.  This  is 
among  the  best  of  the  new  ideas  introduced  into  this  vessel.  It  consists  of  a 
small  engine  connecting  with  a  centrifugal  pump  placed  in  the  starboard  wing, 
which  is  a  powerful  spare  bilge-pump,  and  also  acts  as  a  ventilating  fan,  driving 
a  strong,  fresh  current  of  air  through  all  the  passengcr-spaecs  as  well  as  the  cargo- 
holds,  thereby  adding  to  the  comfort  and  sanitary  condition  of  all  on  board." 

The  "Victoria,"  a  sister  ship  to  the  "California,"  has  just  been  launched, 
and  the  "Bolivia"  and  the  "Ethiopia"  are  nearly  finished.  Three  other  first- 
class  vessels,  namely,  the  "Utopia,"  "Castalia,"  and  "Italia,"  are  in  the  pro- 
cess of  construction.  When  these  vessels  are  completed,  the  company  will  have 
added  seven  new  steam-packets  to  their  line  within  the  year. 

Mr.  B.  W.  Janowitz,  143  West  Baltimore  Street,  is  the  Baltimore  agent  of  The 
Anchor  Line. — Baltimore  American  and  Commercial  Advertiser,  September  12, 
1872. 

An  Ocean  Excursion— The  Anchor  Line  of  Steamships. 

The  publisher  of  the  Western  Rural  and  ladies  were  gratified  to  be  able  to 
participate  in  the  memorable  excursion  given  in  August,  by  the  proprietors  of 
The  Anchor  Line  of  European  steamships,  on  their  new  and  magnificent  ves- 
sel, the  "California,"  which  was  recently  added  to  the  list  of  fine  steamers  of 
that  line.  The  development  of  the  agriculture  of  America  is  indebted,  in  vast 
measure,  to  the  enterprise  that  has  so  encouragod  and  facilitated  the  transfer  of 
the  overcrowded  population  of  the  Old  World  to  our  fertile  and  vast  continent. 
We  were  very  glad  of  the  opportunity  afforded  on  this  occasion  to  see  how  this 
work  is  accomplished,  and  to  examine  the  appliances  which  are  making  ocean- 
travel  so  luxurious,  that  people  seek  foreign  shores  by  tens  of  thousands  for  rest 
and  relaxation,  and  are  abandoning  the  summer  resorts  of  our  own  land. 

A  sumptuous  breakfast  was  served  on  the  morning  of  August  14th,  in  the  fine 
steamship  "  Trinacria,"  and  at  11  A.  M.  the  party  of  over  400  invited  guests  em- 
barked on  the  "  California,"  for  the  ocean-trip.  The  "  California  "  was  built  and 
finished  at  Glasgow. 

The  kitchens,  bakery,  meat-shop,  and  all  the  appointments  of  a  well-regu- 
lated ocean-steamer,  have  been  arranged  in  a  manner  which  will  give  all  her 
employes  facilities  to  carry  on  their  labors  with  celerity  and  comfort. 

The  "California"  is  pronounced  a  splendid  specimen  of  naval  architecture 
by  the  best  judges.  The  accommodations  are  sufficient  for  150  first-class  and 
900  steerage  passengers.  The  excursion  and  accompanying  banquet  were  grand 
affairs,  both  in  conception  and  execution.  The  officers  and  managers  of  The 
Anchor  Line  are  gentlemen  of  the  highest  tone,  as  well  as  of  wonderful  enter- 
prise, and  they  well  deserve  the  fame  and  wealth  they  are  gaining. —  The  Western 
Rural,  September  14,  1872. 

The  Jolly  Anchorites. 

The  growth  and  results  of  judicious  enterprise,  aided  by  proper  knowlcdgo 
and  industry  on  the  part  of  those  promoting  it,  are  sometimes  astonishing.  Look- 
ing back  into  the  history  of  one  of  the  most  successful  steamship  companies  of 
the  present  day,  we  find  that  somo  forty  years  ago  four  Scotch  lads,  in  little 
Clyde  smacks,  began  their  sea-life,  and  adopting  industry,  knowledge,  and  prog- 
ress, as  their  watchwords,  passed  months  of  service  in  the  different  grades  of 
vessels,  from  the  homely  craft  in  which  their  first  experience  had  been  gained, 
until  they  were  masters  of  overy  detail  connected  with  the  best  steamers  their 
great  steamboating  country  afforded.  They  soon  struck  out  for  themselves,  and 
with  small  sailing-vessels  entered  the  Mediterranean  fruit-trade,  and  were  suc- 
cessful. Then  they  purchased  a  small  steamer,  and  in  a  few  months  another 
craft  of  the  same  kind  was  added  to  their  little  fleet. 

ESTABLISHING  a  line. 
The  future  of  transatlantic  trade  was  seen  by  them  in  1850,  when  they  pur- 
chased a  sailing-vessel,  and  wcro  successful  in  making  a  steamer  of  her,  and, 
encouraged  by  the  realization  of  their  plans  at  every  step,  they  took  another 
ship,  and,  after  a  few  months  spent  in  making  the  necessary  changes,  they  had 
an  auxiliary  steamer.  The  two  latter  vessels  were  the  pioneers  of  a  line,  whose 
owners,  in  fifteen  years,  have  built  forty-six  steamers,  and  are  now  engaged  in 
the  construction  of  seven  others,  which  alono  aggregate  23,000  tons,  and  will 
cost  over  $3,000,000. 

SAMPLING  A  VOYAGE. 

The  agents  of  these  steamers  number  well  up  in  the  hundreds,  and  their  prin- 
cipals determined  to  give  them  a  breakfast,  sea-voyage,  and  dinner,  in  order  to 
furnish  them  with  the  means  of  ascertaining,  by  personal  inspection,  what  they 
represented,  and  the  class  of  vessels  which  they  were  expected  to  induce  trav- 
ellers and  the  mercantile  community  to  patronize.    It  was  a  departure  from  the 


THE  ANCHOR  LINE  OF  STEAMERS. 


41 


usual  mode  of  communicating  information  to  agents,  but,  nevertheless,  one  as 
effective  as  it  was  new,  and,  like  all  other  ideas  of  management  originating  with 
Tue  Anchor  Line  Company,  it  could  not  but  be  a  practical  success.  Accord- 
ingly, on  the  14th  of  last  month,  a  large  number  of  the  agent-guests  of  the  line 
assembled  on  board  the  "  Trinacria,"  at  New  York,  where  a  breakfast  .that 
would  have  graced  a  prince's  wedding  was  served.  Of  that  ship  we  need  say 
little,  as  she  is  well  known  in  St.  John.  The  greater  features  of  the  day,  how- 
ever, were  presented  on  board  the  new  steamer  "  California,"  fresh  from  the 
builders  at  Glasgow.  Some  400  guests  made  their  way  on  board  this  vessel  about 
half-past  ten,  and  at  eleven  the  fasts  were  let  go  and  the  steamer  made  out  of  New 
York  harbor,  returning  gun  for  gun  in  reply  to  a  salute  from  the  "  Trinacria." 

A  LARGE  SHIP. 

■  As  the  excursionists  proceeded  seaward,  they  were  shown  all  through  the 
ship,  which  is  one  of  the  largest  and  best  appointed  that  runs  between  Europe 
and  New  York.  She  was  built  by  Alexander  Stephens  &  Son,  and  is  an  iron 
screw-propeller  of  3,288  tons.  Her  length  is  361  feet  6  in.,  or  36  feet  more  than 
the  ''.Great  Republic,"  which,  when  cut  down  and  renamed  the  "Denmark," 
was  by  far  the  largest  ship  that  ever  entered  St.  John.  Her  engines,  two  in 
number,  are  compound  vertical  direct-acting,  with  four-foot  stroke  of  piston, 
working  up  to  1,047  horse-power.  Steam  is  generated  in  six  boilers.  She  has 
also  a  separate  boiler  for  generating  and  supplying  steam  to  the  donkey-engine, 
which  works  the  windlass,  capstan,  pumps,  and  other  gear,  including  that  of  a 
ventilating  fan,  which,  in  warm  weather,  sends  a  current  of  air  through  the 
cabins  and  saloons,  as  well  as  the  cargo  in  the  hold.  Leaving  the  portion  of  the 
deck  devoted  more  especially  to  the  working  of  the  ship  and  the  apparatus  for 
facilitating  it,  the  visitor  comes  to 

THE  SMOKINO-SALOON, 

one  of  the  cosiest  and  most  attractive  on  any  steamer  in  the  trade.  It  is  fitted 
up  luxuriously,  painted  in  a  delicate  tint  of  sea-green,  and  relieved  with  gold  ; 
the  cushions  are  maroon-colored  leather,  and  the  carpet  of  a  neat  and  rich  pat- 
tern. Silver-plated  chandeliers  droop  from  the  ceiling,  and  even  mirrors  adorn 
its  walls. 

THE  GRAND  SALOON. 

The  entrance  to  the  grand  saloon  is  very  imposing,  and  has  no  equal  in  any 
of  the  Transatlantic  lines.  A  large  iron  house  covers  it,  the  top  of  which  is  de- 
voted to  a  promenade,  and  is  a  lofty  lookout,  and  will  be  a  favorite  resort.  The 
saloon-entrance  is  spacious  and  delightfully  attractive,  and  is  finished  in  polished 
teak,  relieved  with  rich  white-wood  mouldings  and  trimmings.  The  effect  is 
beautiful;  rich  upholstery  adds  to  the  tout-ensemble  ;  mirrors  grace  the  sides; 
silver  chandeliers  droop  from  the  ceiling,  and  throughout  the  effect  is  charming 
and  decidedly  novel  on  an  ocean-steamer.  The  staircese  leading  to  the  grand 
saloon  is  American,  only  a  little  Anglicised. 

The  saloon  extends  across  the  vessel  from  side  to  side,  is  40  feet  in  width 
and  45  feet  long,  and  is  an  imposing  apartment,  not  equalled  by  the  saloon  of 
any  foreign  steamer  going  into  New  York.  The  panelling  is  in  polished  teak, 
inlaid  with  rich  and  rare  white-woods,  adorned  with  choice  carving  and  gold. 
The  ceiling  is  painted  in  a  delicate  hue  of  sea-green.  Costly  buffets,  marble- 
topped  and  silver-trimmed,  give  an  air  of  luxuriousness  seldom  seen  on  ship- 
board. The  sofas  are  covered  with  maroon-colored  Russia  leather,  while  the 
frames  are  handsomely  bronzed  and  silvered.  The  carpet  is  a  rich  green,  with 
the  coat-of-arms  of  Great  Britain  intertwined  in  tasty  wreaths.  The  main  dome 
of  the  saloon  is  entirely  novel  in  design,  beautifully  colored  and  tinted,  and  the 
tie-beams  are  boxed  and  filled  with  choice  exotic  plants,  giving  to  it  the  appear- 
ance of  an  Oriental  court.  A  fine  piano  and  well-filled  library  add  to  the  at- 
tractions of  this  charming  place,  which  is  well  lighted  and  exceedingly  well  ven- 
tilated. Heavy  mirrors  are  on  all  sides.  There  are  eight  large  tables  which, 
when  not  filled  with  the  150  passengers,  are  so  closed  as  to  give  plenty  of  room. 
The  table-service  is  chaste  and  massive,  and  even  in  the  ordinary  table-ware  the 
owners  have  shown  excellent  taste.  Electric  bell-knobs  jut  out  at  every  con- 
venient place.  Each  state-room  has  two  berths,  the  lower  one  being  transformed 
into  a  double  one  at  the  will  of  the  occupants  of  the  room.  The  doors  are  slid- 
ing, and  move  as  easily  as  can  be  imagined;  and,  by  this  plan,  passengers  will 
not  be  annoyed  by  "  slamming  doors."  Porcelain  washstand  tops  and  bowls, 
swinging  mirrors,  highly-polished  brush  and  tumbler  racks,  and  chaste  uphol- 
stery, are  on  every  hand  in  the  state-rooms. 

THE  LADIES'  BOUDOIR 

is  a  perfect  gem  of  a  place,  decorated  in  sea-green  tints,  dotted  and  striped 
with'  gold,  with  delicate  little  birds  perched  in  the  centre  of  each  broad  panel. 
A  rich  buffet  and  mirror,  and  silvered  trimmings  on  all  hands,  make  it  a  charm- 
ing retreat  for  the  gentler  sex.  Two  large  bath-rooms  are  on  each  side,  a  luxury 
to  be  appreciated  on  shipboard.  And  away  aft  is  a  large  transom-room,  ad- 
mirably adapted  for  a  nursery  and  children's  play-room.  When  lit  up  at  night, 
the  saloon  and  state-room  halls  present  a  beautiful  sight.  Taken  as  a  whole,  the 
passenger  accommodations  of  the  "California"  leave  nothing  to  be  desired  or 
thought  of. 

THE  SECOND  CABIN 

is  also  fitted  up  in  magnificent  style,  and  the  accommodation  for  intermediate 
passengers  is  arranged  with  due  regard  to  comfort  and  convenience. 
6 


officers'  and  men's  quarters. 
Interspersed  through  the  passage-ways  are  the  quarters  for  the  officers,  and 
right  cozy  ones  they  are.  Still  farther  forward  are  the  accommodations  for  the 
crew  ;  and  the  owners  have  not  forgotten  that  Jack  can  appreciate  comfort,  and 
they  have  provided  for  him  liberally  also.  The  kitchens,  bakery,  meat-shop, 
and  the  appiontments  of  a  well-regulated  ocean-steamer,  have  been  arranged  in  a 
manner  which  will  give  all  her  employes  facilities  to  carry  on  their  labors  w  ith 
celerity  and  comfort.  She  has  accommodations  for  150  first-class  and  900  other 
passengers. 

LONG  BRANCH — THE  DINNER. 

The  excursionists,  during  their  inspection  of  the  vessel,  were  regaled  with 
music  by  Grafulla's  band  and  two  Highland  pipers.  On  reaching  Long  Brancli 
at  2  o'clock,  a  broadside  was  fired  and  two  flags  were  dipped.  The  after  main 
steerage-deck  was  fitted  up  as  a  dining-saloon,  and  was  handsomely  decorated 
with  flags  of  all  nations,  flowers,  wreaths,  and  evergreens.  The  bill  of  fare  was 
printed  in  gold  and  green,  embellished  with  an  engraving  of  the  "  California." 
The  spread  embraced  every  thing  that  could  be  thought  of  by  the  caterer  and 
purchased  with  money,  and  the  excursionists  discussed  the  viands  with  a  zest 
acquired  by  the  voyage  and  its  splendid  surroundings.  "  The  Queen,"  "The 
President,"  "The  Army  and  Navy,"  "  Our  Guests,"  "The Port  of  New  York," 
"The  California,"  "  The  Railroad  Interest,"  "The  Atlantic  Cable,"  "The 
Press,"  "  Our  Gallant  Sailors,"  and  "  The  Ladies,"  were  toasted  in  the  grand 
saloon,  after  the  substantial  part  of  the  dinner  was  disposed  of,  and  speeches 
were  made  in  response  by  gentlemen  present. 

The  return-trip  was  made  to  New  York  by  sunset,  the  whole  excursion  being 
a  grand  success,  and  tending  to  place  The  Anchor  Line  steamers  before  the 
public  in  a  manner  calculated  to  render  them  more  than  ever  popular.  St.  John 
is  fortunate  in  having  secured,  as  an  auxiliary  to  her  growing  commerce,  the 
service  of  the  steamers  of  this  line,  which  so  often  bring  freight  to  the  port,  and 
which  also  offer  facilities  so  superior  to  those  who  wish  to  take  Atlantic  voyages. 
It  is  true  we  have  not  yet  such  vessels  as  the  "  California"  brought  to  our  doors, 
but  the  company  are  building  ship  after  ship  just  like  her,  and  our  people  can 
always  secure  safe  passages  over  the  sea  in  one  of  them  by  going  to  New  York 
to  do  so.  The  agents  here,  Messrs.  Scammell  Bros.,  have  done  every  thing  to 
increase  the  trade  and  the  popularity  of  the  line,  and  their  success  is  seen  in  the 
improved  size  and  capabilities  of  the  steamers  sent  out  each  year  by  their 
principals.  Who,  therefore,  will  say  that  in  a  few  years  St.  John  shall  not  offer 
inducements  to  a  steamer  such  as  that  on  which  the  agents'  excursion  to  LoDg 
Branch  was  made  1—St.  John  (N.  B.)  Telegraph,  September  16,  1872. 

The  Steamer  "  California"  of  the  Anchor  Line. 

The  excursion  given  by  the  managers  of  The  Anchor  Line  on  their  splendid 
steamship  "  California,"  on  the  14th  of  August,  is  another  evidence  of  their 
effort  to  maintain  the  well-merited  prosperity  the  vessels  of  their  line  have 
attained.  The  "  California"  is  one  of  the  finest  passenger-boats  now  sailing  out 
of  the  port  of  New  York  (of  about  3,000  tons  burden),  and  is  the  pioneer  of  a 
class  of  vessels  now  in  course  of  construction,  to  be  placed  on  this  line.  One  has 
only  to  go  on  board  of  her  to  be  convinced  that  she  was  built  with  a  view  to 
strength  and  safety  combined  with  luxury  and  comfort,  every  thing  about  her 
being  plain  and  substantial,  yet  elegantly  fitted  in  every  respect.  The  cabins 
are  not  only  elegant — they  are  spacious  and  comfortable ;  but  the  comforts  are 
not  for  the  cabin  passengers  alone,  as  the  arrangements  for  the  health  and  comfort 
of  steerage  passengers  are  complete  ;  not  only  in  the  arrangements  for  sleeping 
and  cooking  of  the  most  approved  plans,  but  the  ventilation  is  perfect.  The 
second  of  the  new  fleet,  the  "Victoria,"  has  just  been  launched,  and  the  "Bo- 
livia" and  "Ethiopia"  of  4,500  tons  each  are  well  advanced.  Three  others,  viz., 
the  "Utopia,"  "Castalia,"  and  "Italia,"  are  in  frames;  in  all,  seven  steamers, 
of  over  23,000  tons  in  the  aggregate,  and  valued  at  about  $500,000  each.  With 
such  an  addition  to  their  fleet  The  Anchor  Line  must  continue  to  gain  favor 
with  the  travelling  public.  Parties  contemplating  a  trip  to  Europe  would  do 
well  to  examine  the  steamers  of  this  line  before  purchasing  tickets. — New  Lon- 
don (Conn.)  Star,  September  17,  1872. 

The  Anchor  Line  of  Steamers. 

The  rise  and  progress  of  The  Anchor  Line  is  something  remarkable.  Com- 
mencing their  Transatlantic  trade  by  converting,  in  1856,  two  sail-vessels  into 
auxiliary  screw-steamers,  year  after  year  added  larger  and  finer  vessels,  until,  in 
1872,  The  Anchor  Line  was  composed  of  36  first-class  ocean-steamships.  A 
new  series  of  steamers,  of  still  larger  size  and  finer  appointments,  have  just  made 
their  appearance.  The  "California" — the  first  of  this  class — has  made  two 
trips  across  the  ocean.  The  "  Victoria,"  a  sister-ship,  is  expected  in  two  or 
three  weeks,  to  be  followed  by  the  "Italia,"  launched  about  two  months  ago. 
The  "  Castalia,"  "Utopia,"  "Bolivia,"  and  "Ethiopia,"  are  all  on  the  stocks 
and  well  forward,  and  will  be  ready  for  service  next  spring.  The  "  California" 
is  a  type  of  the  lot — only  the  "Ethiopia"  and  "Bolivia"  are  still  larger  vessels. 
This  magnificent  steamer  was  built  by  A.  Stephens  &  Sons,  Glasgow  

The  New  York  Commercial  Advertiser  says  :  "  The  '  California'  is  a  new  ship 
and  is  completely  and  elegantly  fitted  in  every  respect,  with  all  the  modern  con- 
veniences, and  an  attention  to  detail  in  the  finishing  which  is  seldom  found  in 
sea-going  steamers." 


42 


THE  ANCHOR  LINE  OF  STEAMERS. 


Tho  Now  York  Express  says  :  "The  1  California'  has  all  the  modern  improve- 
ments, the  grand  saloon,  the  best  ventilation,  boudoirs  for  ladies,  grand  state- 
rooms, and  every  thing  which  is  desirable,  beautiful,  and  effective.  It  is  really 
a  sight  to  behold  one  of  these  steamers,  and  to  contrast  it  with  those  which 
started  in  tho  work  of  carrying  passengers  between  Europe  and  America.  Since 
1856  The  Anchor  Line  have  built  IT  steamers,  of  from  1,500  to  3,500  tons,  and 
now  another  thousand  tons  are  added  to  each  vessel,  and  with  all  the  strength 
and  luxuries  combined  that  human  ingenuity  could  devise,  or  a  cultivated  taste 
desire ;  and  all  this  the  work  of  four  bold  sailor-boys,  who,  40  years  ago,  started 
with  literally  nothing  but  good-will  and  indomitable  pluck.  Beginning  with  a 
little  sailing-craft,  engaged  in  the  fruit-trade  on  the  Mediterranean,  they  have 
now  become  the  owners  of  $10,000,000  worth  of  some  of  the  best  property  in 
port  or  on  tho  ocean.  The  seven  steamers  now  in  hand  are  worth  $3,500,000, 
and  of  23,000  tons  in  all,  and  yet  but  a  small  part  of  the  tonnage  of  the  46 
steamers  built  for  this  line  in  15  years." 

Mr.  George  McKeand,  No.  5  James  Street,  is  the  agent  for  this  city. — Hamil- 
ton (Ont.)  Times,  September,  1872. 

The  Anchor  Line. 

The  rise  and  progress  of  The  Anchor  Line  is  something  rsmarkable,  com- 
mencing their  Transatlantic  trade  by  converting  in  1850  two  sail-vessels  into 
auxiliary  screw-steamers.  Year  after  year  added  larger  and  finer  vessels,  until  in 
1S72  The  Anchor  Line  was  composed  of  3G  first-class  ocean-steamships. 

A  new  scries  of  steamers  of  still  larger  size  and  finer  appointments  have  just 
made  their  appearance.  The  "California,"  the  finest  of  this  class,  has  made 
two  trips  across  the  ocean.  The  "  Victoria,"  a  sister  ship,  is  expected  on  her 
first  trip  in  about  two  or  three  weeks,  to  be  followed  by  the  "  Italia,"  launched 
about  two  months  ago.  The  "  Castalia,"  "  Utopia,"  "Bolivia,"  and  "Ethio- 
pia," are  all  on  the  stocks  and  well  forward,  and  will  be  ready  for  service 
next  spring. 

The  "  California"  is  a  type  of  the  lot,  only  the  "Ethiopia"  and  "Bolivia" 
are  about  1,000  tons  larger.  This  magnificent  steamer  was  built  by  A.  Stephens 
&  Sons,  Glasgow. 

The  Nautical  Gazette  (New  York)  says  :  "  The  grand  saloon  extends  across 
the  vessel,  and  is  an  imposing  apartment  not  equalled  by  the  saloon  of  any  foreign 
steamer  coming  to  this  port." 

The  Cincinnati  Commercial  says:  "The  'California'  is  one  of  the  hand- 
somest and  finest  vessels  on  the  Atlantic  Ocean.  She  is  3,300  gross  tons  burden, 
300  feet  in  length,  and  40  feet  in  beam.  Every  thing  about  her  indicates  the  best 
material,  the  most  skilful  workmanship,  and  capable  management.  The  cabins 
are  of  the  most  elegant  and  comfortable  kind,  yet  there  is  no  unnecessary  show 
about  them,  and  no  folly  whatever,  and  the  whole  furnishing  of  the  vessel  in- 
dicates an  attention  to  detail  which  is  seldom  found  in  sea-going  steamers.  I 
never  in  any  vessel  saw  such  admirable  arrangements  for  the  comfort  and  health 
of  steerage  passengers.  Not  only  are  the  arrangements  for  sleeping  and  cooking 
of  the  most  approved  kind,  but  the  ventilation  of  the  ship  is  provided  for  by  an 
ingenious  device.  This  is  among  the  best  of  the  new  ideas  introduced  into  this 
vessel.  It  consists  of  a  small  engine  connecting  with  a  centrifugal  pump  placed 
in  the  starboard  wing,  which  is  a  powerful  spare  bilge-pump,  and  also  acts  as  a 
ventilating  fan,  driving  a  strong,  fresh  current  of  air  through  all  the  passenger- 
spaces  as  well  as  the  cargo-holds,  thereby  adding  to  the  comfort  and  sanitary 
condition  of  all  on  board.  After  examining  this  vessel  throughout,  and  observ- 
ing the  scientific  appliances  in  all  its  departments,  under  the  guidance  of  Mr. 
Francis  MacDonald,  the  courteous  and  energetic  manager  of  the  line,  I  am  not 
surprised  at  the  extraordinary  growth  of  the  popularity  of  The  Anchor  Line 
within  the  last  few  years.  The  officers  are  trained  and  experienced  men,  who 
are  at  the  same  time  affable  gentlemen. — Hamilton  (Ont.)  Spectator,  September 
18,  1872. 

The  Anchor  Line  Steamship  "  California." 

While  it  is  of  but  little  use  talking  of  the  reason  why  the  steamboat-traffic 
that  exists  between  our  country  and  Europe  is  in  the  hands  of  foreigners,  it  is  a 
pleasant  fact,  known  to  Americans,  that  the  English,  Scotch,  French,  and  Ger- 
man companies,  that  carry  most  of  our  travellers  on  the  ocean,  treat  them  well, 
and  to  their  perfect  satisfaction.  The  Cunard  Line,  the  Inman  Line,  and  others, 
are  well  known  to  Americans  travelling  abroad,  and  to  emigrants  from  Europe  to 
America ;  but  no  Line  has  so  rapidly  got  into  public  favor  as  the  one  which  is  the 
subject  of  the  following  remarks. 

For  the  past  16  years  Messrs.  Ilandyside  &  Henderson,  owners  of  the  Anchor 
Line  Steamers  have,  by  their  energy  and  skilful  management,  achieved  an  un- 
equalled success  in  the  steamship-traffic  on  the  Atlantic  and  the  Mediterranean, 
so  great  indeed,  that  the  46  steamships  that  they  now  have  engaged  in  this  trade 
prove  insufficient.  Since  1865,  not  less  than  17  steamships,  of  from  1,500  to  3,500 
tons  burden,  have  been  added  to  their  fleet  by  the  owners,  who  have  just  had  a 
steamship  constructed,  larger,  costlier,  and  better  fitted  up,  than  any  of  its  fore- 
runners, and  is  the  precursor  of  a  new  fleet  of  sea  going  vessels.  This  first  ves- 
sel of  the  new  series  is  the  "California,"  whose  appearance  in  New  York  aston- 
ished and  pleased  the  thousands  who  paid  her  a  visit ;  and  when  she  sailed  for 
Glasgow,  she  had  more  passengers  and  freight  than  any  new  steamer  ever  carried 
from  America.    The  day  previous  to  this  vessel's  sailing  from  New  York,  the 


agents,  Messrs.  Hunderson  Brothers  gave  a  grand  banquet  on  board  the  steamer. 
The  "  California"  is  an  iron  screw-steamship  of  3,300  tons  burden,  is  360  feet 
long,  and  40  breadth  of  beam.  The  cabins  arc  fitted  up  in  the  most  luxurious 
manner,  and  the  saloon  is  the  most  beautiful  that  is  to  be  seen  on  any  steamship 
that  rides  upon  the  waves  of  the  Atlantic.  The  saloon  is  40  feet  wide  by  45  feet 
long.  The  walls  are  of  polished  woods,  dark  and  light  alternately,  and  beauti- 
fully carved  and  gilded.  A  piano  and  a  library  render  it  still  more  attractive. 
Electric  bells  are  placed  at  every  suitable  place,  for  the  use  of  passengers  when 
they  wish  to  summon  the  stewards.  Each  state-room  has  two  berths,  the  lower 
of  which  can  be  made  double  if  so  required,  and  also  elegant  washing-stands, 
mirrors,  and  comfortable  sofas;  and,  altogether,  it  is  undoubtedly  the  most 
roomy  and  commodious  lodging  that  could  be  desired  for  a  voyage  of  nine  days 
across  the  Atlantic.  There  are  two  large  bath-rooms  for  use  of  the  cabin-passen- 
gers, private  cabins  for  ladies,  and  also  a  play-room  for  children. 

The  forward  cabin,  where  the  fare  is  $10  cheaper  than  in  the  after  one,  is 
nice,  light,  and  airy,  and  equally  as  comfortable  as  the  others.  The  intermediate 
passengers  have  their  berths  in  the  fore-part  of  the  ship.  Taken  as  a  whole,  this 
new  steamship  is  undoubtedly  in  every  respect  the  finest  of  any  that  sails  between 
America  and  Europe.  Six  more  vessels  of  the  same  Construction,  and  even  larger 
size,  will  follow  the  "  California,"  the  second  of  which,  the  Victoria,  is  already 
afloat,  while  the  others  are  now  being  built. 

Within  one  year,  Messrs.  Handyside  &  Henderson  will  have  the  whole  fleet 
ready,  at  an  expense  of  $3,000,000.  To  the  travelling  public,  for  passage  to  aud 
from  Europe,  whether  for  business  or  pleasure,  The  Anchor  Line  offers  the  best 
accommodations  and  the  greatest  comfort  at  a  moderate  price. — TranslUed  from 
the  Minneapolis  (Minn.)  JS'ordish  Folksblad ,  of  September  18,  1S72. 

The  Anchor  Line  Agents'  Excursion. 

Some  time  ago,  was  placed  on  our  desk  an  account  of  the  excursion  given  to 
the  agents  of  the  celebrated  Anchor  Line  of  Steamships,  also  the  bill  of  fare,  and 
a  programme  of  the  toasts  drunk  on  the  occasion.  We  have  now  before  us  a  se- 
lection of  newspaper  articles  and  communications  from  editors  and  correspond- 
ents who  were  recipients  of  the  joy  and  hospitality  afforded  them  on  that  14th 
day  of  August  trip  to  Long  Branch,  which  reminds  us  of  the  promise  we  made  to 
the  Washington  representative  of  Henderson  Brothers  that  we  w  ould  return  to 
the  subject  in  a  future  issue  of  our  journal. 

The  glowing  description  given  to  us  of  the  new  steamship  "  California,"  and 
of  the  entertainment  of  the  guests,  which  numbered  about  500,  by  the  owners, 
did  not  surprise  us  in  the  least,  for  we  know  something  of  the  spirit  which  ani- 
mates our  Scottish  friends.  They  leave  nothing  untried  to  satisfy  the  patrons 
of  their  splendid  line  of  steamships.  Mr.  Francis  MacDonald,  the  gentlemanly 
manager  of  the  line,  acquitted  himself  splendidly  at  the  magnificent  dinner  set 
before  the  guests.  He  must  be  an  acquisition  of  no  little  value  to  the  company. 
One  of  the  Henderson  Brothers  was  also  on  board,  and  was  most  untiring  in  his 
attention  to  all.  Owners,  managers,  officials,  and  officers  of  the  ship,  acted  hand- 
somely, and  have  anchored  themselves  pleasantly  in  the  hearts  of  the  excursion- 
ists.—  Washington  (D.  C.)  Irish  Republican,  September  21,  1872. 

The  Anchor  Line  Steamers. " 

About  forty  years  ago,  according  to  authentic  report,  four  Scotch  boys  be- 
gan a  seafaring  life,  which  has  culminated  in  the  ownership,  by  the  Henderson 
Brothers,  of  The  Anchor  Line  of  steamers.  .  .  .  The  copartnership  now  own 
about  40  splendid,  powerful  ocean-steamers,  while  six  others  of  anew  and  im- 
proved style,  like  the  "  California"  are  being  constructed — one,  the  "  Victoria," 
having  just  been  launched  In  the  construction  of  their  boats  the  firm  aim  at 
safety,  speed,  and  comfort.  The  consequence  of  such  enterprise  could  scarcely 
be  doubtful.  It  has  been  a  marked,  brilliant,  and  almost  exceptional  success ; 
and  from  small  beginnings  a  triumphant  point  has  been  reached. 

Unlike  most  of  Fortune's  favorites,  the  partners  are  as  liberal  and  whole-souled 
in  expending  as  in  acquiring  wealth.  They  fit*  their  friends  with  princely  prodi- 
gality and  an  unsparing  lavishment  of  means  in  their  entertainments.  The  im- 
mediate occasion  of  these  remarks  was  an  excursion  given  by  The  Anchor  Line 
on  the  14th  of  August.  About  2,000  invitations  were  issued  to  their  agents, 
influential  persons  in  all  sections  of  the  Union,  but  owing  to  the  distance  from 
this  and  other  cities  to  New  York,  only  about  600  of  the  invitations  were  accepted. 
From  an  elaborate  report  of  the  festivities,  we  have  room  for  only  the  following 
extracts  

We  were  favored  with  a  very  flattering  invitation  to  join  the  excursion,  w,hich 
compliment  we  did  not  so  much  appropriate  to  ourselves  as  consider  it  an  en- 
couraging acknowledgment  that  the  Celt  exercises  a  potent  influence  at  such 
a  distant  point  as  New  York.  We  aim  to  make  our  paper  cosmopolitan,  and  it 
would  appear  that  our  efforts  are  not  futile. 

We  have  reason  to  know  that  The  Anchor  Line  is  inferior  to  none  of  tho  kind 
on  either  side  of  the  Atlantic.  This  company  is  based  on  principles  which  are 
bound  to  insure  success.  Owned  by  liberal  proprietors,  officered  by  men  of  large 
experience,  and  thoroughly  trained  in  their  calling;  and  every  captain  and  other 
employe  being  selcoted  for  complete  fitness  for  his  position,  the  concern  bids  de- 
fiance to  opposition,  and  with  a  large  profit  sail  their  splendid  argosies  from  port 
to  port.    We  noed  scarcely  say  that  we  rejoice  at  the  grand  success  of  the  enter- 


THE  ANCHOR  LINE  OF  STEAMERS. 


43 


prise,  and  only  hope  that  we  may  be  able  to  be  present  at  the  next  excursion  in 
honor  of  the  great  undertaking.—  The  Western  Celt,  September  21,  1872. 

The  Anchor  Line. 

New  Yobk,  September  15, 1ST2. 

As  a  representative  of  the  Swedish  American,  I  had  the  pleasure  of  being 
present  at  the  excursion  from  New  York  to  Long  Branch,  which  was  made  some 
time  ago  by  the  "  California,"  the  latest  of  the  forty  steamers  belonging  to  the 
well-known  Anchor  Line  of  Messrs.  Handyside  <fc  Henderson,  Glasgow,  and  I 
think  I  ought  to  give  the  readers  of  our  paper  some  particulars  regarding  this 
trip,  which  was  one  of  the  grandest  and  most  agreeable  affairs  of  the  kind  I  ever 
saw  or  participated  in.  At  the  foot  of  Dey  Street  1  found  the  company's  docks, 
Piers  20  and  21,  North  River,  and  together  with  a  large  number  of  invited  guests 
(out  of  2,000  invited  about  600  were  present)  I  went  on  board  the  "  California," 
and  was  astonished  to  find  a  vessel  so  much  larger  than  any  of  the  Cunard  or 
Inman  line.  The  "California"  is  an  iron  serew-stcaraer  of  3,2S7  tons  burden, 
is  362  feet  long,  with  high  decks,  and  a  splendid  saloon.  The  grand  saloon  is 
more  beautifully  and  tastefully  fitted  up  than  that  of  any  other  ocean-steamship 
afloat.  It  is  40  feet  wide  by  45  feet  long,  and  the  ceiling  is  white  and  green,  and 
adorned  by  gilt  ornaments,  and  contains  a  grand  piano  and  a  splendid  library. 
Passengers  by  this  steamer  may  be  said  to  have  every  comfort  provided  for,  and 
nothing  lacking  that  might  render  even  a  long  sea-voyage  pleasant. 

Some  minutes  after  11  o'clock  in  the  forenoon,  the  noble  ship  left  the  dock, 
the  musical  band  of  the  Seventh  Regiment  playing  "  God  save  the  Queen"  and 
"Star-spangled  Banner,"  etc.,  and  a  salute  of  four  guns  was  given.  While 
we  were  slowly  moving  down  the  bay,  the  surface  of  which  was  slightly  touched 
by  the  breeze,  we  were  accompanied  by  the  large  tug-boat  "  Seth  Low."  The 
steamer  was  magnificently  adorned  from  stem  to  stern  with  English  and  American 
flags,  and  signal  Jacks  of  all  colors  and  nationalities.  Perfect  freedom  was 
enjoyed  by  all  the  guests  on  board  the  "  California ;"  they  walked  around  every- 
where, showing  that  they  remembered  the  invitation  to  "  make  themselves  at 
home."  At  nine  o'clock  in  the  morning  a  first-class  breakfast  had  been  served 
on  board  the  "  Trinacria,"  another  steamer  belonging  to  The  Anchor  Line, 
which  sailed  the  same  day  for  Europe.  There  was  an  abundance  of  every  kind 
of  good  eatables  and  drinkables,  and  the  general  feeling  was  very  animated. 
Proceeding  down  the  harbor,  we  had  a  most  beautiful  view  of  the  lower  part  of 
New  York  and  Brooklyn,  passing  by  Governor's  Island,  Long  Island,  Coney 
Island,  and  Staten  Island.  • 

Between  two  and  three  o'clock  in  the  afternoon  we  reached  Long  Branch. 
The  view  of  the  many  elegant  hotels  and  colleges  was  magnificent.  The  beau- 
tiful cottage  of  the  President  was  saluted  by  the  cannon  of  the  "  California," 
as  she  steamed  past,  and  replied  to  by  the  lowering  and  hoisting  of  the  flag  that 
waved  over  the  cottage.  While  off-  Long  Branch  the  guests  were  invited  to  din- 
ner, which  was  served  in  one  of  the  many  and  beautiful  saloons  of  the  steam- 
ship. The  dinner  occupied  about  two  hours,  after  which  the  toasting  began. 
The  first  toast  was  "  The  President  of  the  United  States,"  next  "  The  Queen 
of  England ;  "  and  afterward  "  The  Army  and  Navy,"  "  Our  Guests,"  etc.,  were 
all  toasted.  Excellent  speeches  were  made  by  Mr.  Francis  MaeDonald,  the  prin- 
cipal manager  of  the  line  in  New  York,  and  by  the  general  agent  of  the  line  in  the 
West,  Mr.  James  Warraek,  of  Chicago,  British  consul,  and  others.  Six  steam- 
ers similar  to  the  "  California"  are  now  being  constructed,  and  within  one  year 
the  steamship  fleet  of  The  Anjhor  Line  will  be  complete.  With  such  a  fleet 
of  new  and  first-class  steamers  The  Anchor  Line  has  become  one  of  the  leading 
lines,  and  owners  spare  neither  labor  nor  money  to  make  it  second  to  none  in 
every  respect.  The  new  steamers,  it  is  calculated,  will  cost  the  nice  little  sum 
of  $3,000,000. 

All  possible  fortune  and  success  to  The  Anchor  Line,  the  present  ornament 


of  which  is  the  new  steamer  "  California  ! " — Translated  from  the  Chicago  (III.) 
Sveuska  Amerikanaren,  of  September  21,  1872. 

European  Travel. 

The  great  and  increasing  travel  between  this  and  foreign  countries,  the  many 
lines  of  ocean-steamers  fitted  up  with  all  the  luxury  and  appointments  that  ex- 
perience could  suggest  for  the  use  and  comfort  of  passengers,  render  the  passage 
across  the  ocean  one  of  the  most  enjoyable  trips  that  any  one  can  make.  And 
among  them  we  would  particularly  speak  of  The  Anchor  Line,  owned  and  run 
by  tlje  Henderson  Brothers,  of  New  York.  They  have  built  and  arc  building 
seven  new  steamers  at  an  expense  of  half  a  million  dollars  each.  They  are 
elegant  and  luxurious,  and  in  attractiveness  and  sailing  qualities  are  not  sur- 
passed by  any  other  line.  The  "  California,"  the  avant  covrier  of  the  new  line, 
has  just  sailed  after  giving  the  agents  of  the  line  an  excursion  to  Long  Branch, 
which  seems  to  have  been  a  very  enjoyable  occasion  to  the  participants. —  Wiu- 
chendon  (Mass.)  Journal,  September  27, 1872. 

A  Holiday  Trip. 

We  hear  a  great  deal  from  time  to  time  of  the  beneficial  effects  of  a  month's 
sojourn,  during  the  hot  weather,  at  the  sea-side,  but  we  confess  that,  had  we 
time  and  means  at  our  disposal,  we  should  much  prefer  a  trip  across  the  Atlantic. 
Indeed,  the  expense  attendant  upon  a  visit  to  Portland  or  any  fashionable  water- 
ing place  is  on  the  whole  greater  than  a  voyage  to  the  old  sod. 

For  those  who  can  only  spare  ten  days  or  a  fortnight,  there  is  nothing  like  a 
run  up  to  Lake  Superior  or  down  the  St.  Lawrenco,  but  for  those  having  six  or 
eight  weeks  at  their  disposal,  we  would  by  all  means  recommend  a  trip  across 
the  ocean  to  see  the  wonders  of  the  Old  World.  Nowadays  the  thing  is  so  easily 
and  comfortably  accomplished  that  every  year  the  number  who  avail  themselves 
of  it  is  increasing.  We  learn  from  the  station-master  here,  Mr.  M.  C.  Dickson, 
who  is  agent  in  this  district  for  all  the  leading  lines  of  steamers,  that  during  the 
few  months  he  has  had  the  agency  he  has  booked  about  thirty  passengers  for 
Britain. 

To  give  some  idea  of  the  comfort  and  luxury  enjoyed  on  board  the  magnificent 
floating  hotels  now  grossing  the  Atlantic,  we  make  the  following  extracts  from 
a  description  given  of  one  of  the  new  steamers  of  The  Anchor  Line,  taken 
from  the  New  York  Nautical  Gazette,  with  a  brief  sketch  of  the  origin  of  the 
line :  .  .  .  . 

From  the  above  description  we  think  that  any  of  our  readers  who  have  an 
idea  of  taking  a  trip  across  the  Atlantic,  could  not  do  better  than  secure  their 
tickets  from  Mr.  Dickson  per  the  "  California."  The  fares  by  The  Anchor  Line 
are  said  to  be  as  low,  if  not  lower,  than  those  of  any  other  line.  A  return-ticket, 
first  cabin,  can  be  got  for  $120  American  currency,  a  little  over  $100  gold.  The 
second  cabin  and  steerage  rates  are  peculiarly  favorable  for  those  of  limited 
means. — Bothwell  (Ont.)  Advance,  September  27,  1872. 

The  Red  Anchor  of  the  Clyde. 

On  the  14th  of  August,  Mr.  Francis  MaeDonald  (New  York  agent  of  The 
Anchor  Line  of  steamships)  invited  the  agents  and  a  number  of  guests  to  sail 
down  to  Long  Branch  on  the  new  steamer  "  California."  Previous  to  the  sail, 
however,  a  sumptuous  breakfast  was  given  on  board  the  "  Trinacria."  At  11 
a.m.  the  excursionists  were  on  their  way  to  the  Branch.  Dinner  was  served  at 
2  o'clock,  after  which  the  following  toasts  were  drank  :  

The  "California"  is  a  magnificent  vessel,  elegantly  fitted  up,  and  a  worthy 
representative  of  The  Anchor  Line  of  steamships.  Any  one  having  a  few 
weeks  to  spare  for  a  round  trip  to  the  Old  World,  would  do  well  to  patronize  this 
line. — Stamford  (Conn.)  Journal,  October  5,  1S72. 


"GOOD  WORDS" 

FKOM 

THE    AMERICAN  PRESS 

ABOUT 

ill  ililil  Iil'NH. 


A  D:  served  Compliment. 

Those  who  have  been  in  the  habit  of  frequently  crossing  the  Atlantic  in  JnE 
Anchor  Line  of  steamships,  cannot  fail  to  remember  the  gentlemanly  and  cour- 
teous treatment  they  have  uniformly  received  at  the  bands  of  the  officers  in  com- 
mand — Scottish-American  Journal,  April  15,  1865. 

The  Anchor  Line  of  Steam-Packe's. 

This  company  may  be  considered  as  of  Scottish  origin,  but  its  connection 
with  this  country  renders  the  company  quite  international.  The  fleet  of  the 
company  consists  of  Clyde  built  iron  steamers,  which  are  built  specially  for  the 
Atlantic  trade,  being  divided  into  water  and  air-tight  compartments,  and  aro 
likewise  fitted  up  in  every  respect  to  insure  the  safety  and  comfort  of  passengers. 
They  sail  regularly  between  New  York  and  Glasgow,  forwarding  passengers  at 
through-rates  to  their  destination  on  cither  side  of  the  Alantie.  These  steamers 
have  every  modern  appliance  for  the  proper  and  speedy  working  of  the  vessels 
while  in  port  or  on  the  ocean,  being  fitted  up  with  all  the  improvements  practical 
science  can  suggest  for  the  safety,  comfort,  and  convenience  of  passengers.  This 
line  also  books  passengers  with  through-tickets  from  their  homes  in  the  United 
States  and  Canadas  to  their  final  destination  in  Great  Brilain  and  Continental 


Europe,  and  grants  through-tickets  from -all  stations  on  the  British  railways  to 
the  principal  cities  on  this  side  of  the  ocean.— New  York  Times,  June  1,  1865. 

letter  of  Dr.  Charles  Munde, 

The  entry  into  the  Clyde  is  grand  and  most  beautiful.  I  never  saw  a  more 
charming  prospect  than  when  the  steamer  lay  opposite  Dumbarton  Castle  (for 
about  an  hour,  until  the  tide  rose),  and  saw  the  sun  go  down  behind  the  beautiful 
mountains  surrounding  us.  How  much  did  I  long  to  be  on  the  top  of  venerable 
Ben  Lomond,  which  towered  over  nil  that  interesting  scenery  that  kept  repeating 
to  me  the  stories  of  olden  times  !  One  look  of  that  scenery  is  worth  the  trouble 
of  going  to  Europe  by  way  of  Glasgow.  Allow  me  to  mention,  for  the  benefit  of 
those  of  our  friends  who  come  after  us,  that  I  am  very  much  satisfied  with  our 
trip  to  Scotland,  and  every  thing  connected  with  The  Anchor  Line.  We  found 
Captain  Craig  and  all  his  officers  kind  and  gentlemanly,  the  steward  and  stew- 
ardesses exceedingly  obliging,  and  the  meals  very  well  prepared  and  abundant.— 
Hampshire  Gazette,  June  19,  I860. 

Not  33  of  European  Travel. 

We  found  the  captain  of  the  '"Caledonia"  very  much  of  a  gentleman,  polite 
and  kind  to  the  passongers,  as  well  as  strictly  attentive  to  his  duties  ;  and  I  can 


THE  ANCHOR  LINE  OE  STEAMERS. 


45 


freely  say  that,  should  any  of  your  readers  feel  disposed  to  visit  Great  Britain,  by 
The  Anchor  Line  of  steamers,  they  will  find  (if  all  the  vessels  of  the  line  aro 
managed  like  the  "  Caledonia  ")  attentive  officers  and  comfortable  accommoda- 
tions. I  am  happy,  too,  to  have  it  in  my  power  to  say  that,  during  our  whole  voy- 
age, I  did  not  hear  one  of  the  officers  utter  a  single  oath. — Christian  Instructor, 
June  23,  1866. 

Letter  from  Scotland. 

I  must  take  this  opportunity  to  recommend  The  Anchor  Line  of  steam- 
ships. Better  officers  or  better  men  never  trod  a  vessel's  deck.  Every  thing 
worked  like  clock-work  from  the  captain  down  to  the  cabin-boy.  It  seemed  as 
though  they  could  not  do  too  much  for  the  comfort,  convenience,  or  pleasure  of 
their  passengers.  We  would  willingly  be  a  few  days  longer  on  ship  with  such 
skilled  officers  and  men,  than  suffer  what  we  have  heard  from  others.  I  would 
like  to  give  you  my  sail  up  the  beautiful  Clyde,  but  forbear. — Miner's  Journal, 
July  21,  1866. 

The  New  Steamship  Columbia,  of  the  Anchor  Line. 

This  fine  new  steamship  sailed  on  her  return-voyage  to  Glasgow  at  noon  on 
Saturday.  The  "Columbia"  is  owned  by  Messrs.  Handyside  &  Henderson,  of 
Glasgow,  and  is  the  last  addition  made  to  the  fleet  of  steamships  of  The  Anchor 
Line.  She  was  built  by  Messrs.  Alexander  Stephen  &  Sons,  of  Kelvinhaugh,  on 
the  Clyde,  and  launched  by  them  on  September  10th  last.  Measures  some  283 
feet  in  length,  33i  feet  in  width,  and  is  about  1,760  tons  register.  The  two  en- 
gines on  board  are  large  and  powerful,  and  were  built  at  the  well-known  Fin- 
nieston  Steamship  Works.  Every  attention  has  been  given  by  the  builders  to 
the  comfort  and  safety  of  passengers.  The  saloon  is  large  and  commodious,  and 
is  neatly  and  elegantly  finished.  Among  its  attractions,  wo  observe  a  line 
piano  from  the  celebrated  establishment  of  Collard  &  Collard,  of  London.  The 
state-rooms  are  handsomely  fitted  up,  and  conveniently  arranged  with  extension- 
berths  for  the  accommodation  of  families  travelling.  We  congratulate  The  An- 
chor Line  on  this  valuable  addition  to  the  number  of  their  steamships,  and 
heartily  commend  the  "  Columbia"  to  the  attention  of  the  public.  On  Friday, 
a  grand  banquet  was  given  on  board.  It  was  a  very  recherche  affair,  and  did 
much  credit  to  the  cuisine  of  the  steamer.  After  the  usual  patriotic  toasts,  the 
health  of  the  new  ship,  and  prosperity  to  The  Anchor  Line,  and  their  New  York 
agents,  Messrs.  Francis  MacDonald  &  Co.,  were  given  and  responded  to;  the 
company  broke  up,  wishing  the  gallant  captain  and  the  "  Columbia  "  a  safe  and 
speedy  voyage. — Scottish- American  Journal,  November  24,  1S66. 

Our  Return. 

It  is  just  four  months  since  we  left  Racine  to  visit  the  old  home  in  Eng- 
land, after  an  absence  of  nearly  eight  years.  .  .  .  Having  occasion  to  visit 
Glasgow,  we  concluded  to  make  our  return-trip  on  The  Anchor  Line,  and  took 
passage  on  the  "  Caledonia."  We  had  a  delightful  time,  the  weather  was  good 
and  the  ocean  still,  and  no  pains  spared  on  the  part  of  captain  or  officers  to 
make  us  comfortable.  Glasgow  is  a  very  fine  city,  and,  with  the  scenery  going 
up  the  Clyde,  is  well  worth  seeing. — Racine  (  Wis.)  Advocate,  May  22,  1867. 

The  Anchor  Line  Ocean-Steamers. 

The  route  by  these  steamers  presents  scenery  of  unequalled  interest,  is  the 
only  line  passing  the  north  of  Ireland,  thus  affording  a  view  of  the  Giant's 
Causeway,  Ailsa  Craig,  Land  o'  Burns,  and  the  far-famed  beauty  of  the  Firth 
and  river  Clyde.  Having  arrived  at  Glasgow,  the  tourist  may  spend  weeks  in 
"Bonnie  Scotland,"  amid  the  scenes  immortalized  by  Sir  Walter  Scott. — Cincin- 
nati Enquirer,  May  24,  1867. 

Ocean-Steamers. 

The  steamers  of  The  Anchor  Line  are  first-class,  Clyde-built  iron  steamers, 
divided  into  water-tight  compartments,  well  ventilated,  carry  experienced  sur- 
geons, and  are  unsurpassed  for  safety,  quick  passages,  and  good  treatment  of 
passengers.  The  Anchor  Line  have  a  fine  fleet  of  twenty  steamers,  and  the 
tourist,  by  taking  their  Peninsular  and  Mediterranean  packets,  has  an  oppor- 
tunity afforded  him  of  embarking  on  a  circle  embracing  Lisbon,  Sicily,  Venice, 
Trieste,  Malta,  Smyrna,  Alexandria,  etc.  Travellers  visiting  the  Holy  Land  will 
find  this  route  via  Egypt  to  be  the  cheapest  and  most  expeditious.— Pittston  Ga- 
zette, June  13,  1867. 

A  Trip  across  the  Ocean. 

The  Anchor  Line  is  composed  of  the  best  of  first-class,  Clyde-built  steam- 
ships, inferior  to  none  that  sail  the  Atlantic  Ocean.  They  are  patronized  by  the 
first  families  of  this  country;  many,  who  once  only  went  by  the  Cunard  Line, 
now  go  by  The  Anchor.  On  this  line  you  get  the  best  of  accommodations;  the 
time  is  the  same  as  that  of  other  lines,  and  the  fare  is  lower  than  any  other  first- 
class  line  crossing  the  ocean. — Buffalo  Courier  and  Republic,  June  21,  1867. 

Editorial  Correspondence.— Trip  across  the  Atlantic. 

This  is  my  fifth  trip  across  the  Atlantic  within  a  year.  Heretofore  I  have 
always  travelled  on  mail-steamers,  but,  as  these  were  always  crowded  to  excess,  1 


concluded  to  try  a  new  route  (The  Anchor  Lixe),  which  I  found  to  be  much 
more  economical,  and  equal  in  every  respect,  60  far  as  comfort  is  concerned. 
The  cost  of  passage  is  little  more  than  half  what  is  charged  on  the  mail-steamers, 
and  so  far  as  living  is  concerned  there  is  nothing  to  complain  of.  The  sleeping 
arrangements  are,  if  any  thing,  better  than  those  on  the  Inman  Line  The  state- 
rooms contain  only  two  berths  in  each,  which  are  large  and  commodious.  I 
found  the  captain  and  officers  all  gentlemen. — Galveston  News,  July  4,  18G7. 

Complimentary  Address  to  Captain  Hedderwick. 

On  the  arrival  of  the  steamship  "  Iowa,"  of  The  Anchor  Line,  at  this 
port,  on  the  29th  ult.,  Captain  Hedderw  ick,  recently  promoted  to  the  command 
of  that  vessel,  was  made  the  recipient  of  the  following  complimentary  address 
from  General  Tom  Thumb,  Commodore  Nutt,  and  other  celebrities  of  similar 
standing.  The  address  speaks  much  for  the  urbanity  and  gentlemanly  conduct 
of  Captain  Hedderwick  and  his  officers  : 

[ON  BOAED  STEAMSniP  IOWA.] 

New  Yobk,  June  20,  1807. 
Captain  Hedderwick — Dear  Sir:  We  heartily  give  three  cheers  for  the 
"  Iowa"  and  The  Anchor  Line.  We  have  had  a  delightful  passage  from  Great 
Britain.  The  care  and  attention  of  yourself  and  officers  are  worthy  of  all  praise. 
All  the  employes  of  the  ship  work  kindly  and  systematically  together.  Your 
tables  are  bountifully  provided,  and  the  cooking  the  best  we  ever  experienced  at 
sea.  The  state-rooms  and  general  accommodations  are  all  that  could  be  desired, 
and  we  take  great  pleasure  in  commending  all  our  friends  to  the  line  of  which 
your  ship  forms  one.  Wishing  you  a  long  life  of  bon  voyagts,  we  are, 
,  Gratefully  your  friends, 

Charles  S.  Stratton  (known  as  General  Tom  Thumb). 
Mrs.  Lavinia  Warren  Stratton. 
Commodore  Nutt. 
Minnie  Warren. 
— Scottish-American  Journal,  July  13,  1867. 

The  Anchor  Line  of  Steam-Packet  Ships. 

These  vessels,  in  point  of  sleeping  and  table  accommodations,  are  fully  equal 
to  many  of  the  high-priced  lines.  It  has  always  been  the  policy  of  this  line  to 
furnish  good  accommodations  at  low  rates,  and  as  a  consequence  it  is  daily  grow- 
ing in  favor,  as  every  passenger  carried  is  an  advertisement  for  the  line. — Pitts- 
burg Chronicle,  July  29,  1867. 

Passage  to  Europe. 

The  Anchor  Line  of  steamships  is  one  of  the  safest  and  best  lines  of  steam- 
ers running  between  the  Old  World  and  the  New.  By  this  line,  tickets  can  be 
had  at  such  a  rate  as  hardly  to  prevent  any  one  from  making  the  trip.  During 
this  summer,  many  prominent  persons  have  taken  passage  by  these  steamers. 
We  have  said  this  much,  because  there  is  a  prejudice  against  cheap  steamers,  as 
if  ocean  passage  could  not  be  furnished  at  low  rates,  the  same  as  other  means  of 
travel. — Pittsburg  Dispatch,  July  30,  1867. 

Another  Reduction  in  Fares. 

By  reference  to  our  advertising  columns,  the  reader  will  find  that  the  old  and 
favorite  Anchor  Line  of  ocean-steamers  have  again  reduced  their  rates  of  pas- 
sage between  the  United  States  and  Europe.  This  pioneer  company  of  cheap 
passages  is  now  charging  much  less  in  currency  than  any  other  first-class  com- 
pany charge  in  gold. 

To  those  visiting  Europe  on  business  or  pleasure,  this  company  presents 
great  advantages,  not  only  in  cheap  rates,  but  in  the  good  treatment  of  its  pas- 
sengers. All  those  wrro  contemplate  crossing  the  Atlantic  will  find  it  to  their 
advantage  to  call  for  tickets  or  information  at  the  company's  offices. — Milwaukee 
Sentinel,  August  12,  1867. 

Our  Foreign  Correspondence— New  York  to  Glasgow— Life  on  the  Ocean- Wave. 

This  must  close  my  first  letter.  But  I  must  add,  in  conclusion,  that  to  Ameri- 
cans intending  to  visit  Paris,  and  haviug  plenty  of  time,  a  few  days  spent  longer 
on  the  trip  in  viewing  the  magnificent  scenery  of  the  north  of  Ireland  and  Scotland 
will  be  a  most  pleasant  incident  in  their  trip.  I  had  the  pleasure  of  the  voyage  on 
board  an  Anchor  Line  steamer,  and  I  must  say  that  the  kind  and  obliging  spirit 
shown  by  all  the  officers  had  a  most  beneficial  effect  upon  the  comfort  of  all. 
Everybody  seemed  delighted.  The  ship  is  Clyde-built,  staunch  and  strong — its 
officers  and  men  are  nearly  all  Scotch,  and  it  was  a  common  remark  among  the 
passengers,  that  pot  a  single  oath  had  been  uttered  in  their  presence.  So  general 
had  this  feeling  of  kindliness  pervaded  the  passengers,  especially  the  American 
portion,  that,  on  the  eve  of  our  arrival  in  Glasgow,  a  committee  was  formed  and 
resolutions  passed  expressive  of  the  high  estimate  of  the  pleasure  induced  on  the 
voyage. — New  York  Sun,  August  28,1867. 

The  Anchor  Line  of  Steamers. 

The  accommodations  furnished  to  and  the  treatment  of  passengers  by  the 
officers  in  charge  of  this  ocean-line  are  unsurpassed. — Phrenological  Journal, 
September,  1867. 


46 


THE  ANCHOR  LINE  OF  STEAMERS. 


The  Anchor  Line  steamers  have  a  deserved  repute  as  good,  safe  vessels, 
well  manned,  and  commanded  by  careful  and  competent  seamen.  The  accom- 
modations for  passengers  arc  quite  good. —  Worcester  Spy,  September  18,  1867. 

The  New  Steamship  "Europa"—  Anchor  Line. 

The  new  steamship  "  Europa,"  attached  to  The  Anchor  Line,  arrived  at  this 
port  yesterday  morning,  and  anchored  in  the  stream.  To-day  she  will  be  in 
her  dock,  Pier  20  North  River.  She  brings  250  steerage  and  30  cabin  passen- 
gers—1,200  tons  freight,  and  12  Shetland  ponies,  all  for  New  York  account. 
She  left  Glasgow  on  the  morning  of  the  26th  of  September,  and  Moville,  Lon- 
donderry, on  the  evening  of  same  day.  She  is  intended  for  an  additional 
steamer  of  The  Anchor  Line,  now  comprising  eight  steamers.  She  encountered 
for  the  first  six  days  of  her  passage,  her  first  across  the  Atlantic,  very  rough  and 
stormy  weather,  with  severe  westerly  gales,  performing  well  during  the  whole 
trip,  and  giving  satisfaction  to  her  officers  and  owners. 

The  "Europa"  was  built  on  the  Clyde  for  Messrs.  Handyside  &  Henderson, 
at  a  cost — for  ship  and  complete  equipments — of  £70,000.  She  is  300  feet  in 
length,  35  feet  breadth  of  beam,  29  feet  depth  of  hold.  She  has  a  double-cylin- 
der direct-acting  engine,  with  two  boilers  of  400  horse-power,  making  63  revolu- 
tions per  minute,  with  36-inch  stroke.  There  are  also  one  donkey  and  two 
hand  engines,  to  be  used  in  ease  of  fire,  the  donkey-engine  being  also  used  for 
distilling  water  for  the  ship's  use — capable  of  distilling  1,000  gallons  per  day — 
and  for  working  the  machinery  for  receiving  and  discharging  cargo.  It  is 
estimated  that  the  engine  of  the  "  Europa"  will  consume  from  37  to  40  tons  of 
coal  per  day,  which  is  said  to  be  less  than  any  other  steamer  of  the  line,  owing 
to  some  late  process  of  economizing  fuel.  She  has  on  her  deck  fivo>  compasses, 
viz.,  one  bridge-compass  forward,  one  standard  compass,  one  cabin  or  tell-tale 
compass,  and  two  compasses  in  her  wheel-house.  The  deck  is  perforated  for 
ventilators  for  supplying  the  interior  of  the  ship  with  air,  of  which  there 
are  eleven.  Seven  boats  are  also  made  fast  to  the  deck,  all  of  which 
are  fully  equipped,  and  four  of  which  are  life-boats,  that  cannot  be  made 
to  sink  in  the  roughest  sea.  Her  steering-gear  is  on  the  improved  plan 
of  double  tiller-wheels  and  disconnecting  shaft,  and  capable  of  being 
worked  separately  or  together.  She  has  six  anchors,  three  large  movable 
patent  anchors,  and  three  small.  Two  large  iron  tanks  are  placed  in  the 
forward  part  of  the  ship,  and  two  aft,  capable  of  holding  18,000  gallons  of  water. 
The  saloon  of  the  "  Europa "  is  a  model  of  taste,  elegance,  and  comfort,  the 
whole  interior  is  of  solid  teak-wood,  polished,  resembling  our  black-walnut, 
panelled  and  inlaid  with  plane-tree  wood,  resembling  satin-wood — the  outer  panel 
raised  and  grooved.  Sofas,  also  made  of  solid  teak,  covered  with  maroon-eol- 
ored  morocco,  with  stuffed  cushions  and  back,  occupy  the  whole  length  of  the 
saloon  on  either  side.  Double  rows  of  dining-tables,  also  of  solid  teak,  are  made 
to  fold  in  the  centre,  so  as  to  give  ample  room  to  passengers  between  meals  for 
dancing,  music,  or  extempore  theatricals.  A  very  elegant  7-octave  piano,  said  to 
have  cost  £150,  occupies  the  upper  end  of  the  saloon,  and  rotatory  teak  arm- 
chairs, with  maroon-plush  covering,  are  promiscuously  distributed.  At  either 
side  of  the  entrance  are  elegant  sideboards,  elaborately  ornamented  with  marble 
tops  of  serpentine  form,  surmounted  with  French  plate  mirrors.  At  the  ex- 
treme right  and  left  of  these  sideboards  are  library-cases  stored  with  miscella- 
neous reading  for  the  amusement  and  edification  of  passengers.  On  the  star- 
board and  larboard  sides  of  the  saloon  are  steam-pipes,  some  18  inches  in 
front  of  the  sofas,  for  heating  in  cold  weather.  At  night  the  saloon  is  lighted 
with  eighteen  wax-candles,  in  silver  swinging  candlesticks,  as  being  cleaner 
than  whale  or  petroleum  oil.  On  the  same  deck  is  a  gentlemen's  smoking- 
room  and  a  ladies'  private  sitting-room,  both  neatly  furnished.  The  state-rooms 
contain  two  berths,  each  of  which  can  be  drawn  out  to  accommodate  two  per- 
sons. The  floors  are  carpeted,  and  each  apartment  provided  with  sofa,  marble- 
top  wash-stand,  and  mirror,  life-preservers,  and  other  necessary  articles.  The 
price  of  these  berths,  inclusive  of  passage,  is  from  eleven  to  fifteen  guineas. 
The  "Europa"  is  fitted  for  540  steerage  and  80  cabin  passengers. — New  York 
Herald,  October  11,  1867. 

Anchor  Line— The  new  Steamship  Europa. 

The  new  screw-steamship  "  Enropa,"  of  The  Anchor  Line,  arrived  at 
New  York  on  Wednesday  of  last  week.  The  "Europa"  left  Glasgow  on 
September  26th,  and  touched  at  Moville  on  the  same  day.  This  was  her 
first  voyage  across  the  Atlantic.  All  her  arrangements  for  extinguishing 
fires,  for  escape  in  case  of  accident,  for  receiving  and  discharging  cargo,  for 
steering,  for  the  comfort  of  passengers  and  crew,  etc.,  are  of  the  latest  and 
most  improved  patterns.  There  are  three  engines  which  can  be  used  in  the  case 
of  fire,  and  one  of  these,  a  donkey-engine,  near  the  middle  of  the  vessel,  is  also 
used  for  distilling  water  (it  is  capable  of  distilling  1,000  gallons  a  day),  and  for 
working  the  machinery  for  receiving  and  discharging  cargo,  etc.  There  are 
seven  boats  on  board,  four  of  them  life-bonts.  The  steering-gear  is  of  the  im- 
proved plan  of  double  tiller- wheels  and  disconnecting  shaft,  and  may  be  worked 
separately  or  together.  But  the  most  noticeable  arrangements  in  the  vessel  are 
those  for  the  convenience  of  passengers.  The  saloon  is  the  most  comfortable  we 
have  seen  on  board  any  Atlantic  steamer.  The  interior  is  of  solid  teak  inlaid 
with  plane-tree,  and  is  a  model  in  every  respect.    The  sofas  are  made  of  solid 


teak,  are  constructed  so  that  they  can  be  folded  in  the  centre  and  drawn  up  at 
the  ends,  thus  giving  ample  room  to  passengers  between  meals.  A  very  elegant 
seven-octave  piano  occupies  the  upper  end  of  the  saloon.  There  are  several  ro- 
tatory arm-chairs,  two  elegant  sideboards  with  marble  tops,  surmounted  by 
French-plate  mirrors,  book-cases,  glass  racks,  which  may  be  lowered  and  raised 
at  will,  some  beautiful  flowers  in  a  recess  of  the  sky-light  overhead,  etc.  \Vhile 
there  is  no  useless  ornament,  every  thing  is  provided  that  can  contribute  to  com- 
fort. In  the  state-rooms  the  arrangements  for  passengers  are  equally  good. 
Each  apartment  is  carpeted,  and  is  provided  with  sofa,  mirror,  washstand,  life- 
preserver,  and  other  necessary  articles.  There  is  a  gentlemen's  smoking-room, 
and  a  ladies'  private  sitting-room,  both  furnished  very  neatly. 

The  forward  cabins  and  state-rooms  arc  very  well  arranged,  and  are  about  as 
comfortable  as  the  first  cabin  in  several  other  lines  of  steamers.  The  steerage  is 
clean  and  comfortable,  and  there  is  no  . chance  of  overcrowding.  Throughout 
the  whole  vessel  the  ventilation  is  excellent,  and  there  is  fresh  air  at  all  times  in 
abundance,  so  that  all  parts  of  the  ship  are  perfectly  sweet  and  healthy.  The 
arrangements  made  for  warming  the  saloons  and  state-rooms  in  cold  weather  are 
perfect.  But  we  have  not  space  to  refer  to  all  the  improvements  which  have 
been  introduced.  We  understand  that  the  vessel  will  be  open  to  visitors  for  one 
or  two  days  previous  to  her  departure,  and  all  who  go  on  board  may  be  assured 
that  they  will  be  gratified,  no  less  by  the  perfection  of  every  arrangement  for 
passengers  and  freight,  than  by  the  courtesy  of  all  the  officers. — Scottish.- Ameri- 
can Journal,  October  19,  1867. 

European  Travel. 

It  is  not  generally  known  that  by  far  the  most  beautiful  entrance  from  the 
sea  into  Great  Britain  is  on  the  route  from  New  York  to  Glasgow,  along  the 
northern  coast  of  Ireland,  and  through  the  romantic  islands  that,  on  the  map, 
appear  to  bar  the  mouth  of  the  beautiful  river  Clyde.  Americans  have  gen- 
erally availed  themselves  of  the  route  to  Liverpool,  but,  in  doing  so,  they  have 
missed  an  experience  in  coast-scenery  seldom  gained  on  sea-voyages.  For  two 
days  before  the  arrival  of  the  Scotch  steamers  in  Glasgow,  each  successive  stroke 
of  the  screw  reveals  new  beauties.  About  the  first  point  reached  is  the  northern 
coast  of  Ireland,  which,  for  a  hundred  miles,  presents  one  of  the  most  wild  and 
picturesque  sights  that  can  be  imagined.  Black,  stern,  rugged  rocks  rise  per- 
pendicularly out  of  the  sea.  Among  these  the  wild  sea-gull  finds  a  home  high 
up  beyond  the  reach  of  the  gun  of  the  hunter.  These  precipices  are  broken  here 
and  there,  showing  delightful  bits  of  rustic  scenery  and  Irish  agriculture.  After 
Londonderry,  come  Portrush  and  the  Giant's  Causeway.  Many  people  do  not 
know  that  this  can  be  seen  distinctly  from  the  ship,  yet  such  is  the  case,  even 
without  the  aid  of  a  glass.  The  Giant,  the  presiding  genius  of  the  place,  as  well 
as  his  cave,  is  also  shown.  Kathlin  Island,  the  Mull  of  Cantyre,  Sanda  Island, 
the  isles  of  Arran  and  Bute,  most  of  which  are  places  of  historical  interest,  are 
passed  within  hail.  The  blue  peak  of  the  far-famed  Ben  Lomond  is  seen  at  the 
distance  of  about  twenty  miles.  Next  comes  Ailsa  Craig,  rising  like  a  sugar-loaf 
a  thousand  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea.  Then  passing  the  Kyles  of  Bute,  the 
beautiful  river  Clyde  is  entered  and  Glasgow  reached.  Too  much  space  would 
be  occupied  in  adequately  describing  the  many  other  places  of  interest  to  be  seen 
on  this  route,  but  a  voyage  is  well  repaid,  not  only  in  its  beautiful  scenery,  but 
for  the  kindness  shown  by  the  officers  of  these  Scotch  boats.  The  Scotch  char- 
acter is  genuine,  honest,  and  obliging,  and  full 'of  that  home  spirit  which  makes 
every  one  feel  comfortable.  This  is  shown  in  the  willingness  of  the  ship's  offi- 
cers, when  off  duty,  to  show  and  describe  every  feature  of  interest  on  the  route, 
and  to  weave  in  with  ils  mention  the  legends  of  a  place.  The  pleasant  experi- 
ence of  a  sea-trip  is  worth  remembering,  and  the  conduct  of  the  captain  and  his 
officers  on  board  conduces  materially  to  that  end. — New  York  Phrenological  Jour- 
nal, November,  1867. 

The  New  Steamship  "Europa." 

The  fleet  of  The  Anchor  Line  of  Transatlantic  steamships  has  been  increased 
to  seven  by  the  addition  of  a  new  screw-steamer,  the  "Europa."  Since  her 
arrival  at  pier  No.  20  North  Eiver,  she  has  been  open  to  the  visits  of  the  public. 
In  point  of  beauty  and  luxury,  her  internal  fittings  are  all  that  could  be  desired. 
Handsome  walnut  lounges  and  settees,  upholstered  in  crimson  velvet,  with  large 
pier-glasses,  arranged  so  as  to  magnify  space,  charm  the  eye,  and  deceive  the 
senses.  Her  officers  speak  well  of  her  bearing  during  the  rough  weather  she 
encountered  in  her  voyage  hither,  which  was  accomplished  in  eleven  days. — 
New  York  Sun,  December  3,  1867. 

The  New  Steamship  "  India."— The  Latest  Addition  to  The  Anchor  Line.— Her 
Dimensions,  Machinery,  Accommodations,  and  Appointments. 

The  new  steamship  "  India,"  the  latest  addition  to  the  ocean  fleet  of  The 
Anchor  Line,  hence  to  Glasgow,  arrived  at  this  port  yesterday,  and  is  now 
discharging  her  large  cargo  at  the  company's  dock,  pier  No.  20  North  River. 
This  superb  vessel,  one  of  the  largest  of  the  line,  has  strength,  plenty  of 
room,  and  appointments  of  elegance  and  refinement  pervading  it  throughout. 
It  is  a  naval  architectural  creation  reflecting  credit  on  all  connected  with  her 
erection,  from  those  who  laid  down  the  lines  of  its  mcdel,  even  to  the  plastic 
hand  that  firished  its  decorations.    The  "India"  is  of  iron,  bark-rigged,  and 


THE  ANCHOR  LINE  OF  STEAMERS. 


47 


built  by  Messrs.  William  Simons  &  Co.,  of  Renfrew,  last  year,  being  launched 
the  2d  of  July,  1868.  Her  length  on  deck  is  315  feet  6  inches,  and  over  all  330 
feet  2  inches.  She  has  a  breadth  of  beam  of  36  feet,  a  depth  of  hold  of  22  feet 
4  inches,  a  load-draught  of  2()  feet  6  inches,  and  is  2,500  tons  burden,  British 
measurement.  She  has  three  decks,  the  depths  between  them  respectively  being 
7  feet  6  inches.  Upon  each  of  these  decks  are  iron-plate  stringers,  of  large  size 
and  thickness,  tending  to  materially  strengthen  thein.  The  hull  of  this  vessel  is 
of  wrought-iron  plates,  \\  inch  in  thickness  on  her  bottom,  which  decreases  but 
three-eighths  of  an  inch  in  any  portion  of  her.  Her  floors  are  of  double  angle- 
iron,  of  more  than  ordinary  width  and  thickness,  and  her  plates  are  to  a  great 
extent  double-riveted.  She  is  fitted  with  six  water-tight  bulkheads,  which  are 
of  iron,  one-half  and  five-eighths  of  an  inch  in  thickness,  from  engine-room  to 
after-hold.  Water-tanks  of  more  than  usual  size  are  placed  in  this  vessel,  there 
being  five  capable  of  containing  4,C00  gallons  each,  and  the  apparatus  for  the 
condensation  of  this  has  a  capacity  of  300  gallons  and  upward  every  24  hours. 
The  steering-gear  of  this  vessel  has  all  the  modern  improvements,  and  possesses 
the  great  strength  that  should  be  given  to  apparatus  of  this  character.  Properly 
rigged,  one-half  being  provided  with  improved  lowering  apparatus,  are  six 
life-boats  hanging  ovcr.the  upper  deck. 

The  machinery  of  the  "  India,"  in  both  character  and  construction,  is  worthy 
of  commendation.  She  is  fitted  with  compound  direct-acting  engines,  having 
four  cylinders,  two  being  of  72  inches  in  diameter,  and  two  36  inches  in  diam- 
eter, with  a  stroke  of  piston  of  three  feet.  These  engines,  during  the  voyage 
just  ended,  worked  admirably;  but,  as  soon  as  the  journals  and  other  parts  are 
smoothly  worn,  as  with  all  new  machinery,  an  improvement  will  readily  be  ob- 
served. Her  propeller,  of  iron,  has  four  blades,  a  diameter  of  19  feet,  and  a  pitch 
of  22  feet  6  inches.  Her  boilers  are  two  in  number,  and  of  the  tubular  descrip- 
tion. They  are  placed  fore-and-aft  in  the  vessel,  are  fitted  with  twelve  fur- 
naces, and  their  shells  are  of  five-eighths-inch  iron.  In  the  generation  of  steam 
they  have  given  great  satisfaction.  Besides  these  facts  of  importance  regarding 
machinery,  there  are  steam-pumps,  fire -pumps,  steam-hoisting  apparatus,  and 
all  else  that  vessels  of  this  character  and  service  require,  in  abundance. 

The  "India"  has  accommodations  for  120  cabin  and  about  575  steerage  pas- 
sengers. The  state-rooms  of  the  former  are  indeed  roomy,  comfortable,  and 
almost  luxurious.  Convenience  and  comfort  are  everywhere.  These  rooms  open 
into  each  other,  and  can  be  used  en  suite  if  necessary,  and  opening  from  the 
saloon  the  arrangement  cannot  easily  be  surpassed.  In  each  of  these  apartments 
are  sofas,  covered  with  claret-velvet  plush,  berths  of  large  size,  and  velvet  car- 
pets of  excellent  design.  Between  each,  is  situated  a  toilet-stand — another 
arrangement  of  utility  and  good  taste.  The  saloon,  fully  ninety  feet  in  length,  is 
fitted  with  all  the  conveniences  that  could  be  easily  thought  of,  and  in  the  mat- 
ter of  richness  and  splendor  is  seldom  surpassed  in  ocean-steamships.  Its  sides 
are  of  maple,  painted  white,  with  a  gold  bead  running  at  top  and  bottom,  and 
along  the  panels.  In  the  matter  of  upholstery  ;  beauty,  comfort,  and  luxury,  also 
abound.  Large  mirrors,  marble-top  sideboards,  lounges,  sofas,  and  arm-chairs, 
are  in  profusion.  The  after-part  of  the  saloon  is  provided  with  an  elegant  piano, 
of  exquisite  tone,  and  when  the  lady-passengers  cannot  pass  the  hours  merrily 
away  with  music,  they  can  repair  to  the  library,  and  in  the  perusal  of  choice 
booUs  as  pleasant  companions  be  contented.  This  portion  of  the  vessel  is,  as 
indeed  are  all  others,  noted  for  its  excellent  ventilation  and  appearance  of  cheer- 
fulness. 

The  conveniences  for  the  comfort  and  safety  of  steerage-passengers  are  also 
worthy  of  especial  mention.  The  steerage  is  large,  airy,  easily  reached,  and  is 
fitted  with  all  that  not  only  the  stringent  laws  of  the  United  States  and  Great 
Britain  require,  but  with  an  abundance  of  every  thing  that  can  decrease  the  an- 
noyances to  this  class  of  passengers  on  an  ocean-voyage. 

The  "India,"  in  a  word,  is  a  good  sea-going  vessel,  a  model  of  naval  archi- 
tecture, and  a  credit  to  Tue  Anchor  Line. — New  York  Herald,  February  25, 
1869. 

The  New  Steamship  "  India,"  of  the  Anchor  Line. 

This  new  steamship  arrived  at  New  York  on  Wednesday  of  last  week.  It 
has  already  been  stated  in  these  columns  that  the  "  India"  is  one  of  the  largest, 
and,  in  every  respect,  finest  vessels  belonging  to  The  Anchor  Line.  There  are 
accommodations  on  board  for  120  cabin  and  about  575  steerage  passengers.  The 
state-rooms  arc  roomy,  well  ventilated,  and  comfortable.  The  steerage  is  large, 
airy,  easily  reached,  cheerful  in  appearance,  and  provided  with  all  the  conven- 
iences required  by  the  passengers.  The  saloon  is  handsomely  furnished ;  has 
large  mirrors,  sofas,  lounges,  marble-top  sideboards  in  abundance ;  a  piano  is 
placed  at  the  after-part ;  a  select  library  is  provided,  and  every  thing  in  this  part 
of  the  vessel,  both  below  and  on  deck,  wears  a  cheerful,  pleasant  appearance. 
All  the  latest  improvements  in  construction,  in  machinery,  and  in  arrangements 
for  the  safety  and  comfort  of  passengers,  have  been  adopted,  and  we  can  confi- 
dently assert  that  the  "India"  is  one  of  the  strongest,  safest,  speediest,  and 
most  comfortable  steamships  on  the  ocean.— Scottish- American  Journal,  March 
6,  1869. 

The  Anchor  Line. 

It  must  be  gratifying  to  all  our  readers  to  learn  that  the  steamers  plying  be- 
tween New  York  and  Glasgow  are  equal,  in  respect  to  safety  and  comfort,  to 


those  of  other  Transatlantic  lines,  and  that  the  improvements  which  are  con- 
stantly being  made  in  the  former  encourage  us  to  hope  that  the  trade  between 
this  country  and  the  Clyde  will  eventually  as  far  surpass  the  trade  between  this 
country  and  any  other  European  port,  as  Clyde-built  steamers  surpass  the  steam- 
ers of  every  other  ship-building  place  in  the  world.  The  Anchor  Line  is,  in- 
deed, one  of  the  youngest  of  the  kind  in  existence.  It  was  started  and  has 
prospered  without  Government  aid.  It  seems  to  be  the  ambition  of  the  ownerB 
of  The  Anchor  Line  to  obtain  the  highest  reputation,  for  their  attention  to  all 
the  wants  of  the  public  they  were  destined  to  serve.  The  additions  which  they 
are  constantly  making  to  their  splendid  fleet  show  that  they  are  fully  aware  ot 
the  advantages  of  their  position,  and  are  determined,  as  far  as  practicable,  to 
maintain  in  their  own  department  the  high  reputation  of  Clyde  ship-builders 
and  Clyde  ship-owners  for  enterprise  and  success  in  business.  We  have  no  hesi- 
tation in  saying  that  every  Scotsman  has  good  reason  to  be  proud  of  The 
Anchor  Line,  and  should  lend  his  aid  in  promoting  its  efficiency  and  popular- 
ity.— Seoltisli-American  Journal,  May  29,  1869. 

On  the  Ocean— Trip  to  Europe- The  Anchor  Line  of  Steamers. 

The  writer  says  he  has  crossed  on  the  Cunard,  French,  and  Inman  Lines,  but 
that  he  was  never  on  a  boat  that  pleased  him  better  than  the  "  India,"  nor  where 
the  passengers  were  better  cared  for;  and  this  is  the  universal  opinion  of  all 
the  passengers.  The  captain  is  a  most  agreeable  gentleman,  as  well  as  all  the 
other  officers  associated  with  him.  The  table  is  excellent  in  variety  as  well  as 
quality  and  quantity — the  latter  no  mean  consideration,  as  the  ocean-air  is  a  great 
appetizer.  The  charges  of  The  Anchor  Line  are  so  moderate,  and  the  accom- 
modations so  excellent,  that  man}-  of  those  who  formerly  crossed  by  the  Cunard 
or  Inman  boats  are  this  season  taking  passage  in  the  steamships  of  The  Anchor 
Line.  One  of  our  best  European  guide-books  says  of  The  Anchor  Line  :  "  The 
courtesy  of  the  officers  of  this  line  is  proverbial,  and  as  the  ships  make  the 
1  north  about,'  avoiding  St.  George's  Channel,  securing  the  most  splendid  of  ap- 
proaches to  land,  and  booking  passengers  to  Liverpool  at  the  same  price  as  to 
Glasgow,  it  is  not  strange  that  hundreds  of  those  wishing  to  include  Scotland  in 
their  tours  are  bending  in  that  direction." — Evening  Wisconsin,  June  19,  1869. 

Ho!  for  Scotland. 

We  cannot  too  warmly  commend  The  Anchor  Line  to  persons  contempla- 
ting a  foreign  tour,  or  who  purpose  sending  for  friends,  for  we  are  well  assured 
that  in  every  point  of  view  it  is  just  the  line  to  meet  all  their  wants  and  desires 
for  travel.  We  repeat  the  assurance,  that  all,  who  may  have  in  view  a  voyage 
across  the  ocean,  will  find  in  The  Anchor  Line  a  safe,  comfortable,  quick,  and 
pleasant  means  of  transit. — Delaware  Express,  June  30,  1869. 

The  Anchor  Line  of  Steam  Packet-Ships. 

Passage  to  Europe,  or  round-trip  tickets,  can  be  had  by  The  Anchor  Line 
steamships,  at  such  a  rate  as  hardly  to  prevent  any  one  from  making  the  trip  ; 
and  when  it  is  understood  that  these  vessels,  in  point  of  sleeping  and  table 
accommodations,  are  fully  equal  to  many  of  the  high-priced  lines,  the  efforts 
of  the  owners  to  accommodate  travellers  will  be  appreciated.  It  has  always 
been  the  policy  of  this  line  to  furnish  good  accommodation  at  low  rates,  and, 
as  a  consequence,  it  is  daily  growing  in  favor,  as  every  passenger  carried  is  an 
advertisement  for  the  Line. — Pittsburg  Chronicle,  July  27,  1869. 

The  Anchor  Line. 

The  steamers  of  this  line  are  large  and  commodious,  commanded  by  capable 
and  experienced  seamen ;  the  price  of  passage  moderate,  and  no  exertion  spared 
for  the  comfort  of  passengers.  They  should  be  liberally  patronized. — New  York 
Tablet,  July  31,  1869. 

Ocean  steam  lines  are  being  multiplied  and  extended,  but,  we  regret  to  writo 
it,  almost  exclusively  by  foreign  companies.  We  observe  that  Henderson 
Brothers,  the  New  York  agents  of  The  Anchor  Line  of  steamers  plying  be- 
tween New  York  and  Glasgow,  and  touching  at  Londonderry,  Ireland,  give 
notice  that  they  purpose  commencing  in  October  next  a  regular  line  of  first-class 
powerful  steamers  between  the  Italian  and  Sicilian  ports  and  New  York.  This 
line  is  intended  to  take  the  fruit  and  wine  trade  between  the  Mediterranean  ports 
and  the  United  States,  which  is  now  done  altogether  by  sailing-vessels.  The 
new  steamers  to  reinforce  the  line  are  now  building  on  the  Clyde,  in  Scotland. — 
Chicago  Eij>ublican,  August  15,  1869. 

The  Suez  Canal. 

The  Glasgow  Herald  of  November  18th  says  :  "  Our  townsmen,  Messrs.  Handy- 
side  &  Henderson,  have  this  forenoon  received  a  telegram  from  Mr.  Fleming, 
their  agent  in  Egypt,  dated  Ismailia,  this  morning,  at  20  minutes  from  7  o'clock, 
advising  that  their  screw-steamer  'Dido'  had  just  arrived  there,  en  route  for 
Suez,  being  the  first  British  merchant-steamer  to  enter  the  Suez  Canal." 

We  understand  that  Messrs.  Handyside  &  Henderson  have  all  along  mani- 
fested a  lively  interest  in  the  undertaking,  and  have  watched  the  progress  of  the 


48 


THE  ANCHOR  LINE  OF  STEAMERS. 


work  and  its  approach  to  a  termination  with  an  intelligent  appreciation  of  its 
importance,  wi  ll  knowing  the  revolution  in  the  mode  of  transit  to  the  East  which 
the  successful  completion  of  the  canal  will  undoubtedly  produce.  Mr.  Thomas 
Henderson,  the  senior  member  of  the  firm,  visited  and  inspected  the  canal 
throughout  its  whole  length,  about  18  months  ago,  and  was  then  strongly  im- 
pressed, from  all  lie  heard  and  saw  on  the  spot,  that  the  undertaking  would 
certainly  prove  an  engineering  success,  and  soon  be  an  accomplished  fact.  It 
must  be  gratifying  to  the  local  pride  of  our  citizens,  as  it  is  highly  creditable  to 
the  energy  and  enterprise  of  the  owners  of  the  "Dido,"  that  the  first  British 
merchant-vessel  that  passes  through  the  canal  should  hail  from  Ghisgow  and  fly 
the  well-known  Anchor  flag. — New  York  Herald,  November  30,  18G9. 

The  Catholic  Hierarchy  and  "  The  Anchor  Line." 

We  have  had  occasion,  more  than  once,  to  call  the  attention  of  our  readers  to 
the  courtesy  and  generous  treatment  experienced  at  the  hands  of  Messrs.  Hen- 
derson Brothers,  proprietors  of  The  Anchor  Line  of  Atlantic  steamships,  by 
such  of  our  friends  or  countrymen  as  business  or  pleasure  induced  to  visit  the 
Old  World.  Wo  are  glad  to  be  able  to  add  to  our  own  testimony  that  of 
eighteen  archbishops  and  bishops,  who  have  just  had  an  opportunity  of  testing 
the  excellence  of  The  Anchor  Line  in  the  ocean-voyage  on  their  way  to  the 
(Ecumenical  Council  at  the  Vatican. 

We  copy  the  following  from  the  Glasgow  Herald  of  the  25th  ultimo  : 

•Gibraltar,  December  11, 1869. 

"  Mr  dear  Sir  :  In  the  name  of  the  Catholic  clergy  and  people  of  Gibraltar, 
may  I  beg  to  thank  you  most  cordially  for  all  your  very  kind  and  exquisite 
attention  to  our  bishop  and  the  other  Catholic  prelates  and  clergy  who  went 
hence  on  the  23d  ult.  in  your  good  ship  the  '  Dorian'  to  Civita  Vecchia?  Please 
also  to  convey  our  united  grateful  acknowledgments  to  each  and  all  under  your 
command  for  their  goodness  throughout  the  voyage. 

"  Our  bishop  writes  in  terms  of  the  utmost  satisfaction  with  the  vessel,  and 
of  deepest  gratitude  to  yourself,  and  states  he  is  joined  therein  by  all  the  party. 

"  Wishing  yourself,  your  vessel,  and  the  whole  Anchor  Line  every  bljssing 
and  happiness,  in  preparation  for  our  united  anchorage  above, 

"  I  beg  to  remain,  my  dear  sir,  yours  very  faithfully, 

(Signed)  Thomas  MaoAcliffe,  D.  D.,  Catholic  Priest. 

"To  Captain  Small,  commanding  steamship  'Dorian.'  " 
— Irish  Ripublic,  January  15,  1S70. 

A  New  Ocean-Steamer. 

The  new  steamer  "  Anglia,"  of  The  Anchor  (Glasgow)  Line,  is  in  every 
respect  a  first-class  vessel.  She  is  of  iron,  brig-rigged,  and  was  built  last  year. 
The  "Anglia"  is  fitted  with  six  water-tight  bulkheads  of  iron.  She  has  ac- 
commodations for  100  first-class  passengers,  80  intermediate  or  second  class, 
and  700  steerage.  The  conveniences  and  comforts  of  the  vessel  are  second  to 
none  that  sail  from  the  port. — New  York  Commercial  Advertiser,  February  15, 
1870. 

The  New  Stamship  "Anglia"— The  Anchor  Line's  Latest  Addition— Her 
Dimensions,  Machinery,  and  Appointments— List  of  her  Officers. 

The  new  steamship  "  Anglia,"  the  latest  addition  to  The  Anchor  Line,  hence 
to  Glasgow,  arrived  at  this  port  late  Sunday  evening,  and  is  now  lying  at  the  dock 
of  the  company,  pier  No.  20  North  River,  where  her  cargo  is  being  discharged. 
The  "  Anglia"  is  one  of  the  largest  and  most  elegantly- equipped  vessels  of  the 
line,  being  complete  in  all  her  fittings  and  appointments.  This  vessel  is  of  iron, 
brig-rigged,  and  was  built  last  year,  being  launched  in  the  first  week  in  Decem- 
ber. She  has  a  length  of  keel  and  fore  rake  of  335  feet,  on  deck  340  feet,  a 
breadth  of  beam  ( moulded)  of  35  feet,  and  a  depth  of  hold  of  25  feet.  She  is  pro- 
vided with  three  decks,  the  height  between  the  first  and  second  being  eight  feet, 
and  that  between  the  second  and  third,  or  lower  deck,  18  feet,  clear  of  beams. 
Tier  tonnage  is  of  2,250  tons,  old  measurement,  and  she  draws,  when  loaded,  21 
feet  six  inches  of  water.  Her  plates  are  3J-,  I  and  i  inch  in  thickness,  and  her 
outer  and  inner  stern-ports,  also  of  hammered  iron,  are  of  the  usual  dimensions 
commensurate  with  efficiency  and  safety.  The  "  Anglia"  is  fitted  with  six  water- 
tight bulkheads  of  iron,  and  her  steering-apparatus  is  remarkably  strong,  the 
rudder  being  provided  with  a  hammered  iron  stock,  bound  with  plates  of  the 
same  material.  The  gear  of  this  arrangement  is  worked  witli  a  screw,  and  pro- 
visions are  made  by  means  of  which  tillers  can  he  rigged  on  the  lower  decks 
should  any  thing  happen  to  the  apparatus  above.  Water-tanks,  two  forward  and 
two  aft,  capable  of  holding  30,000  gallons,  are  provided,  while  a  fresh-water  con- 
denser furnishes  in  addition  thereto  80  gallons  per  hour.  The  vessel  has  six  large 
life-boats,  and  one  of  smaller  size  for  general  work,  that  would  each  carry,  in  case 
of  extreme  noccssity,  fully  fifty  persons  safely.  They  are  supplied  with  im- 
proved lowering  apparatus,  which  insures,  whatever  the  nature  of  an  alarm  should 
bo,  perfect  working. 

The  "  Anglia"  has  accommodations  for  100  first-class  passengers,  80  interme- 
diate or  second-class,  and  700  steerage.  The  conveniences  and  comforts  of  the 
vessel  are  second  to  none  that  sail  from  the  port.    The  ladies'  saloon,  on  the 


main  deck,  is  fully  80  feet  long,  luxuriantly  appointed  and  finished.  The  sides 
are  of  maple  inlaid  with  teak,  surmounted  with  elegant  cornices,  and  relieved 
with  pillars  artistically  executed.  On  cither  side  runs  a  series  of  tables,  over 
which  racks  are  placed  for  glasses,  decanters,  and  other  articles  desired  at  every 
meal.  At  the  forward  end  are  large  gilt  mirrors  hanging  over  a  piano  of  exqui- 
site tone  and  finish,  while  the  arm-chairs,  lounges,  and  Brussels  carpets,  give  the 
whole  a  charming  and  substantial  appearance. 

The  second-class  saloon  is  also  large  and  comfortable,  differing  but  little  from 
the  first.  The  steerage  is  very  commodious  and  convenient,  water  closets  and 
wash-rooms  being  in  abundance,  while  the  ventilation  at  all  times  is  in  every  re- 
spect almost  perfect.  The  ladies  of  the  first  cabin  have  more  than  the  usual 
number  of  retiring-rooms  at  their  disposal,  inasmuch  as  there  is  a  private  saloon 
on  the  promenade  deck  for  their  exclusive  use,  in  addition  to  their  saloon  below, 
where  none  of  the  "lords  of  creation"  can  enter  except  by  their  invitation  or 
assent.  The  cooking-apparatus  is  also  quite  perfect.  Life- belts  are  provided 
for  every  passenger. 

The  motive  power  of  the  "Anglia"  consists  of  two  direct-acting  engines  of 
50  inches  diameter  and  three  feet  six  inch  stroke  of  piston,  the  nominal  power 
of  which  is  400  horse,  while  the  effective  power  that  can  be  reached,  if  necessary, 
is  1,500  horse.  Steam  is  generated  from  two  horizontal  tubular  boilers,  21  feet 
long,  14  feet  wide,  and  21  feet  in  height.  The  engines  are  fitted  with  a  surface 
condenser.  The  propeller  (of  iron)  is  15  feet  in  diameter,  pitch  20  feet,  and  of 
four  blades. 

The  "  Anglia"  is,  in  fact,  fitted  up  with  all  the  recent  improvements  in  naval 
architecture,  and  is  a  finely-finished  and  appointed  craft.  She  has  already  proved 
herself  a  capital  sea-going  craft,  as  in  the  recent  trip — her  first — she  came  out  un- 
scathed from  weather  terrible  in  its  severity,  beating  to  this  port  some  of  the 
European  steamships  thought  to  be  unsurpassed  in  speed. — New  York  Herald, 
February  15,  1870. 

The  New  Anchor  Line  Steamship  "Anglia." 

The  new  steamship  "  Anglia,"  of  The  Anchor  Line,  whose  departure  from 
Glasgow  we  noticed  last  week,  arrived  at  this  port  on  Sunday  evening.  The 
"Anglia"  has  been  already  several  times  referred  to  in  our  news  items  under 
the  heading  of  Glasgow.  From  her  performances  at  her  trial-trip  and  during 
her  passage  across  the  Atlantic,  it  is  expected  that  she  will  prove  one  of  the 
fastest,  safest,  and  most  attractive  vessels  on  the  line  between  Glasgow  and 
New  York.  There  are  accommodations  on  board  for  about  700  steerage  and 
80  cabin  passengers.  The  main  saloon  and  the  state-rooms  are  provided  with 
every  convenience,  and  are  handsomely  decorated.  Special  accommodations  are 
provided  for  ladies,  while  the  comfort  of  gentlemen  is  consulted  in  the  fitting  up 
of  the  smoking-room  on  the  spar-deck.  There  are  seven  life-boats  and  an  ample 
stock  of  life-saving  apparatus  on  board.  On  her  late  trip,  the  "Anglia"  expe- 
rienced very  strong  westerly  gales  the  entire  passage,  but  proved  an  excellent 
sea-boat. — Scottish- American  Journal,  February  17,  1870. 

The  Fruit-Trade— Twelve  Ocean-Steamers,  measuring  15,000  tons,  employed. 

A  London  line  of  fruit-steamers,  in  connection  with  The  Anchor  Line  (Med- 
iterranean branch)  steamers,  are  landing  at  this  port  an  average  of  36,000  boxes 
of  oranges  and  lemons  weekly,  each  line  alternating  in  their  loading  at  Sicilian 
ports.  The  season  opens  in  November  and  closes  in  May,  and  the  average  pas- 
sage of  the  fruit-laden  steamer  is  20  days  from  Gibraltar.  The  London  line 
employs  the  steamers  "  Northumbria"  (now  in  port),  "  Camillia,"  "Bosana," 
"  Satira,"  "Palmyra,"  and  "Electra;"  while  The  Anchor  Line  have  the 
"Dorian"  (now  in  port),  "Dacian,"  "  Tyrian,"  "Britannia,"  "Caledonia," 
and  "  Acadia,"  aggregating  7,500  tons,  the  tonnage  of  the  other  line  being  about 
the  same  ;  so  that  about  15,000  tons  of  steam-shipping  is  employed  in  this  trade 
alone. — The  route  of  the  Scotch  steam-fruiters  is  from  Glasgow,  laden  with  gen- 
eral merchandise,  which  is  landed  at  Lisbon,  Gibraltar,  Genoa,  Leghorn,  Naples, 
Messina,  and  Palermo.  By  the  time  the  outward  cargo  is  discharged,  and  often 
before,  the  lading  of  fruit  begins,  the  steamers  touching,  after  leaving  Naples,  at 
Messina  and  Palermo,  and  completing  their  cargo  and  taking  on  passengers.  At 
Gibraltar,  on  the  outward  voyage,  the  vessels  are  coaled,  and  before  they  leave 
for  the  ocean-voyage  their  bunkers  are  replenished  at  this  their  final  port  of 
departure.  Since  these  steamers  have  commenced  making  stated  trips,  large 
numbers  of  passengers  who  have  bceu  travelling  through  Southern  Europe  have 
availed  themselves  of  this  route  to  visit  the  Mediterranean  ports  and  proceed 
to  the  United  States,  without  returning  over  the  routes  taken  to  reach  the  south- 
ern limits  of  their  travel.  The  steamer  "Caledonia,"  now  en  rovle  to  this  port, 
has  noarly  100  passengers  on  board,  who  would,  had  it  not  been  for  this  line 
of  steamers,  have  been  obliged  to  return  to  Havre  or  Liverpool,  to  take  passage 
to  the  United  States.  These  Anchor  Line  steamers  fill  up  at  this  port  with 
flour  and  sail  for  Glasgow  direct,  while  the  London  Line  proceeds  to  English 
Channel  ports,  laden  with  what  the  market  offers. 

The  steamship  "Dorian,"  Captain  Small,  commenced  discharging  her  cargo 
at  pier  No.  21  North  River,  yesterday.  She  is  a  fine  screw-steamer  of  1,000 
tons.  This  is  the  second  cargo  she  has  delivered  during  the  present  season.— 
New  York  Tribune,  March  30,  1870. 


THE  ANCHOR  LINE  OF  STEAMER*. 


49 


The  New  Steamship  "Australia." 

The  fine  new  steamship  "Australia,"  of  The  Anchor  Line,  readied  this  port 
from  Glasgow  on  Thursday  morning  last.  The  "  Australia  "  was  built  by  Messrs. 
Robert  Duncan  &  Co.,  of  Port-Glasgow,  and  is  a  sister-steamer  to  the  "  Anglia." 
She  is  supplied  with  engines  of  the  latest  improvements,  and  of  sufficient  power 
to  enable  her  to  make  rapid  passages  across  the  Atlantic.  Every  consideration 
has  been  given  to  the  comfort  of  passengers.  The  saloon  is  beautifully  fitted  up  ; 
the  sides  are  of  rosewood  and  maple  ;  the  upholstery  is  neat,  but  not  gaudy ;  the 
carpets  are  first  class,  and  comprising  designs  pleasing  and  appropriate ;  and 
there  is  an  elegant  rosewood  piano,  from  the  establishment  of  Collard  &  Collard 
of  London.  The  state-rooms  arc  commodious  and  well  ventilated.  The  "  Aus- 
tralia "  is  complete  in  every  particular  for  the  Atlantic  trade,  and  will  be  a  great 
favorite  for  tourists  and  others  going  to  and  from  Europe.  The  "Australia" 
wili  be  open  to  visitors  up  to  Saturday  noon. — Scottish- American  Journal,  March 
SI,  1870. 

The  New  Steamship  "Australia"— The  Latest  Addition  to  the  Anchor  Line 
—The  Vessel's  Dimensions,  Appointments,  and  Motive  Power— List  of  Her 
Officers. 

The  new  steamship  "  Australia,"  belonging  to  TnE  Anchor  Line,  which  ar- 
rived at  this  port  six  or  seven  days  since,  is  now  lying  at  the  dock  of  the  com- 
pany, foot  of  Dey  Street,  receiving  a  large  cargo  for  her  outward-bound  voyage 
of  Saturday,  hence  to  Glasgow.  The  "  Australia,"  w  ithout  exception,  is  one  of 
the  finest  steamships,  not  only  of  the  line,  but  that  enters  this  port,  being  very 
complete  in  all  her  fittings,  and  elegant  in  her  appointments.  She  is  of  iron,  of 
full  brig-rig,  and  was  built  in  Glasgow  last  year  by  Messrs.  Kobert  Duncan  & 
Co.,  being  launched  in  the  month  of  January  last.  She  has  a  length  of  keel  and 
fore-rake  of  3G0  feet,  a  length  on  deck  of  317  feet,  is  of  3S  feet  breadth  of  beam, 
27  feet  depth  of  hold,  has  three  decks,  and  of  2,1S8  tons,  British  measurement. 
The  height  between-decks  is  seven  feet  six  inches,  clear  of  beams,  and  when 
loaded  she  draws  22  feet  of  water.  Her  keel  and  stem  are  of  hammered  iron,  as 
are  also  her  outer  and  inner  sternposts.  She  is  provided  with  seven  water-tight 
bulkheads,  the  divisions  cf  which  are  of  iron  several  inches  in  thickness.  The 
steering-apparatus  of  the  vessel  is  remarkably  strong,  the  rudder  being  pro- 
vided with  iron  stocks,  and  additionally  bound  with  iron  plates,  half  an  inch  in 
thickness.  Water-tanks  arc  provided  in  great  abundance,  and,  when  necessary, 
can  carry  fully  30,000  gallons  of  fresh  water  for  drinking  and  cooking  purposes. 
She  has  six  large  life-boats,  built  in  the  most  improved  manner,  with  apparatus 
of  a  nature  that  they  can  be  lowered  at  a  second's  notice. 

The  "Australia"  has  accommodations  for  128  cabin-passengers  and  will  berth 
about  GOO  in  the  steerage.  The  conveniences  of  the  vessel,  as  a  passenger-car- 
rying craft,  are  not  surpassed  by  any  that  enters  this  port.  The  main  saloon  is 
really  magnificent,  the  sides  of  which  are  of  satin-wood  and  teak,  and  sur- 
mounted with  cornice-work  of  gilt,  and  relieved  by  pillars  with  elaborate  gilded 
capitals.  Along  the  centre  runs  a  series  of  tables,  over  'which  are  racks  for 
glasses,  and  at  the  after  end  is  a  handsome  piano,  of  beautiful  tone,  that  the 
ladies  en  voyage  may,  when  so  inclined,  pass  hours  amid  mirth  and  music.  Mir- 
rors and  clocks,  with  elegant  lounges  and  carpets  of  a  costly  and  unique  pattern, 
give  the  whole  cabin  an  appearance  substantial  and  beautiful.  The  state-rooms 
are  large  and  airy,  fitted  with  teak  and  marble-top  wash-stands,  containing  all 
the  conveniences  of  a  bedroom,  while  the  ladies'  private  cabins  are  pleasant, 
convenient,  and  handsomely  furnished. 

The  second-class  saloon  is  also  large  and  comfortable,  not  differing  much 
from  the  first  saloon,  above  described,  save  in  the  matter  of  fittings.  The  steer- 
age is  ample  and  more  convenient  than  in  the  majority  of  the  ships  that  enter  this 
port.  There  are  several  water-closets  and  wash-rooms,  and  these  are  of  more 
than  usual  dimensions  and  convenience.  The  cooking-apparatus  and  steam 
tables  are  very  perfect,  and  have  the  latest  improvements.  The  officers'  quarters 
may  be  termed  pleasant  and  ample. 

The  motive  power  of  the  "  Australia"  consists  of  two  vertical,  direct-acting 
engines,  with  two  cylinders,  fifty  inches  in  diameter,  and  a  stroke  of  piston  of 
three  feet  six  inches.  Her  propeller  is  of  iron,  with  four  blades  and  16  feet  in 
diameter.  There  are  bilge  injections  to  all  her  openings  in  bottom.  Steam  is 
furnished  from  two  boilers,  with  ten  furnaces,  and  independent  steam  fire  and 
bilge  pumps  are  provided  in  abundance.  The  provisions  against  fire  are  first 
class,  and  in  like  respect  the  same  care  and  attention  have  been  bestowed  by  her 
builders  in  the  construction  of  her  hull. 

The  "  Australia  "  is,  in  fact,  an  achievement  in  naval  architecture  that  cannot 
be  passed  by  lightly,  and  in  fittings  ranks  among  the  first.  She  has  in  her 
initial  voyage  proved  herself  possessed  of  sea-going  qualities  of  a  rare  nature. 
The  11  Australia"  will  be  thrown  open  to-day  to  receive  such  lady  and  gentlemen 
visitors  as  arc  desirous  of  seeing  an  elegant  ocean-steamship. — New  York  Herald, 
April  1,  1870. 

The  Anchor  Line. 

The  excellences  of  this  line  are  so  well  known  to  our  people,  and  particularly 
to  those  who  have  taken  trips  in  its  steamers,  that  encomiums  upon  those  vessels 
and  their  officers,  though  just  and  merited,  would  seem  to  be  superfluous. — 
Delaware  Express,  April  2,  1870. 


The  Anchor  Line. 

We  desire  to  call  the  attention  of  our  readers  to  the  increasing  prosperity  of 
this  line  so  long  and  favorably  known.  Mr.  Elliott  informs  us  that  during  the 
year  1SG9  the  steamers  of  The  A>xhor  Line  landed  at  New  York  24,766  passen- 
gers, against  15,533  in  186S,  showing  a  greater  increased  average  per  trip  than  any 
other  line  crossing  the  ocean,  thus  proving  the  growing  popularity  and  merited 
estimation  of  The  Anchor  Line.  Our  fellow-citizens  who  have  crossed  the 
Atlantic  speak  in  high  terms  of  these  steamers.  The  state-rooms  arc  all  on  the 
upper  deck,  and  on  this  account  thoroughly  ventilated.— Detroit  Union,  May 
21,  1870. 

Interesting  Incident  on  hoard  an  Anchor-Line  Steamer. 

Wc  give  to-day  an  interesting  account  of  the  departure  from  New  York,  on  a 
trip  to  Scotland,  of  George  Mitchell,  Esq.,  who,  from  his  position  as  chief  of  the 
New  York  Caledonian  Club,  is  well  known  to  many  of  our  Scotch  readers.  We 
welcome  the  account  to  our  columns,  as  it  exhibits  a  spirit  of  mutual  friend- 
ship which  is  plainly  manifested  by  the  proprietors  of  The  Anchor  Line  of 
steamers — the  only  Scottish  line  sailing  from  New  York.  We  have  on  former 
occasions  commended  this  line  to  the  travelling  public;  and  we  are  very  glad  to 
have  our  opinions  corroborated  by  parties  who  of  course  have  better  opportuni- 
ties of  judging  from  experience  and  personal  observation  of  the  superior  merits 
of  the  steamers,  officers,  etc.,  connected  with  it. — Delaware  Express,  July  6,  1870. 

Correspondence.— Letters  from  Europe. 

The  "Europa"  is  one  of  the  best  sea-going  vessels  on  the  Atlantic,  is  a  per- 
fectly safe  and  smooth-sailing  steamship,  and  in  charge  of  a  gentlemanly,  intelli- 
gent, vigilant,  and  correct  crew.  She  is  a  Clyde-built  steamer,  w  ith  an  estab- 
lished reputation  for  safety  and  smoothness  of  gait  unsurpassed.  All  travellers 
say  they  never  saw  a  vessel  like  her  for  a  heavy  sea.  The  view  of  Ireland  is 
beautiful  in  the  extreme.  We  pass  the  Giant's  Causeway.  We  leave  Ireland, 
and,  passing  the  Mull  of  Cantyre,  sail  in  and  up  the  Firth  to  the  Clyde.  The  sail 
up  the  river  Clyde  is  worth  a  voyage  over  the  Atlantic. — Norristovm  Herald,  Au- 
gust 4,  1870. 

How  shall  we  get  to  Europe  ^ 

One  of  the  best  and  most  prominent  of  the  British  lines  is  the  well-known 
Anchor  Line,  plying  between  New  York  and  Glasgow,  with  connections  at  all 
convenient  seaports.  This  gigantic  undertaking  was  started  in  1S56  with  but 
two  steamers.  Like  all  enterprises  of  grandeur  and  vital  power^TiiE  Anchor 
Line,  with  its  present  fleet  of  thirty-two  Clyde-built  iron  steamers,  has  grown 
out  of  such  small  beginnings,  to  its  present  enormous  proportions.  The  money 
earned  with  the  first  two  steamers,  wisely  employed,  has  laid  the  foundation  for 
the  present  prosperity  of  this,  the  most  popular  of  all  British  steamship  lines. 
The  Messrs.  Henderson  are  among  the  greatest  ship-owners  in  the  world ;  up- 
ward of  900  men  are  constantly  employed  at  their  works  near  Glasgow,  en- 
gaged in  fitting  up  their  steamers ;  engines,  cabins,  painting,  plumbing,  car- 
pentering, upholstering,  etc.,  all  being  done  under  the  personal  supervision  of 
the  Messrs.  Henderson.  The  officers  of  The  Anchor  Line  steamers,  as  we  have 
often  observed,  are  well  instructed  in  regard  to  civility  to  passengers ;  the  com- 
pany certainly  deserve  great  credit  for  enforcing  strict  civility  on  the  part  of 
their  officers.  We  believe  it  to  be  to  the  interest  of  our  readers  to  direct  their 
especial  attention  to  this  line  of  steamships.  The  company  have  ever  been  de- 
sirous of  rendering  the  trip  to  Europe  as  pleasant  as  possible  in  every  respect. 
Many  of  our  personal  friends  have  crossed  the  Atlantic  on  steamers  of  this  line, 
and  all  express  themselves  highly  gratified  with  the  speed,  safety,  and  accommoda- 
tions, particularly  with  the  pleasant  treatment  by  its  officers. — Chicago  Standard, 
August  11,  1870. 

New  York  to  Paris,  by  way  of  the  Scotch  Highlands. 

We  coasted  along  quite  close  to  the  Giant's  Causeway,  so  near,  that  we  could 
see  its  formation  rising  in  terraces  of  beauty.  It  is  certainly  appropriately 
named,  for  there  is  so  much  grandeur  in  those  basaltic  columns,  compared  to 
which  the  art  of  man  seems  the  work  of  pigmies— no  wonder  that  in  an  age  of 
barbarism  it  should  seem  the  work  of  a  greater  race,  as  all  history  points  back, 
in  beautiful  brevity,  "  For  there  were  giants  in  those  days."  Passing  Bathlin 
Island,  we  get  our  first  view  of  Ailsa  Craig,  and  now  on  our  left  Arran,  with  its 
mountains,  and  on  our  right  the  land  of  poetry,  Ayrshire,  the  birthplace  of 
Burns.  Now  up  the  Firth  of  Clyde,  passing  the  old  town  of  Largs,  where  the 
Scots  repulsed  the  Danes,  almost  one  thousand  years  ago,  and  directly  opposite, 
the  country  residence  of  the  Marquis  of  Bute,  the  well-known  hero  of  "  Lothair." 
We  take  occasion  to  say  that  every  one  who  visits  Europe  should  go  to  Scotland. 
It  is  universally  admitted  the  day's  sail  from  the  Giant's  Causeway  through  the 
Firth  of  Clyde  makes  Glasgow  the  finest  point  of  approach  in  all  Europe,  and 
we  feel  grateful  to  a  friend  in  New  York,  who  recently  published  a  hand-book 
of  Europe,  because  he  advised  us  The  Anchor  Line.  We  found  the  steamer 
"  Europa  "  complete  in  all  its  appointments,  and  1  can  never  forget  the  beauty 
of  the  Clyde.— Republican,  September  13, 1870. 


50 


THE  ANCHOR  LINE  OF  STEAMERS. 


The  Anchor  Line  of  steamors  lias  steadily  worked  itself  into  the  highest 
favor  among  the  travelling  publio,  on  the  ground  of  merit  alono. — Nine  York 
Free  Fress,  September  86,  1870. 

New  Steamship. 

The  Messrs.  Henderson  Brothers,  agents  of  The  Anchor  Line  of  steamships, 
have  added  a  new  vessel  to  their  popular  line,  the  "  Ismnilia,"  which  arrived  at 
this  port  on  Saturday,  with  a  very  valuable  cargo  of  Mediterranean  goods,  and 
which  will  sail  on  Saturday  for  Glasgow.  This  vessel  was  built  at  Glasgow 
about  four  months  ago  for  this  company,  and  was  originally  intended  for  the 
East  India  trade  via  the  Suez  Canal,  but  has  been  put  into  this  branch  of 
their  line  for  a  short  time.  The  appointments  of  this  vessel  are  in  genuine 
Oriental  style,  being  fitted  in  every  thing  magnificently,  that  gives  comfort  to 
passengers  ;  her  cabins  are  light,  roomy,  and  well  ventilated  ;  are  all  on  deck, 
and  are  superbly  finished  in  gilt  and  bird's-eye  maple.  The  state-rooms  are  also 
on  deck,  and  are  commodious  and  admirably  suited  to  those  who  are  subject  to 
sea-sickness,  being  well  ventilated  and  airy.  The  "  Ismailia,"  which  is  built  of 
iron  in  the  strongest  manner,  is  320  feet  long,  has  33  feet  beam,  and  21%  feet 
depth  of  hold.  Her  tonnage  is  1,G29  tons,  American  measurement.  She  has  two 
decks,  three  masts,  and  is  bark-rigged.  The  Clyde-built  vessels,  of  which  this 
is  a  fine  specimen,  have  a  world-wide  reputation,  and  are  to  be  found  in  all 
quarters  of  the  globe.  The  engines  of  this  vessel  are  on  the  new  compound  prin- 
ciple, of  about  500  horse-power,  and  are  immensely  strong.  Every  thing  about 
the  decks  is  worked  by  steam,  such  as  making  sail,  getting  up  anchors,  mooring 
the  ship  at  the  docks,  etc.,  thereby  rendering  her  very  easy  to  handle.  She  is 
also  heated  by  steam  throughout,  thereby  insuring  the  comfort  of  passengers. 
Her  carrying  capacity  is  about  2,500  tons,  and  lias  accommodations  for  50  cabin 
and  450  steerage  passengers.  The  consumption  of  coal  in  the  use  of  the  new 
compound  engines  is  very  small,  amounting  in  this  vessel  to  only  about  16  tons 
per  day  ;  while  with  the  common  engines  it  would  be  fioni35  to  40  tons.  The 
officers  are  all  of  long  experience  in  the  business,  and,  during  the  term  of  her 
temporary  employment  in  the  Transatlantic  traffic,  the  "Ismailia"  will  doubt- 
less be  one  of  the  most  popular  steamers  crossing  the  ocean. — New  York  Daily 
Bulletin,  November  2,  1870. 

Ocean  Travel— Atlantic  Steamship  Line3— Vessels  of  the  Anchor  Line— 
Elegant  Saloons  and  Spacious  State-rooms. 

This  is  one  of  the  most  important  of  the  steamship  lines,  and  the  most  import- 
ant in  points  of  number  of  vessels  and  ports.  It  comprises  the  enormous  number 
of  34  powerful  Clyde-built  iron  serew-steamcra.  Their  names  are — "Acadia," 
"  Alexandria,"  "  Anglia,"  "Assyria,"  "Australia,"  "Bolivia,"  "Britannia," 
"  Caledonia,"  "  California,"  "  Castalia,"  "  Columbia,"  "  Doni  Pedro,"  "  Dorian," 
"Ethiopia,"  "  Europa,"  "  India,"  "  Iowa,"  "Ismailia,"  "Italia,"  "  Napoli," 
"Olympia,"  "  Roma,"  "Scandinavia,"  "Scotia,"  "  Shamrock,"  "  Sidonian," 
"Trinacria,"  "Trojan,"  "  Tyrian,"  "Utopia,"  "  Valetta,"  "  Venezia,"  and 
"  Victoria."  These  steamers  were  built  especially  for  the  Atlantic  trade,  and 
are  fitted  up  with  every  comfort  and  luxury  that  long  experience  and  an  earnest 
desire  to  please  their  patrons  could  suggest.  The  line  has  now  been  established 
15  years.  The  Atlantic  steamers  are  from  1,500  to  3,500  tons  burden,  and  provide 
accommodations  for  50  to  100  cabin  and  from  300  to  000  steerage  passengers.  The 
latter  are  looked  after  with  more  care  than  usual,  and  the  sanitary  arrangements 
for'the  health  of  emigrants  are  rigidly  looked  after  by  those  in  charge.  That  this 
is  the  case  is  evinced  by  the  fact  that  the  smallest  percentage  of  death  among  the 
steerage-passengers  of  any  line  is  found  in  this  one,  and  in  all  the  voyages  of 
their  numerous  vessels,  not  one  instance  of  an  epidemic  has  occurred.  The  route 
of  these  steamers  is  from  New  York  to  Glasgow,  in  Scotland,  calling  at  London- 
derry, Ireland,  to  land  and  embark  passengers.  In  connection  with  the  Glasgow 
traffic,  they  have  several  lines  to  various  parts  of  Europe.  On  one,  the  Northern 
or  Scandinavian  Line,  they  employ  two  or  three  steamers  between  the  ports  of 
Copenhagen,  Christiansand,  Christiania,  Gothenburg,  and  the  port  of  Leith,  in 
Scotland,  only  40  miles  from  Glasgow,  where  the  passengers  make  close  connec- 
tions both  ways  with  the  Atlantic  steamers  to  and  from  New  York.  Another, 
and  one  of  the  most  important,  is  the  Mediterranean  Line,  between  Glasgow, 
Portugal,  Spain,  Italy,  Sicily,  Egypt,  and  the  Adriatic.  It  is  by  this  beautiful  route 
that  we  receive  a  great  deal  of  the  rich  fruits  and  productions  of  Southern  Europe. 
Besides  this,  now  that  a  journey  through  France  or  Germany  is  neither  pleasant 
nor  safe,  a  trip  by  this  line  to  all  these  places  offers  all  the  inducements  to  the 
summer  tourist,  who  will  find  this  a  cheap  as  well  as  comfortable  mode  of  travel- 
ling. Among  the  places  of  interest  that  they  touch  at  are  Lisbon,  Genoa,  Leg- 
horn, Naples,  Messina,  and  Palermo.  From  these  points  the  whole  of  Southern 
Europe  is  easily  accessible  to  the  traveller.  The  round  voyage  of  these  steamers 
presents  a  route  of  unequalled  interest — Londonderry,  Giant's  Causeway,  Glas- 
gow, Edinburgh,  river  Clyde,  Lisbon,  Gibraltar,  Genoa,  Leghorn,  Pisa,  Flor- 
ence, Rome,  Naples,  Catania,  Venice,  Alexandria,  Trieste,  being  all  embraced 
within  the  circle  of  their  sailings;  and  travellers  visiting  the  Holy  Land  will 
find  this  route,  via  Egypt,  to  be  the  cheapest  and  most  expeditious. 

The  steamers  sail  from  New  York  regularly  every  Saturday  and  Wednesday. 
The  rates  of  passage  are,  on  the  average,  lower  than  by  the  other  lines,  and 
the  accommodations  are  in  every  way  first  chss.    The  cabins  and  state-rooms 


are  all  on  tho  upper  deck,  a  fact  which  renders  the  ventilation  far  superior  to 
that  usually  found  in  ocean-steamers. — New  York  Free  Frees,  January  8,  1871. 

The  New  Steamship  "Alexandria"— Still  another  Addition  to  the  Glasgow- 
Mediterranean  Service  — Her  Dimensions,  Accommodations,  and  Character 
of  Construction. 

The  Anchor  Line  havo  added  another  superb  steamship  to  their  Glasgow 
and  Mediterranean  service,  tho  "  Alexandria,"  which  arrived  at  this  port  on 
Sunday,  and  is  now  discharging  her  cargo  at  pier  No.  20  North  River.  Although 
the  first  voyage  across  the  Atlantic  of  this  vessel  has  been  somewhat  longer  than 
usual,  owing  to  her  new  machinery  and  frequent  adverse  winds,  she  has  demon- 
strated her  perfect  sea-worthiness,  proving  to  be  an  excellent  ocean-boat,  and 
when  called  upon  can  exhibit  a  fleet  pair  of  heels.  This  vessel  was  launched  in 
November  last  from  the  yard  of  Messrs.  Robert  Duncan  &  Sons,  Port-Glasgow. 
She  is  310  feet  in  length  over  all,  30  feet  breadth  of  beam,  22  feet  6  inches  depth 
of  hold,  has  two  full  decks  and  poop-deek,  draws  20  feet  of  water  at  load- 
draught,  and  is  of  1,055  tons  burden,  British  measurement.  Her  hull  is  con- 
structed of  wrought-iron  plates,  one  inch  at  the  bottom,  running  up  to  seven- 
eighths  and  three-fourths  of  an  inch  at  the  sides.  These  are  double-riveted, 
and  the  plate-stringers  on  each  deck,  being  of  large  dimensions,  add  greatly  to 
the  vessel's  strength.  Her  tanks  have  a  capacity  for  7,500  gallons  of  water,  and 
the  fresh-water  condenser  is  capable  of  supplying  over  CO  gallons  per  hour. 

THE  MOTIVE  POWER 

of  the  "Alexandria"  consists  of  two  vertical  direct-acting  engines,  of  the  com- 
pound principle,  at  a  working  pressure  of  00  pounds.  These  were  constructed 
by  the  Finnieston  Steamship-Works  Company,  the  cylinders  being  38  and  CS 
inches  in  diameter,  with  a  stroke  of  piston  3  feet  6  inches. 

The  boilers,  two  in  number,  are  of  the  round  tubular  description,  with  four 
furnaces  in  each,  and  the  propeller,  which  is  of  cast-iron,  is  15  feet  in  diameter, 
with  a  pitch  of  25  feet.  In  all  other  particulars,  such  as  steam-hoisting  appara- 
tus, independent  steam,  fire,  and  bilge  pumps,  affording  great  security  against 
fire,  this  vessel  is  well  supplied.  Her  rig  is  that  of  a  bark.  She  has  six  life- 
boats. 

the  accommodations 
for  both  first-class  and  steerage  passengers  on  board  the  "Alexandria"  are  of 
the  same  comfortable  and  cosy  description  observable  upon  all  vessels  of  The 
Anchor  Line.  There  is  plenty  of  room  in  large  and  pleasant  state-rooms  for 
71  passengers,  and  in  the  steerage  for  about  000.  The  state-rooms  are  prettily 
furnished  in  red,  with  velvet-covered  sofas,  and  all  conveniences  of  toilet  which 
long  experience  could  suggest. 

THE  MAIN  SALOON 

is  exquisitely  appointed,  and,  upon  entering  it,  the  eye  is  struck  pleasantly  and 
favorably.  Large  mirrors  are  at  the  forward  end,  and  the  panels,  finished  with 
teak  and  white-wood,  set  off  the  rich  surroundings  wonderfully.  There  aro 
general  cabins,  or  rather  "  lounging-rooms,"  on  the  main-deck  aft  of  the  state- 
rooms, one  for  ladies  and  the  other  for  gentlemen,  where  the  luxurious  sofas 
invite  rest  after  a  promenade  on  deck.  The  intermediate -saloon  is  also  full  of  con- 
veniences and  comfort,  while  the  quarters  for  steerage  passengers  are  large,  and 
exceedingly  well  ventilated. 

the  mediterranean  trade 

of  The  ANcnoR  Line  has  become  of  great  importance.  Their  vessels  leave 
Glasgow  for  the  ports  of  the  Mediterranean,  and  hence  to  New  York,  every  week, 
or  as  the  trade  warrants.  The  "Alexandria"  has  a  valuable  cargo,  besides  her 
fruits,  consisting  of  silks  and  velvets  from  Marseilles. — New  York  Herald,  Janu- 
ary 17,  1871. 

The  Anchor  Line. 

This  line,  in  a  few  years,  has  become  one  of  the  most  important  running  from 
this  port.  During  the  twelve  months  just  passed  there  have  been  in  constant 
employment,  twenty-eight  oecan-steamships,  all  finely  constructed,  and  fitted  up 
with  every  comfort  and  luxury  that  long  experience  could  suggest.  The  Anchor 
Line  are  still  increasing  the  number  of  their  magnificent  steamers,  as  there  aro 
at  present  in  the  course  of  construction  on  the  Clyde  six  other  vessels,  in  every 
respect  as  luxurious,  safe,  and  comfortable  as  any  on  the  ocean.  The  health  of 
all  emigrants  carried  by  this  lino  is  rigorously  looked  after,  and  it  is  quite  n 
pleasant  fact  to  note  that  tho  percentage  of  deaths  among  the  steerage  passen- 
gers on  The  Anchor-Line  vessels  is  less  than  on  any  other  crossing  the  Atlantic. 
— New  York  Herald,  January  29,  1871. 

The  New  Steamship  "Assyria"— Another  Addition  to  The  Anchor  Line's  Glas- 
gow Service— Her  Dimensions,  Character  of  Construction,  and  Accommoda- 
tion. 

Tho  new  steamship  "  Assyria,"  the  latest  addition  to  TnE  Anchor  Line, 
arrived  at  this  port  on  Wednesday  from  Glasgow,  after  a  very  excellent  trip, 
and  is  now  discharging  her  large  and  valuable  cargo  in  good  condition  at  tho 
company's  wharf,  No.  20  North  River.  In  this,  her  initial  voyage,  the  "  As- 
syria" has  proved  herself  a  capital  sea-boat,  and  more  than  exceeded  the  most 
I  sanguine  expectations  of  the  builders  of  her  machinery  in  the  matter  of  speed. 


THE  ANCHOR  LINE  OF  STEAMERS. 


51 


This  vessel  was  launched  frpm  tlie  yard  of  Messrs.  Eobcrt  Duncan  &  Sons, 
Port-Glasgow.  She  is  300  feet  in  length  on  deck,  33  feet  breadth  of  beam,  22 
feet  6  inches  depth  of  hold ;  has  two  decks,  a  load-draught  of  20  feet,  is  bark- 
rigged,  and  of  1,700  tons  burden.  Her  hull  is  of  wrought-iron  plates,  one  inch 
iu  thickness  at  the  bottom,  and  three-quarters  of  an  inch  at  the  sides.  These 
are  double-riveted,  and  plate-stringers  of  large  dimensions  on  cither  deck  add 
greatly  to  her  strength.  Her  tanks  have  a  capacity  for  6,000  gallons  of  water, 
and  the  fresh-water  condenser  will  average  05  gallons  per  hour. 

The  motive  power  of  the  "  Assyria"  consists  of  two  vertical  direct-acting 
engines  on  the  compound  principle,  at  a  working  pressure  of  CO  pounds,  con- 
structed by  the  Finnieston  Steamship-Works  Co.  The  cylinders  are  38  and  68 
inches  in  diameter,  w  ith  a  stroke  of  piston  of  three  feet  six  inches.  The  boilers, 
two  in  number,  are  of  the  "  double-ender"  description,  being  fired  at  both  ends, 
and  the  propeller,  which  is  of  cast-iron,  is  16  feet  in  diameter,  and  has  a  pitch  of 
21  feet.  In  all  other  particulars  the  department  of  machinery  is  well  provided — ■ 
steam-hoisting  apparatus,  donkey  boiler,  and  independent  steam-fire  and  bilge- 
pumps  being  supplied  in  abundance. 

The  accommodations  for  passengers  on  board  the  "  Assyria"  are  of  the  most 
comfortable  nature.  The  state-rooms  are  fitted  in  the  neatest  manner,  and  are 
very  roomy.  In  the  first  and  intermediate-cabins,  nearly  one  hundred  can  find 
a  pleasant  home  during  a  voyage,  and  in  the  steerage  there  is  space  enough  for 
over  five  hundred.  The  main  saloon  is  quite  elegantly  furnished,  and,  upon  en- 
tering it,  comfort  is  suggested  by  the  luxurious  sofas  that  are  liberally  provided; 
then  there  are  the  ladies'  and  gentlemen's  cabins  on  the  main-deck,  that  bespeak 
the  same  case  and  pleasure  to  the  voyageur  as  noted  in  the  other  departments 
of  the  vessel.  The  ventilation  of  the  vessel  in  every  particular  is  excellent. — 
Few  Yorh  Herald,  February  24,  1871. 

Going  to  Europe. 

Be  sure  and  cross  the  raging  Atlantic  on  one  of  the  forty  steamers  of  The 
Anchor  Line.  Experienced  marines,  gentlemen  of  the  cabin  and  quarter-deck, 
who  regulate  their  ship  even  and  firm  as  a  cottage,  command  these  steamers. 
Ladies  and  children  will  find  the  state-room  and  the  deck  of  an  Anciior  steamer 
just  as  secure  and  enjoyable  as  a  hotel  in  New  York  or  at  Long  Branch. — Day- 
ton {Ohio)  Journal,  May,  1871. 

Ocean  Navigation. 

Among  the  different  lines  that  traverse  the  Atlantic,  The  Anciior  Line 
stands  preeminent — proof  of  which  we  have  in  the  enormous  patronage  extended 
to  this  old  and  reliable  line  of  steamers.  A  trip  once  taken  on  one  of  these  steam- 
ers will  prove  good  what  we  have  said,  as  nothing  has  been  left  undone  in  their 
construction  to  secure  both  safety  and  every  comfort. — Chicago  Republican,  July 
1,  1871. 

Ocean-Travel. 

The  sanitary  arrangements  for  the  health  of  emigrants  on  Anchor  Line  steam- 
ers are  rigidly  carried  out  by  those  in  charge.  That  this  is  the  case,  is  evinced 
by  the  fact  that,  in  all  the  voyages  of  their  numerous  vessels,  not  one  instance 
of  an  epidemic  disease  has  occurred. — Detroit  Tribune,  August  1,  1871. 

Experiences  in  Europe. 

After  reading  the  advertisements  of  all  the  steamship  lines,  I  selected  The 
Anchor  Line.  Before  taking  passage,  I  went  to  see  the  vessel,  the  "  Australia." 
This  company  is  comparatively  new,  but  has  fixed  itself  so  well  in  public  favor, 
that  every  vessel  bears  out  its  full  complement  of  passengers.  Fifty  more  would 
have  gone  in  the  "Australia"  if  state-rooms  could  have  been  had.  A  careful 
look  through  the  steamer,  with  the  assistance  of  an  officer,  showed  me  sufficient 
to  decide  me  to  go  on  the  vessel.  Before  I  left  Indianapolis,  I  learned  that  I 
might  have  saved  myself  much  trouble,  by  putting  mjr  case  in  the  hands  of  the 
local  agent  of  this  steamship  line.  After  I  came  to  New  York  I  was  further  con- 
vinced of  this.  I  could  have  made  every  arrangement  with  the  agent.  He  could 
have  selected  and  secured  my  state-room,  and  arranged  for  my  letters  of  credit. 
It  is  better  to  arrange  at  home,  because  it  is  easier,  more  expeditious,  and  you 
know  upon  what  you  can  depend  before  leaving.  Belying  upon  the  local  a<*ent, 
and  following  his  advice,  going  to  Europe  is  as  easy  as  going  to  Chicago  and 
back.    If  you  don't  believe  me,  try  it. — Indianapolis  Sentinel,  August  2,  1871. 

The  Question  of  Ocean-Steamers. 

Those  of  our  readers  who  crossed  with  Mr.  A.  Groot  last  year  will  be 
pleased  to  hear  of  his  safe  return.  Gus  came  back  on  one  of  the  Cunarders,  but 
for  comfort,  fare,  and  a  good  time  generally,  he  says,  "  In  future,  let  me  tread  the 
deck  of  the  'India'  with  the  noble,  genial,  warm-hearted  Captain  B.  D.  Munro." 
— Schenectady  Union,  August  12,  1871. 

A  Fine  Line  of  Steamships. 

It  was  our  lot,  a  short  time  ago,  to  cross  the  Atlantic.  We  did  so  in  a  steam- 
ship of  The  Anchor  Line,  and  we  are  in  a  position  to  speak  in  the  highest 
terms  of  the  manner  in  whiih  proprietors  and  agents  treat  their  passengers. 


We  cordially  recommend  The  Anchor  Line  to  any  of  our  readers  about  to  visit 
their  Transatlantic  friends.  The  rates  of  passage  arc  low,  the  accommodations 
are  excellent,  and  the  company's  agents,  officers,  and  employes,  are  unwearying 
in  their  efforts  to  promote  the  comfort  and  convenience  of  passengers. — Canadian 
Post,  September  1,  1871. 

Transatlantic  Travel. 

TnE  Anchor  Line  of  steamers,  through  having  to  compete  with  other  power- 
ful lines,  have,  by  the  systematic  management  displayed  in  all  the  details  at- 
tending such  a  charge,  established  a  name  w  ith  the  travelling  public  for  speed, 
safety,  and  courtesy,  extended  by  all  its  employes, -thus  giving  them  a  prestige 
tliat  crowds  their  steamers  with  all  nationalities.  Travellers  by  this  route  have 
the  opportunity  of  viewing  the  beauties  of  the  scenery  on  the  Irish  and  Scottish 
coasts.—  Chicago  Republican,  September  8,  1871. 

The  Steamship  Trinacria  and  her  Voyage. 

It  was  announced  some  time  ago  in  these  columns  that  The  Anchor  Line 
company  intended  sending  their  newest  and  finest  steamer  on  her  maiden  voy- 
age to  St.  John  and  Halifax  early  in  September.  This  they  have  done,  and 
about  Thursday  or  Friday  we  may  expect  the  "Trinacria"  to  steam  into  our 
port.  As  it  is  not  often  that  the  people  of  St.  John  have  an  opportunity  of  see- 
ing so  large  and  so  beautifully-finished  an  iron  steamship  in  our  harbor,  it  is 
probable  that  mJny  will  avail  themselves  of  the  chance  of  paying  her  a  visit  be- 
fore she  sails  for  New  York.  The  "Trinacria"  was  launched  about  three  months 
ago,  from  the  building-yard  of  Duncan  &  Co.,  of  Fort-Glasgow.  Her  length  is 
330  feet,  her  breadth  34  feet,  and  her  depth  from  tonnage-deck  22  feet.  She  car- 
ries two  engines,  a  large  and  a  small  one.  Her  machinery  is  of  the  most  im- 
proved kind,  and  contains  all  the  latest  attractions  and  improvements.  The 
diameter  of  her  cylinders  is  08  inches.  Length  of  stroke  3  feet  6  inches.  Her 
engines  are  compound  direct-acting,  and  are  421  horsc-p'owcr.  Her  register  ton- 
nage is  1,437,  or  2,291  tons  old  measurement.  She  is  considered  one  of  the  best- 
built  steamers  that  has  left  the  Clyde  for  years.  Her  passenger  accommodations 
cannot  be  surpassed  by  any  line  on  the  ocean.  Her  saloon  is  arranged  on  a  dif- 
ferent principle  from  other  passenger-boats.  The  breadth  of  the  ship  is  the 
length  of  the  saloon,  so  that  the  side-windows  look  out  to  sea,  and  afford  amplo 
light  and  ventilation.  The  tables  are  arranged  in  four  rows,  and  are  capable  of 
accommodating  about  one  hundred  passengers.  The  finishing  and  furnishing  of 
the  saloon  and  state-rooms  are  beautiful.  The  lamps,  mirrors,  piano,  couches, 
carpets,  and  sideboard,  are  elegant  and  most  substantial,  and  have  all  been  made 
expressly  for  the  company.  Old  Atlantic  men  who  have  crossed  in  the  Cunard, 
Allen,  and  Inman  lines,  declare  that  they  have  never  had  better  accommodations 
or  a  better  table  than  we  have  had  on  board  the  "  Trinacria." — St.  John  (JV.  B.) 
Telegraph,  September  21,  1S71. 

The  New  Steamship  "Trinacria,"  of  The  Anchor  Line. 

The  "  Trinacria,"  the  latest  addition  to  The  Anchor  Line  of  steamers,  ar- 
rived in  this  port  early  yesterday  morning.  The  "Trinacria"  was  launched 
about  three  months  ago  from  the  building-yard  of  Duncan  &  Co.,  of  Port-Glas- 
gow. Her  machinery  is  of  the  most  approved  kind,  and  contains  all  the  latest 
improvements. 

Her  engines  are  compound  direct-acting,  and  are  624  horse-power.  Her  reg- 
istered tonnage  is  1,437,-  or  2,291  tons  old  measurement.  Her  passenger  accom- 
modation is  excellent,  and  the  saloon  is  arranged  on  a  different  principle  from 
other  vessels — the  breadth  of  the  vessel  being  the  length  of  the  saloon,  so  that 
the  side-windows  look  out  to  sea,  and  afford  ample  light  and  ventilation.  The 
finishing  and  furnishing  of  the  saloon  and  state-rooms  are  beautiful.  The  lamps, 
mirrors,  piano,  couches,  carpets,  and  sideboards,  are  most  elegant  and  substan- 
tial. This  magnificent  vessel  sailed  from  Liverpool  for  this  port,  via  St.  John, 
on  Thursday,  September  17th.  She  is  commanded  by  Captain  Thompson,  an 
old  officer  of  The  Anchor  Line.  The  passengers  all  express  themselves  well 
pleased  with  this  magnificent  vessel. — New  York  Times,  September  27,  1S71. 

Father  Havermans  abroad. 

Favorable  winds,  an  agreeable  party,  and  a  liberal,  we  may  say  sumptuous 
entertainment,  cheered  our  hours.  Such  has  been  the  good  feeling  of  the  cabin- 
passengers  and  the  great  satisfaction  of  every  thing  on  the  voyage,  that  it  was 
unanimously  resolved  to  make  our  last  dinner-table  the  occasion  of  compliment- 
ing the  "  Europa,"  Captain  Campbell,  and  the  officers  of  the  boat.  The  passen- 
gers by  the  "  Europa"  arc  delighted  with  their  treatment.  The  Messrs.  Hender- 
son, especially,  are  deserving  of  all  the  patronage  they  receive.—  Troy  Times, 
September  28,  1871. 

The  New  Steamship  "  Trinacria." 

The  latest  addition  to  the  large  and  successful  Anchor  Line  Steamship  Com- 
pany hence  to  Glasgow,  the  "  Trinacria,"  is  now  in  this  port,  having  arrived  on 
Sunday  evening,  after  a  pleasant  and  quick  passage  from  St.  John,  New  Bruns- 
wick. This  vessel  embodies  many  improvements  upon  her  sister-ships  ;  and  in 
the  matter  of  accommodation,  light,  comfort,  and  convenience,  excels  the  majority 
of  the  newer  ocean-steamers  that  ply  to  this  port. 


52 


THE  ANCHOR  LINE  OF  STEAMERS. 


Tho  "  Trinacria  "  was  launched  in  Juno  last  from  the  building-yard  of 
Messrs.  Duncan  &  Company,  Port-Glasgow.  Her  passenger  accommodations 
are  of  the  most  ample  nature.  In  her  first-class  cabin  are  state-rooms  for  75 
travellers,  while  licr  second  cabin  will  comfortably  berth  100  persons,  and  her 
intermediate  Co.  The  grand  saloon  is  almost  the  width  of  the  ship,  and  is  fitted 
in  luxuriant  style.  There  are  a  piano,  a  library,  and  any  number  of  mirrors,  to 
embellish  the  apartment ;  aud  but  few  steamships  visit  this  harbor  that  are  better 
provided  with  velvet  carpets  and  easy  sofas.  Smoking-rooms,  ladies'  cabins, 
bath-rooms,  and  places  of  toilet,  number  a  dozen  or  more,  and  these  are  furnished 
in  good  style.  It  is  not  an  easy  task,  in  this  age  of  improvements  in  ocean  naviga- 
tion, to  say  that  one  steamship  surpasses  another  in  comfort  and  convenience,  but 
it  is  safe  to  remark  that  the  "  Trinacria"  has  but  few  superiors.  Her  machinery 
is  of  tho  most  approved  pattern.  In  boiler  capacity  she  excels,  and  in  matter 
of  provisions  against  fire  no  vessel  was  ever  better  protected  than  she. 

The  steerage  of  this  vessel  will  accommodate  500  passengers.  It  is  light  and 
pleasant  in  this  department,  and,  under  tho  well-known  regulations  of  the  com- 
pany, the  passengers  lack  nothing  to  make  an  ocean-voyage  agreeable.  The 
"Trinacria"  is  now  lying  in  the  Atlantic  Basin,  loading  with  grain,  but  in  a  day 
or  two  will  be  at  the  company's  pier,  No.  20  North  River,  when  her  genial  cap- 
tain will  be  pleased  to  receive,  and  show  this  triumph  of  naval  architecture  to 
any  and  all  travellers. — New  York  Herald,  September  29,  1871. 

A  Very  Interesting  Letter. 

Just  now,  as  I  am  writing,  land  is  discovered  in  the  far  distance ;  all  are  in 
great  glee,  and  jubilant  over  it ;  their  joy,  on  seeing  the  end  of  their  passage  so 
near,  is  no  proof  of  dissatisfaction.  We  have  been  well  treated  and  sumptuously 
entertained.  All  feel  so.  If  all  the- vessels  on  The  Anchor  Line  (and  I  under- 
stand tho  company  own  36  steamships,  running  in  different  directions)  are  as 
comfortable,  solid,  and  as  well  equipped  and  managed  as  the  "Europa"  is,  the 
dangers  of  the  ocean-voyage  have  greatly  diminished,  and  tho  loss  of  life,  com- 
pared with  land-travel,  is  not  greater  on  sea  than  on  land. — Troy  Budget,  October 
2,  1871. 

The  Steamship  "  Trinacria." 

The  arrival  of  this  new  steamer,  of  the  famous  Anchor  Line,  at  Halifax,  was 
the  occasion  of  great  interest  and  no  little  comment.  The  "Trinacria"  is  the 
newest  and  finest  steamer  of  this  line,  and  is  in  every  way  worthy  of  the  repu- 
tation of  the  company,  and  admiration  expressed  by  passengers  and  visitors. 
The  steamer  was  launched  about  three  months  ago,  from  the  building-yard  of 
Duncan  &  Company,  Port-Glasgow,  and  this  is  her  maiden  trip  across  the  Atlan- 
tic. In  it  she  has  proved  staunch,  fast,  and  in  every  way  comfortable  for  pas- 
sengers. The  "  Trinacria"  is  an  iron  steamship  ;  her  machinery  is  of  the  most 
substantial  and  improved  pattern ;  and  she  is  considered  one  of  the  best-built 
steamers  that  has  for  years  left  the  Clyde.  While  the  "  Trinacria"  is  strong, 
substantial,  and  staunch  in  every  respect,  in  the  matter  of  passenger  accommoda- 
tion, she  is  not  surpassed  by  any  vessel  of  any  Transatlantic  line.  The  saloon  is 
arranged  in  a  novel  way,  having  its  length  across  the  breadth  of  the  ship,  so  that 
the  side-windows  look  out  on  the  sea,  and  afford  ample  light  and  ventilation. 
The  finishing  and  furnishing  of  the  saloon  and  state-rooms  are  elegant,  the  entire 
outfit  of  lamps,  mirrors,  couches,  piano,  carpets,  etc.,  having  been  made  expressly 
for  the  company;  and  tho  tables  will  accommodate  100  guests.  The  passengers 
arc  loud  in  their  praise  of  this  most  important  part  of  the  comfort  of  a  sea-voyage, 
eulogizing  the  catering  and  tho  cooking.  The  first  passage  was  a  very  favorable 
one  ;  and  the  passengers  joined  in  presenting  an  address  of  compliment  and  con- 
gratulation to  Captain  Thompson,  in  which  they  speak  of  his  personal  courtesy 
and  skill,  and  of  the  unsurpassed  excellence  of  the  splendid  steamer  which  he 
commands.  The  "  Trinacria  "  is  likely  to  increase  the  already  well-established 
favor  of  The  Ancho::  Line  with  the  travelling  public. — Boston  Tost,  October  3, 1871. 

The  Great  Ocean-Steamship  Line. 

Probably  no  feature  more  forcibly  illustrates  the  commercial  importance  of 
the  Great  Metropolis  than  the  numerous  lines  of  ocean-steamers  running  to  it 
from  all  the  leading  maritime  cities  of  the  world.  While  other  Atlantic  cities  can 
scarcely  support  a  single  line,  New  York  has  them  in  scores,  and  in  this  vast 
series  of  fleets,  the  peer  among  the  peers  is  the  truly  celebrated  and  popular 
AxcnoE  Line  of  Transatlantic  steam  packet-ships,  composed  of  a  fleet  of  thirty- 
eight  first-class,  full-powered,  Clyde-built,  iron-hull  vessels,  one  of  which  leaves 
this  port  as  well  as  Glasgow  every  Wednesday  and  Saturday  during  tho  year, 
touching  at  Moville  (Londonderry)  to  land  mails  and  passengers,  who  are  for- 
warded at  through-rates  to  their  destination  in  Great  Britain,  Ireland,  Norway, 
Sweden,  Denmark,  Germany,  Holland,  and  Belgium ;  and  on  their  return-trips 
to  all  parts  of  the  United  States  and  Canada.  Tho  steamers  are  all  first-class  in 
design,  construction,  and  appointment ;  were  built  under  the  immediate  inspec- 
tion of  some  of  the  most  able  naval  architects  of  the  day,  specially  for  the  Atlan- 
tic passenger  transit;  are  of  the  most  substantial  materials  throughout;  have 
water  and  air-tight  compartments ;  arc  fitted  and  furnished  with  all  the  best 
approved  modern  improvements ;  and  nothing  has  been  left  undone  in  order  to 
insure  the  safety,  convenience,  comfort,  and  luxury  of  passengers.  They  are 
officered  by  accomplished  seamen,  each  being  an  expert  in  his  position,  and  in 
all  their  arrangements  are  unsurpassable. — New  York  Express,  October  14,  1871. 


Anchor  Line  of  Steamships. 

This  deservedly  popular  line  possesses  one  of  the  finest  fleets  of  steamers  in 
the  world,  is  the  most  important  of  the  steamship  lines  in  point  of  number  of 
vessels  and  ports  sailed  from,  and  has  by  its  energy  and  enterprise  merited  tho 
confidence  of  the  public.  The  liberal  policy  which  has  always  characterized  the 
owners  of  this  line  having  made  it  a  special  favorite  with  travellers,  we  would 
recommend  business-men,  pleasure-seekers,  and  the  travelling  public  generally 
who  have  not  already  done  so,  to  make  a  trial  of  this  line. — Toronto  Leader, 
November  8,  1871. 

Off  to  the  Mediterranean. 

On  Thursday  of  last  week,  January  4th,  a  party  of  young  gentlemen  left  the 
city,  by  the  steamer  "Ismailia,"  to  take  The  Anchok  Line  Mediterranean  route 
for  pleasant  travel,  and,  for  the  benefit  of  those  who  may  wish  to  spend  three  or 
four  months  in  pleasant  and  instructive  sight-seeing,  we  give  the  following 
sketch  of  the  steamer  and  the  route,  adding  that  February,  March,  April,  and 
May,  are  the  pleasantest  months  for  travelling  in  the  Mediterranean.  The  "16- 
mailia"  was  built  last  year  expressly  for  the  New  York  and  Mediterranean  ser- 
vice; is  a  superb  steamer,  310  feet  long,  1,700  tons  register;  has  large  and 
splendid  state-rooms  for  70  cabin-passengers,  and  is  commanded  by  the  veteran 
Captain  William  Brown,  favorably  known  to  Mediterranean  travellers. 

The  proposed  route  on  this  occasion  will  be  New  York  to  Liverpool,  where 
passengers  leave  the  steamer  and  may  visit  London,  Edinburgh,  etc.,  or  spend  a 
week  in  "  Bonnie  Scotland,"  amid  the  scenes  immortalized  by  Sir  Walter  Scott, 
join  the  "  Ismailia"  at  Glasgow  on  the  27th  January,  start  for  the  Levant,  and 
en  route  pass  the  unequalled  scenery  of  the  river  and  Firth  of  Clyde,  Land  o' 
Burns,  Ailsa  Craig,  Irish,  Welsh,  and  English  coasts  ;  past  the  wild  scenery  of 
the  Land's  End  and  Scilly  Islands,  over  the  bay  of  Biscay,  along  the  coast  of 
Spain,  from  Finisterre  to  Vigo ;  then  following  Portugal,  admiring  the  various 
landscape  and  marine  views,  especially  near  Cintra  and  Lisbon,  Cape  St.  Vin- 
cent, Trafalgar  Bay,  till  anchoring  at  Gibraltar,  between  the  Pillars  of  Hercules, 
long  held  to  be  the  western  boundary  of  the  world;  landing  and  ascending  to 
the  head  of  the  giant  sentinel,  look  over  its  battlemented  slopes  and  precipices 
on  the  incomparable  scenes  east  and  west — having  the  Atlantic  and  the  Mediter- 
ranean in  one  splendid  view ;  then  on,  touching  at  the  fine  old  "  precipitous 
city"  of  Algiers,  with  its  magnificent  modern  improvements,  in  the  streets  of 
which  may  be  found  denizens  of  all  nations;  afterward  coasting  along  Africa, 
under  the  shadow  of  its  grand  mountains  and  within  sight  of  the  beautiful  vil- 
lages, nestling  in  verdant  valleys  or  perched  on  high  mountain-ridges,  till  arriv- 
ing in  the  bay  of  Tunis,  sighing  as  we  pass  the  ruins  of  Carthage — the  greatest 
city  of  antiquity — and  viewing  them  from  perhaps  the  very  spot  where  jEneas 
was  when  last  beheld  by  Queen  Dido,  as  she  expired  broken-hearted  on  the 
funeral-pile  her  own  royal  hand  had  ignited  ;  then,  leaving  Tunis,  pass  the 
locality  of  the  first  naval  battle  of  the  Romans,  aud  the  picturesque  island  of 
Pantelaria,  land  at  Malta,  the  most  important,  after  India,  of  the  British  depen- 
dencies; then  on  to  Alexandria,  the  most  magnificent  city  of  antiquity,  which 
will  be  reached  about  the  15th  of  February,  where  the  tourist  landing  may  visit 
Pompey's  Pillar,  Cleopatra's  Needle,  ruins,  sphinxes,  Suez  Canal,  Cairo,  ascend 
the  Pyramids,  or  take  a  sail  on  the  Nile.  Should  the  tourist  wish  to  visit  the 
Holy  Land,  he  will  leave  his  baggage  in  charge  of  the  company's  agent  at  Alex- 
andria, be  supplied  by  him  with  information  and  advice  regarding  the  journey, 
and  return  in  time  to  take  the  next  steamer  of  the  line.  Passengers  are  allowed 
to  break  the  journey  at  any  point,  and  resume  at  pleasure  by  any  of  the  com- 
pany's steamers.  Leaving  Alexandria  about  the  22d,  the  "Ismailia"  proceeds 
homeward  across  the  Mediterranean,  passing  in  sight  of  the  renowned  island  of 
Crete,  the  coast  of  Greece,  tho  country  so  celebrated  in  the  history  of  freedom, 
of  literature,  of  art,  of  philosophy,  aud  of  civilization  generally,  and  yet  whose 
early  history  is  lost  in  the  mist  of  ages.  Then,  coasting  along  Calabria,  past 
Cape  Colonna,  over  the  gulf  of  Taranto,  in  sight  of  the  battle-fields  of  Hannibal, 
then  crossing  the  Adriatic  to  the  Dalmatian  coast,  pass  up  among  its  isles  aud 
over  the  gulf  of  Venice  to  the  beautiful  city  of  Trieste—"  the  most  loyal  of 
towns."  Here,  again,  the  tourist  ought  to  leave  tho  steamer,  visit  the  marvellous 
and  world-renowned  stalactite  grotto  of  Adelsberg,  which  in  itself  will  be 
acknowledged  to  more  than  repay  the  cost  of  tho  whole  journey,  and,  for  those 
to  whom  it  is  interesting,  the  residence  of  the  Queen  Dal  Chin,  so  famous  for 
her  success  in  curing  luxations,  of  however  long  standing  ;  the  noble  and  singu- 
lar city  of  Venice,  with  its  canals,  gondolas,  bridges,  palaces,  galleries,  and 
monuments,  its  beauties,  and  its  wonders.  (A  iitour  can  be  made  at  a  littlo 
extra  expense  in  one  of  the  fine,  comfortable  steamers  of  the  Austrian  .Lloyds 
among  the  Grecian  islands,  through  the  Corfu  Channel,  on  to  the  gulf  of  Corinth 
and  city  of  Athens,  to  view  its  wonders  of  art  and  places  of  interest— the  Acrop- 
olis, with  its  most  glorious  monuments  and  temples  ;  the  venerable  Areopagus  ; 
the  Academy  where  Plato  gave  lessons;  the  Lyceum  where  Aristotle  lectured, 
or  sail  round  the  Morca  through  the  Grecian  Archipelago,  and  coast  along  the 
gulf  of  Saloniea,  ancient  Thcssalonica,  with  royal  Olympus  on  one  side,  and 
saered  Athos  on  the  other.)  Returning,  the  tourist  can  either  take  The  Anchor 
Line  steamer  to  Trieste,  Naples,  or  proceed  by  rail,  visiting  on  the  way  the 
cities  of  Genoa,  Leghorn,  Pisa,  Florence,  and  Rome,  rejoining  at  Naples  or  Pa- 
lermo the  steamer  for  America  direct. 

Nearly  every  one  is  now  familiar  with  travellers'  accounts  of  the  wonders  and 


THE  ANCHOR  LINE  OF  STEAMERS. 


53 


beauties  of  classic  scenery,  but  to  realize  them,  to  walk  in  the  spectre-like  streets 
of  Pompeii  and  Herculaueum,  amid  the  ruins  of  ancient  splendor  and  super- 
stition, to  view  the  bay  of  Naples  from  the  heights  of  Vesuvius,  or  from  Virgil's 
tomb  or  the  orange-clad  cliffs  of  Sorrento,  or  from  the  strange-shaped  island  of 
Capri,  the  land  of  the  famous  Blue  Grotto— to  realize  such  scenes  as  these  is  to 
impress  on  our  minds  models  of  the  grand  and  beautiful  that  cannot  fail  to  add 
a  tone  of  elevation  and  refinement  to  all  our  future  life.  Then  there  are  the 
palaces,  that  dazzle  us  with  their  costliness  and  splendor ;  the  churches,  whose 
internal  grandeur  itself  awakens  veneration,  and  the  delightful  gardens,  to  all  of 
which  access  is  easily  obtained,  and  ample  time  allowed,  while  the  steamer  is 
loading. 

After  leaving  Naples,  the  steamer  passes  near  the  Siren  Caves,  of  which  Vir- 
gil sang,  then  cn  past  Scylla,  through  the  Charybdis  to  Messina,  at  which  point 
those  wishing  to  visit  Etna,  Syracuse,  and  Agrigcntum,  may  make  a  dt'lour, 
rejoining  the  steamer  at  Palermo.  After  leaving  the  beautiful  city  and  bay  of 
Palermo,  en  route  homeward,  the  steamers  often  stop  for  cargo  at  ports  in  Spain, 
and  the  Atlantic  passage  is  often  relieved  by  passing  among  the  Azores,  and  not 
unlikely  stopping  at  St.  Michael's  to  complete  loading.  Thus  the  trip  embraces, 
besides  those  mentioned,  countless  places  of  note,  such  as  Elba,  Corsica,  Sar- 
dinia, the  Ionian  Islands,  the  burning  Stromboli,  etc.,  etc.,  all  of  which  are 
generally  passed  close  enough  to  see  them  in  their  most  interesting  aspect.  It 
is  quite  impossible  to  convey  even  a  faint  idea  of  the  intense  and  enduring 
delight  in  seeing  all  that  is  to  be  seen  under  the  balmy  skies  of  the  lands  of  Homer, 
Virgil,  Dante,  Cervantes,  etc.,  and  to  realize  it,  is  to  withdraw  the  veil  from  the 
face  of  dim  Antiquity,  is  to  wield  the  magic  wand,  is  to  possess  the  open  sesame 
by  which  the  portals  of  the  dark  ages  fly  open,  and  in  walks  the  fascinated  and 
enraptured  man  of  the  age  among  the  beautiful  and  sublime  ruins  of  the  past, 
all  whispering  to  him,  in  silent  eloquence,  soul-stirring  stories  of  the  loves, 
passions,  and  glories,  of  heroic  generations  that  have  passed  away ;  whose  spirits 
may  yet  hover  near,  floating  on  the  silver  wings  of  the  beautiful  Eastern  moon- 
light, around  the  crumbling  columns  of  their  old  marble  homes,  or  flash  in  the 
soft  sunbeams  among  the  classic  groves  that  no  longer  echo  the  ennobling  strains 
of  classic  poesy,  except  when  the  tourist  himself  adds  to  the  romance  of  his 
visit  by  reciting  some  choice  scrap  of  ancient  lore ;  to  be  able  to  make  the  cir- 
cuit of  all  these  historic  and  classic  scenes  in  steamers  so  luxurious  and  comfort- 
able as  those  of  The  Anchor  Line,  that  one  may  justly  say  his  home  travels 
with  him,  is  a  matter  that  ought  to  rivet  the  attention  of  all  individuals  whose 
aspirations  and  desires  permit  them  to  enjoy  so  magnificent  and  enduring  a 
pleasure.  The  whole  trip  is  generally  completed  in  three  months,  and,  consider- 
ing the  luxurious  and  abundant  table  of  these  splendid  steamers,  a  moment's 
reflection  will  show  that  this  magnificent  tour  may  be  accomplished  as  comfort- 
able as  if,  as  we  said  before,  "one's  home  was  travelling  with  him,"  and  yet 
the  expense  little  exceeding  the  ordinary  cost  of  boarding  ashore. — Sew  York 
Express,  January  24,  1872. 

A  Trip  to  Ireland  and  Scotland,  with  Note3  of  some  'English  and  German 
Watering-Places— Hints  for  pissing  a  Summer  pleasantly  and  with 
Eaonomy. 

There  is  nothing  new  in  the  design  of  this  little  volume,  there  is  nothing 
brilliant  in  its  execution,  and  very  probably,  as  a  literary  venture,  it  may  not  be 
successful.  Its  preface  at  any  rate  shall  have  the  merit  of  modesty.  Perhaps  it 
will  fall  into  the  hands  of  some  who  will  be  induced  to  visit  the  scenes  which 
have  afforded  us  so  much  pleasure.  If  a  single  individual  finds  any  thing  for 
which  to  thank  me,  I  shall  have  made  a  profitable  investment.  J.  C. 

CHAPTER  I. — SIX  WEEKS  AWAY  FROM  nOME. 

There  is  a  "  summer  vacation"  for  the  clergyman,  the  scholar,  and  the  busi- 
ness-man. Alas,  it  is  not  for  all  of  them  !  The  majority  are  perpetually  walk- 
ing the  tread-mill  of  labor,  looking  forward  only  to  that  summer  vacation  that  is 
succeeded  by  no  autumn  or  winter.  But,  for  those  who  can  have  leisure  in  this 
world,  it  is  desirable  to  make  the  most  of  it,  and  in  the  shortest  possible  time  to 
recruit  their  wasted  energies  and  lay  in  a  stock  of  vital  force  for  a  renewed  cam- 
paign of  toil.  They  who  endeavor  to  do  this  at  our  fashionable  watering-places 
find  themselves,  on  returning  home,  exhausted  rather  than  refreshed,  and  regret- 
ful of  the  money  and  time  expended  in  a  vain  search  for  health.  They  might  do 
vastly  better  with  both  outlays  by  spending  at  least  one-half  the  time  on  the 
ocean,  and  by  disbursing  their  money  beyond  it  where  they  may  receive  a  far 
greater  value  for  it  than  at  home.  I  am  not  addressing  the  rich ;  they  should 
evince  their  patriotism  by  making  richer  our  already  rich  hotel-keepers. 

Nor  is  this  first  chapter  designed  for  those  who  arc  not  so  fortunate  as  we  have 
been  in  having  four  months  to  spend  abroad.  It  is  for  those  who  have  but  a  six 
weeks'  vacation,  and  very  little  money  to  use  in  this  short  time. 

Will  you  compute  wjiat  it  would  cost  you  to  go  to  Saratoga,  Newport,  or  Long 
Branch,  for  six  weeks?  Do,  and  I  will  then  tell  you  of  another  way  to  employ 
that  period.  Try  both,  and  make  the  contrast  for  yourselves.  Put  money  well 
spent  against  money  squandered,  the  pure  air  of  the  ocean  against  the  composite 
odors  of  the  marshes,  the  spice  of  variety  against  the  satiety  of  sameness,  elas- 
ticity of  spirit  against  fitful  blues,  and  the  remembrance  of  things  not  to  be  for- 
gotten against  the  memory  of  those  you  would  like  to  forget.  Follow  me  then 
over  a  part  of  cur  route,  but,  as  your  time  is  more  limited,  vou  should  be  landed 
• 


at  an  advance  station,  and  we  shall  say  "  good-by  "  to  you  after  you  have  merely 
seen  somewhat  of  Ireland  and  Scotland. 

There  is  but  one  advice  to  give  to  those  who  dread  the  bugbear  of  sea-sick- 
ness— stay  at  home  and  be  otherwise  miserable.  They  who  do  not  fear  to  cross 
the  now  daily  Atlantic  ferry  may  be  assured  that  every  cubic  inch  of  the  air  they 
inhale  is  equal  to  a  dose  of  quinine,  without  its  bad  sequences. 

Sea-shore  air  is  one  tiling,  and  sea-air  is  another.  The  first  is  a  mixture  of 
the  pure  article  with  kelp,  and  decayed  clams ;  the  latter  is  the  thing  itself, 
abounding  with  ozone,  that  newly-discovered  principle  of  life.  Now,  then,  my 
traveller,  for  your  directions  : 

You  will  first  call  at  the  office  of  TnE  Anchor  Line  of  Steamers,  7  Bowling 
Green,  New  York.  This  is  one  of  the  best  of  the  many  good  steamship  lines, 
and  for  our  present  purpose  it  is  selected  as  being  the  most  direct.  There  is  no 
American  line,  you  will  remember,  for  our  free  Government  does  not  allow  our 
citizens  the  privilege  enjoyed  by  the  subjects  of  all  other  countries,  of  buying 
ships  for  their  business  when  our  own  people  are  unable  to  build  them.  At  the 
office  of  The  Anchor  Line  you  may  obtain  a  first-class  ticket,  with  return,  to 
and  from  Glasgow  and  liberty  to  land  at  Londonderry,  Ireland,  where  you  will 
arrive  in  ten  or  eleven  days,  prom  that  place  to  Portrush,  the  nearest  town  to 
the  "  Giant's  Causeway,"  the  time  is  two  hours  by  rail  along  a  coast-road  most 
charmingly  romantic.  You  will  remain  in  that  neighborhood  two  days,  visiting 
what  you  will  find  herein  after  described. 

You  will  then  take  the  steamer,  which  in  a  few  hours  will  bring  you  to  Glas- 
gow— passing  in  the  early  morning  among  the  lovely  islands  at  the  mouth  of  the 
Clyde,  and  steaming  up  the  river  through  twenty  miles  of  ever-changing  interest, 
leaving  Dumbarton  Castle  on  your  left,  and  far  in  the  distance  the  peak  of  Ben 
Lomond  and  the  other  Scottish  Highlands.  As  you  approach  Glasgow  you  shall 
be  astonished  to  witness  the  active  industry  of  ship-building.  It  is  the  place  to 
which  all  nations  excepting  the  United  States  resort  for  their  best  ships.  You 
can  see  Glasgow  in  a  day.  Visit  by  all  means  the  Cathedral  and  the  Necropolis. 
On  the  next  morning  take  the  fast  little  steamer  "  Iona,"  pass  down  the  river — 
through  the  "  Kyles  of  Bute,"  with  Rothesay  on  your  left,  up  Loch  Fyue  to  Ar- 
drishaig.  In  short,  take  the  route  you  will  find  described  in  one  of  the  ensuing 
chapters. 

You  will  thus  find  yourself  in  Glasgow  again  on  the  evening  of  the  second  day, 
and  the  five  days  you  have  passed  will  live  in  your  memory  forever.  On  the 
morrow  you  will  take  the  train  for  Edinburgh  via  Loch  Katrine  and  the  Tros- 
sachs.  If,  as  was  our  lot,  you  perform  this  day's  work  iu  a  pouring  rain,  you 
will  not  be  enthusiastic  in  afterward  describing  it.  I  have  omitted  it  altogether, 
as  I  did  not  feel  in  a  mood  to  do  the  subject  justice.  But  may  a  fairer  heaven  be 
above  you,  and  all  the  world  around  you  will  be  beautiful.  And  yet  I  fear  Loch 
Katrine  will  disappoint  you,  for  you  will  take  the  "  Lady  of  the  Lake  "  for  your 
companion,  and  will  try  to  bring  the  realities  before  you  up  to  the  magic  ideality 
of  Scott.    That  is  a  vain  endeavor. 

What  shall  we  say  of  Edinburgh  but  that  it  is  the  Queen  City  of  the  world  ? 
I  shall  tell  you  more  of  it  by-and-by.  Have  you  meant  to  remain  here  but  a  day  ! 
A  month  would  leave  something  unseen.  But  within  the  reach  of  a  few  hours 
are  Abbotsford,  Melrose,  Boslyn,  Dalkeith,  Stirling,  and  other  places  of  absorb- 
ing interest.  Take  a  week  for  Edinburgh  and  its  vicinity,  and  be  sorry  that  you 
can  spare  no  more  time.  Then  return  to  Glasgow  by  direct  route  in  an  hour,  and 
take  a  weekly  steamer  for  New  York,  where  you  will  arrive  in  eleven  days. 

Let  us  now  first  calculate  the  time.  You  have  passed,  say,  twenty-two  clays 
upon  the  ocean — well-spent  sanitary  days — three  days  in  Ireland  ;  seventeen 
days  in  Scotland ;  six  weeks  in  all.  Your  expenses,  allowing  you  every  comfort 
but  no  extravagance,  amount,  for  your  sea-voyage,  to  one  hundred  and  thirty 
dollars  currency,  and  foe  the  time  you  are  on  shore  six  dollars  per  day  ;  that  is, 
for  twenty  days  one  hundred  and  twenty  dollars;  mi  all  two  hundred  and  fifty 
dollars  for  six  weeks  of  rational,  healthful,  and  intellectual  enjoyment — two  hun- 
dred and  fifty  dollars  ! — a  sum  of  which,  supposing  you  not  already  robbed  by 
the  great  hotels  of  Saratoga,  John  Morrissey  would  relieve  you  in  one  night ! 

Moreover,  to  make  a  still  nicer  calculation,  you  may  lay  in  a  stock  of  clothing 
for  two  years'  wear  at  a  difference  in  cost  which  shall  return  to  you  the  whole  ex- 
pense of  your  trip. 

This  is  a  chapter  for  economists  of  time  and  money.  Those  who  have  more 
of  one  or  of  the  other  to  spare  can  be  guided  by  what  comes  after,  if  they  will 
follow  us  in  a  more  leisurely  ramble.  In  any  case  the  daily  expenses  for  travel- 
ling and  lodging  need  not  be  greater  than  I  have  specified,  if  the  traveller  will 
select  comfortable  lodgings  in  preference  to  hotels,  and  if  he  will  not  give  too 
much  prominence  to  the  fact  that  he  is  an  American. —  Washington  Capital,  Feb- 
ruary 11, 1872. 

The  Tideless  Sea— How  to  visit  the  Mediterranean  and  return— A  Transat- 
lantic Trip  fuU  of  Romantic,  Historic,  and  Picturesque  Interest  and 
Beauty— A  Month  among  the  Ancient  Homes  of  Art,  the  Fountain  of 
Civilization  and  of  History. 

Considering  the  general  and  growing  enthusiasm  of  our  countrymen  for 
classic  lore  and  classic  scenes — scenes  to  which  our  hearts  owe  their  prototypes 
of  all  that  is  fascinating  in  art,  all  their  most  elevated  sentiments  of  liberty  and 
patriotism,  and  to  which  our  souls  owe  all  that  is  truly  divine  in  religion,  it 
seems  strange  that  the  means  of  easily,  cheaply,  and  comfortably  beholding 


54 


THE  ANCHOR  LINE  OF  STEAMERS. 


those  scenes  of  sublimity  and  beauty  should  be  weekly  nt  their  very  doors,  and 
yet  they  remain  unconscious  of  it.  The  provision  wo  refer  to  is  the  large  and 
splendid  new  steamers  of  The  Anchor  Lime.  Tho  comfort  afforded  in  these 
magnificent  and  elegantly-fitted  vessels  is  unexcelled,  as  it  is  the  studious  atten- 
tion of  their  managers  and  otlicers  to  tho  parties  carrying  out  the  following 
seductive  programme  of  travel,  a  tour  that  constitutes  the  mind  of  each  traveller 
ever  afterward  a  living  album  of  the  beautiful,  picturesque,  grand,  and  sublime 
in  scenery,  fine  arts,  and  architecture,  and  a  living  encyclopaedia  of  all  that  is 
novel,  charming,  and  interesting,  under  the  soft  sun  and  golden  skies  of  the 
land  of  Homer,  Virgil,  Dante,  etc. 

HOW  TO  DO  JT. 

With  three  or  four  months  to  spare  in  time  and  §300  in  cash,  go  to  the  office 
of  The  Anchor  Line,  No.  7  Bowling  Green,  purchase  a  Transatlantic  and 
Mediterranean  round-trip  ticket,  which  will  cost  you  $250,  exchange  the 
other  $250  into  British  gold,  which  will  be  required  for  land  travelling,  sight- 
seeing, purchasing  souvenirs,  etc.  ;  then  at  noon  on  Saturday  step  on  board  the 
steamer  for  Glasgow,  a  city  in  point  of  population  the  second  in  Britain,  being 
only  exceeded  by  London  ;  in  Europe  only'by  Paris,  St.  Petersburg,  and  Con- 
stantinople ;  and  in  America  by  New  fork  and  Philadelphia.  After  nine  or  ten 
days  the  Atlantic  is  crossed,  and  the  wild  and  picturesque  scenery  of  the  coast 
of  Donegal,  kept  green  even  in  winter,  as  it  is,  by  the  well-known  warm  current 
of  the  Gulf  Stream,  gladdens  the  eye  with  its  unequalled  verdure  and  beauty. 
The  steamer  stops  at  Moville  to  land  mails  and  passengers,  and  the  tourist  may 
either  proceed  to  Glasgow  (ten  hours'  distance),  or  break  the  journey  here,  and 
land  at  Derry.  Ho  can  then  stand  on  the  sites  immortalized,  scarcely  less 
by  the  pen  of  Macaulay  than  by  the  heroism  of  the  brave  defenders  of  the 
Maiden  City.  Then  on  to  Portrush,  viewing  the  Giant's  Causeway,  justly 
termed  one  of  the  world's  wonders,  the  picturesque  ruins  of  Dunluce  Castle; 
through  Coleraine,  Ballymony,  Antrim,  Carriekfergus,  Loeh  Neagh,  etc.,  to 
Belfast,  where,  after  viewing  the  attractions  of  ."this  great  and  astonishing 
city,"  he  proceeds  by  steamer  to  Glasgow,  passing  en  route  the  Mull  of  Cantyre, 
Ailsa  Craig,  the  isands  of  Arran  and  Bute,  the  romantic  scenery  of  the  land  of 
Burns,  the  Firth  and  river  Clyde,  with  all  their  watering-places,  castles,  ruins, 
and  immense  ship-building  yards.  Here  the  tourist  may  stay  a  week  or  longer, 
as  his  time  and  means  will  admit ;  but  he  ought  not  to  pass  on  without  seeing 
tho  wonders  of  Glasgow,  Edinburgh  (one  of  the  most  imposing  and  interesting 
cities  in  Europe),  Melrose,  Koslyn,  Abbotsford,  Dryburgh,  Linlithgow,  Falkirk, 
Bannockburn,  Stirling,  Cullender,  the  Trosaehs,  Loch  Katrine,  Loch  Lomond, 
Paisley,  Ayr,  Dumfries,  Alloway  Kirk,  etc.,  all  teeming  with  romantic  recollec- 
tions of  legendary  lore;  of  scenes,  of  times  immortalized  by  Scott,  Burns, 
Hogg,  Tannahill,  and  hosts  of  other  bards  and  novelists  well  known  to  feme. 
Who  would  not  wish  to  visit  the  land  of  Wallace  and  Bruce,  of  Knox  and  Melville 
and  Murray,  of  Scott  and  Burns,  of  Chalmers  and  McCheyne  ?  But  tho  tourist 
must  leave  this  glorious  old  country,  this  land  of  heroes  and  of  genius,  this 
home  of  liberty  and  a  pure  faith,  and  continue  his  journey  to  the  laud  of  sunny 
climes,  the  birthplace  of  genius  and  of  art,  where,  centuries  ago,  the  poets  sang 
and  orators  spake  "  thoughts  that  breathe  and  words  that  burn,"  where  the 
painters,  the  sculptors,  and  tho  architects,  made  art  glorious  and  immortal.  If 
the  voyager  has  time  to  spare,  he  may  extend  the  trip  to  Palestine,  the  fountain 
of  our  religious  history,  see  at  Jerusalem  the  tomb  of  the  Messiah,  and  become 
acquainted  with  the  physical  peculiarities  which  contribute  so  largely  to'  the 
poetry  of  the  Holy  Book.  Ho  may  glance  at  the  Mosque  of  St-  Sophia,  witness 
tho  majestic  beauty  of  the  Golden  Horn,  and  study  the  creed  of  tho  Koran,  nt 
Constantinople — even  take  a  look  at  Grand  Cairo,  and  view  the  ancient  and  mod- 
ern wonders  of  Egypt,  the  mother  of  nations,  the  Pyramids,  and  the  Suez  Canal. 

Tho  steamers  touch  at  Lisbon,  Gibraltar,  Algiers,  Tunis,  Malta,  Alexandria, 
Trieste,  Venice,  Messina,  Palermo,  Naples,  Leghorn,  Genoa,  Marseilles,  Valen- 
cia, Malaga,  and  other  places,  affording  an  opportunity  of  visiting,  besides  the 
places  named,  Cintra,  Carthage,  Suez  Canal,  river  Nile,  the  Pyramids,  Cairo, 
ruins  in  the  ancient  lands  of  the  Pharaohs,  Stalactite  Grotto  of  Adelsberg, 
Blue  Grotto  of  Capri,  Pisa,  Florence,  Rome,  Pompeii,  Herculaneum,  Vesuvius, 
Etna,  Syracuse,  Agrigentum,  and  a  hundred  other  places  of  more  or  less  inter- 
est, as  well  as  passing  close  enough  to  see  countless  places  of  note  ;  such  as  tho 
Welsh,  English,  Irish,  Scotch,  Spanish,  Portuguese,  French,  Italian,  Grecian, 
Turkish,  Austrian,  and  African  coasts;  the  Sicily,  Balearic,  and  Ionian  Isles, 
the  islands  of  Elba,  Corsica,  Sardinia,  Sicily,  Panteilaria,  etc.,  towns,  cities, 
gulfs,  bays,  etc. 

In  returning,  the  tourist  can  either  take  one  of  The  Anchor  Line  steam- 
ers from  the  Mediterranean  direct  to  New  York,  or  return  via  Glasgow.  Be  has 
also  the  option  of  breaking  the  journey  at  any  port,  resuming  at  pleasure  by  an- 
other of  the  company's  steamers.  Should  ho  wish  to  visit  Palestine,  tho  com- 
pany's agent  at  Alexandria  will  supply  him  with  the  necessary  advice  and  in- 
formation, and  reserve  a  berth  for  him  in  a  later  steamer.  It  is  confidently  ex- 
pected that  this  magnificent  line  of  travel,  fraught  with  interest,  instruction,  and 
gratification,  has  only  to  become  known  to  Americans  generally,  to  make  it  one 
of  the  most  popular  of  Transatlantic  routes.— New  York  Standard,  February  2G, 
1872. 

The  Anchor  Line. 

Always  progressing  with  tho  age,  this  line  is  about  to  add  another  list  of 
steamers  to  their  already  largo  fleet.    The  now  vessels  will  bo  larger  and  even 


finer  than  any  they  have  at  the  present  time.  The  new  steamers  will  bo  named 
"Bolivia,"  "California,"  "Castalia,"  "Ethiopia,"  ''Italia,"  "  Utopiu,"  and 
"  Victoria." — New  York  Nautical  Gazelle,  March  9,  1872. 

From  Scotland— Letter  from  Thomas  Potts,  Esq. 

The  "Anglia"  is  one  of  a  fleet  of  39  steamers  belonging  to  The  Anchor 
Line.  The  first-class  accommodations  are  really  excellent,  and  in  some  respects, 
I  think,  superior  to  any  thing  I  have  seen.  The  main  saloon  is  placed  as  near  as 
can  be  to  the  centre  of  tho  ship,  thereby  receiving  the  least  possible  motion,  and 
escaping  that  tremulous  vibration  from  the  same,  ever  present  in  saloons  at  the 
extremo  end  of  the  ship.  I  have  crossed  the  Atlantic  about  twenty  times  by 
steam,  and  can  say,  without  prejudice,  I  never  crossed  more  comfortably,  and 
where  every  effort  seemed  to  be  made  by  captain  and  officers  to  secure  the  safety 
and  comfort  of  passengers.  She  is  commanded  by  Captain  Small,  a  gentleman 
of  large  experience  at  sea,  who  combines,  with  the  stern  discipline  of  the  sailor, 
a  social  disposition  and  genuine  kindness  of  heart  unsurpassed.  If  any  of  our 
mutual  friends  want  a  pleasant  trip  across  the  Atlantic,  I  don't  think  I  could  do 
them  a  greater  favor  than  recommending  them  to  place  themselves  under  the 
care  of  Captain  Small  and  his  officers. — St.  John  Telegraph,  April  3,  1S72. 

The  Great  Ocean-Ferry. 

The  Anchor  Line  of  occan-steamcrs  is  among  the  great  achievements  of  mod- 
ern science  and  enterprise.  The  vessels  composing  the  line  have  been  run  w  ith 
the  regularity  and  precision  of  tho  ferries  on  tho  rivers,  and  may  bo  well 
called  a  great  ocean-ferry.  As  passenger-boats,  they  afford  all  tho  safety  and 
all  the  comforts  that  modern  ingenuity  has  devised.  They  are  unsurpassed 
for  strength,  are  models  of  beauty  and  finish,  and  thoroughly  ventilated.  The 
greatest  courtesy,  attention,  and  civility,  are  at  all  times  shown  to  passengers,  by 
officers,  agents,  and  employes.  None  of  the  lines  combine  more  genuine  attrac- 
tions to  the  ocean-traveller  than  The  Anchor.  Our  townsman,  Mr.  Temple,  the 
merchant-prince  of  Alleghany,  who  crosses  the  ocean  frequently,  prefers  this 
line  to  all  others.  We  suppose,  as  usual,  some  hundreds  of  our  citizens  meditate 
a  trip  to  Europe  during  tho  spring  and  summer;  we  commend  to  all  such  the 
really  first-class,  staunch,  and  very  commodious  and  elegant  steamers  of  this 
popular  line,  and  their  commanders  and  crews.  A  trip  on  such  vessels,  with  such 
officers,  is  a  pastime  and  a  luxury. — Pittsburg  Gazette,  April  16,  1872. 

Salt-Water  Excursions. 

The  ship  agencies  are  very  busy  arranging  Atlantic  passages  for  European 
tourists  the  coming  summer.  The  cheapness  of  atrip  to  Ireland,  Scotland,  and 
England,  by  the  only  northern  route,  The  Anchor  Line  of  steamers,  is  a  great 
inducement  to  all,  and  more  especially  to  those  of  moderate  means.  The  rates 
are  quoted  in  currency,  and  thereby  do  away  with  the  complications  of  gold. — 
Cincinnati  Commercial,  April  16,  1872. 

The  Great  Ocean-Ferry. 

Among  the  most  notable  enterprises  in  this  day  of  stupendous  undertakings 
none  ranks  more  bold  in  conception,  none  has  achieved  a  more  brilliant  success 
than  the  great  ocean-ferries  established  by  The  Anchor  Line  of  oceam-steam- 
ships.  This  success  is  mainly  due  to  the  prompt  recognition  by  them  of  public 
needs,  and  the  unstinted  zeal  with  which  the  company  has  labored  to  meet  them. 
A  noble  fleet  of  thirty-six  first-class  vessels,  excelled  by  none,  and  equalled  but 
by  few,  are  already  in  commission,  and  others  building  to  meet  the  constantly  in- 
creasing demands  of  the  service.  These  steamers  arc  officered  by  the  best  talent 
that  science  can  command,  filled  with  all  tho  appointments  of  use  and  luxury 
that  past  experience  could  suggest,  and  the  ingenuity  of  two  continents  devise  ; 
thus  giving  this  line  the  preeminence  it  holds  over  all  competitors  with  the  trav- 
elling world.  The  limits  of  our  paper  would  not  suffice  were  wc  to  enumerate  in 
detail  the  many  excellences  of  this  line.  The  purpose,  however,  of  our  present 
article,  is  to  call  attention  to  new  features  recently  perfected,  and  only  intro- 
duced by  these  enterprising  proprietors.  The  establishment  of  reliable  agen- 
cies at  every  principal  city  and  town  in  both  hemispheres,  so  that,  by  the  com- 
pany's branch  lines,  and  tributary  connections  with  steamboats  and  rail- 
ways, passengers  arc  booked  with  coupon  tickets  to  and  from  any  seaport  or 
railroad  station  in  tho  world.  The  advantages  of  this  aro  too  obvious  to  the 
travelling  public  to  need  comment,  while  to  the  neophyte  the  greatest  source  of 
anxiety  in  travelling  is  at  once  fully  removed  ;  the  mind  is  freed  from  all  cares, 
and  the  full  enjoyment  of  the  trip  insured.  Kound-trip  or  excursion  tickets  aro 
furnished  at  reduced  rates,  enabling  the  tourist  or  the  business-man  to  excrciso 
economy  both  as  to  means  and  time.  The  establishment  of  these  many  agencies 
has  a  use  and  value  to  our  community,  who  do  not  intend  going  from  home,  to 
which  wc  desire  to  call  especial  attention.  Planters,  manufacturers,  and  others, 
are  enabled  thereby  to  open  correspondence  with  reliable  parties  at  the  crowded 
centres  of  population  in  the  Ol'd  World,  with  a  view  to  secure  the  services  of 
skilled  or  other  labor,  of  which  our  section  stands  in  so  great  a  need  ;  the  labor- 
ers can  be  engaged  upon  the  other  side,  their  passages  paid  here,  and,  in  case  of 
failure  upon  their  part  to  come  out,  the  passage-money  will  be  refunded. — Au- 
gusta Chronicle  and  Sentinel,  April  18,  1872. 


THE  ANCHOR  LINE  OF  STEAMERS. 


55 


The  Anchor  Line. 

Their  ships,  of  immense  tonnage,  are  perfect  floating  palaces,  with  the  most 
luxurious  accommodations  ever  offered  to  the  travelling  public.  Their  safety,  and 
the  low  rates  of  passage,  have  secured  for  the  line  great  popularity. — Talbotton, 
Standard,  April  25,  1S72. 

The  Anchor  Line  of  Steamers. 

The  passenger-steamers  of  this  splendid  "  ocean-ferry "  between  Europe 
and  America  are  from  1,500  to  3,500  tons  burden,  have  accommodation  for  300  to 
900  steerage-passengers  (which  are  carried  on  one  'tween-deck  only),  and  from 
50  to  100  cabin-passengers  berthed  on  the  upper-saloon  deck  ;  were  built  under 
special  and  governmental  inspectors  for  the  Atlantic  passenger-trade  ;  are  un- 
surpassed for  strength,  beauty,  and  finish;  are  divided  into  water-tight  and  air- 
tight compartments,  and  arc  fitted  up  in  every  respect  with  all  recent  improve- 
ments to  insure  the  comfort,  convenience,  and  safety  of  passengers,  to  whom  the 
greatest  courtesy  and  attention  are  shown  by  the  officers  and  employes  of  the 
company.  We  can  give  no  stronger  illustration  of  this  than  the  fact  that 
eighteen  archbishops  and  bishops,  on  their  way  to  the  Vatican  Council,  selected 
Tue  Anchor  Line  for  their  ocean-voyage.  .  .  . 

II.  McGrath,  Esq.,  1019  Walnut  Street,  i3  agent  for  this  line.  From  him  pas- 
sage-tickets to  or  from  Europe,  and  all  necessary  information  respecting  the  sub- 
ject, can  be  obtained.  Any  of  our  readers  who  contemplate  crossing  the  ocean, 
or  who  have  friends  that  design  to  do  so,  will  do  well  to  give  him  a  call. — Phila- 
delphia Catholic  Standard,  April  27,  1872. 

A  Trip  to  Europe. 

The  old  and  reliable  Anchor  Line  of  steamships  is  now  offering  superior  in- 
ducements to  those  who  contemplate  making  a  summer  vacation-trip  to  Europe. 
The  rates  of  fare  have  been  reduced,  and  the  best  facilities  are  offered  passengers. 
— Buffalo  Commercial  Advertiser,  May  17,  1872. 

A  Trip  to  Ireland  and  Scotland. 

This  is  the  title  of  a  book  soon  to  be  issued,  and  which  is  intended  for  the 
instruction  and  entertainment  of  those  who  will  avail  themselves  of  the  oppor- 
tunities afforded  by  The  Anchor  Line  of  Transatlantic  steamships,  sailing 
from  New  York  every  Wednesday  and  Saturday.  The  writer  shows  that  by 
this  route  a  person  may  be  absent  from  home  six  weeks  ;  three  days  in  Ireland, 
and  seventeen  days  in  Scotland,  and  visit  the  principal  points  of  interest,  and 
that  at  a  total  cost  of  only  §250.— Albany  Express,  May  17,  1872. 

We  have  perused  with  pleasure  the  first  of  a  series  of  letters,  wherein  the 
writer  speaks  in  high  terms  of  praise  of  the  comforts  and  conveniences  to  be  en- 
joyed by  a  passage  on  one  of  TnE  Anchor  Line  steamships.  This  lkie  has  al- 
ways sustained  an  excellent  reputation.  They  ply  between  New  York  and  Glas- 
gow, that  city  of  such  wonderful  growth  and  wealth,  whose  progress  bids  fair  to 
rival  the  greatest  cities  of  the  world. —  Lochport  Union,  May  17,  1872. 

The  Anchor  Line. 

This  line  of  steamers,  that  sails  from  New  York  every  Wednesday  and  Satur- 
day, is  represented  to  us  as  one  of  the  best  now  plying  across  the  Atlantic.  You 
can  take  one  of  these  steamers  at  New  York,  and  in  six  weeks  be  back  again  after 
having  spent  twenty  days  in  Ireland  and  Scotland.— Raleigh  Sentinel,  May  18, 
1S72. 

The  Anchor  Line  of  Steamships. 

Not  only  are  its  rates  of  fare,  both  for  one  trip  and  for  excursions,  as  reasonable 
as  can  possibly  be  afforded,  but  the  route  taken  allows  the  passenger,  whether  trav- 
elling for  business,  curiosity,  or  health,  to  enjoy  the  trip  and  see  some  of  the  most 
charming  scenery,  and  places  of  most  interesting  historical  note,  to  be  reached 
within  the  distance,  and  for  the  expense  incurred.  The  Anchor  Line  has  a 
reputation  second  to  none  of  the  fine  lines  traversing  the  Atlantic,  and  its  pas- 
sengers can  hardly  fail  to  enjoy  themselves.— Columbus  Enquirer,  May  21,  1872. 

The  Anchor  Line. 

This  line  of  steamers  to  Europe  is  one  of  the  most  safe  and  reliable,  the 
steamers  being  staunch,  fleet,  and  seaworthy,  while  the  officers  are  prudent  and 
careful.  A  steamer  of  this  line  leaves  New  York  every  Wednesday  and  Satur- 
day, and  a  trip  on  any  one  of  them  is  not  only  pleasant,  but  on  the  score  of  econ- 
omy most  desirable. — Mobile  Register,  May  21,  1872. 

A  Trip  to  Ireland  and  Scotland. 

The  Anchor  Line  of  steamers  offers  remarkable  inducements  to  those  who 
wish  to  spend  a  few  weeks  during  the  summer  months,  travelling  for  health  and 
pleasure.  The  company,  assure  the  public  that  a  person  can  go  to  Ireland,  Scot- 
land, and  England,  visit  many  places  of  interest,  and  return  within  sis  weeks  at 
a  cost  of  not  more  than  two  hundred  and  fifty  dollars.  This  is  cheaper  and  better 
than  the  luxuries  of  any  of  the  American  watering-places.—  Luzerne  Union,  May 
22,  1872. 


A  Trip  over  the  Ocean. 

Don  Piatt's  sprightly  Washington  paper,  The  Capital,  is  publishing  a  series 
of  well-written  chapters,  headed  "  A  Trip  to  Ireland  and  Scotland,  with  Notes 
of  some  English  and  German  Watering-Places."  The  writer  very  plainly  and 
convincingly  shows  how  this  trip,  during  the  summer,  can  be  made  in  six  weeks, 
for  two  hundred  and  fifty  dollars  ;  the  trip  over  and  back  being  made  by  the  fast 
and  comfortable  steamships  of  Tue.  Anchor  Line. — Jfyu  Orleans  Picayune,  May 
22,  1872. 

The  agents  for  The  Anchor  Line  of  Transatlantic  steamships,  that  leave 
New  York  every  Wednesday  and  Saturday,  are  publishing  a  series  of  articles  in 
book-form,  designed  to  direct  the  traveller  to  the  places  where  he  most  deeiree 
to  visit.  Some  of  our  people  occasionally  make  such  trips,  and  this  little  work 
may  prove  of  advantage  to  them. — Massillon  {Ohio)  Independent,  May  22,  1872. 

The  Anchor  Line. 

The  vessels  of  The  Anchor  Line  are  unsurpassed  in  all  that  constitutes  a 
good  steamer,  as  parties  in  Schuyler  County  who  have  tried  them  will  testify  ; 
and  persons  desiring  to  cross  the  ocean  themselves,  or  to  bring  over  their  friends, 
cannot  do  better  than  to  patronize  The  Anchor  steamers. —  Watkins  (JK  Y.)  Ex- 
press, May  23,  1872. 

A  Trip  to  Ireland  and  Scotland. 

For  the  sum  of  two  hundred  and  fifty  dollars  a  person  can  go  from  New  York 
and  return,  and  visit  Ireland  and  Scotland,  and  be  absent  six  weeks.  This  is  ac- 
complished only  through  the  extravagantly  low  rates  offered  for  first-class  pas- 
sage on  The  Anchor  Line  of  steamers.  Persons  who  intend  taking  a  trip  to 
some  of  our  crowded  and  hot  watering-places,  there  to  spend  five  or  six  weeks 
and  a  thousand  or  two  dollars,  would  do  well  to  consider  the  advantages  for 
healthful  recreation  offered  by  TnE  Anchor  Line  of  steamers  for  visiting  the 
mountains  of  Scotland  and  Ireland. — Kentucky  Statesman,  May  24,  1872. 

Cheap  Excursion. 

Now  that  every  one,  who  can  do  so,  is  thinking  of  leaving  town  for  the  sum- 
mer, we  are  only  doing  our  duty  as  journalists  in  calling  the  attention  of  our 
readers  to  the  really  splendid  offer  of  Tue  Anchor  Line  Steamship  Company. 
By  taking  an  excursion-ticket,  one  can  go  to  London  via  Glasgow  and  back  for 
§120  currency;  being  conveyed  across  the  ocean  in  comfortable,  well-appointed 
btcamships,  and  booked  by  first-class  conveyances  on  the  other  side.  The  ships 
of  this  line  pass  the  grand  scenery  of  the  north  coast  of  Ireland,  and  a  landing 
may  be  made,  by  those  desiring  it,  at  Moville,  which  is  but  a  short  distance  from 
that  great  geological  wonder,  the  Giant's  Causeway.  Then,  too,  when  at  Glasgow, 
one  is  at  the  starting-point  for  one  of  the  most  delightful  picturesque  trips  that  can 
be  imagined  through  the  Scotch  lakes  and  mountains,  and  among  scenes  of 
historic  and  romantic  interest. — Brooklyn  Advocate,  May  25,  1S72. 

Anchor  Line  Steamers. 

These  are  first-class,  newly-built,  and  handsomely-appointed  steamships. 
The  popularity  of  the  line,  which  is  constantly  growing  in  favor  with  the  travel- 
ling public,  is  shown  in  the  large  patronage  which  it  now  enjoys.  Old  Atlantic 
men,  who  have  crossed  in  the  Cunard,  Allan,  and  Inman  lines,  declare  that  they 
have  never  had  better  accommodation,  nor  a  better  table,  than  arc  supplied  by 
these  floating  palaces. — Charleston  Courier,  June  8,  1872. 

The  Ocean-Ferry. 

We  have  always  viewed  with  suspicion  the  story  of  such  financial  achieve- 
ments as  "  Six  Months  on  Five  Cents,"  and  "  How  to  Live  on  Two  Hundred  x 
Year,"  but  certainly,  a  great  deal  can  be  done  on  a  little  money  well  managed. 
We  know  a  young  fellow  who  recently  crossed  the  Atlantic  in  the  first  cabin  of 
The  Anchor  Line,  spent  a  month  in  Great  Britain,  viewed  her  people,  cities, 
abbeys,  cathedrals,  castles,  lakes,  etc.,  and  returned  to  New  York  for  the  small 
matter  of  §280,  currency. — Albany  Evening  Journal,  June  8,  1872. 

The  Anchor  Line  Steamers. 

Messrs.  Scammell  Brothers,  agents  for  TnE  Anchor  Line  at  this  port,  have 
received  a  circular  from  Ilenderson  Brothers,  of  New  York,  thanking  them  for 
their  contributory  share  of  passengers,  and  trusting  that  by  their  continued 
exertions  the  increased  numbers  will  be  commensurate  with  the  increased  ton- 
nage they  are  constantly  placing  at  their  disposal.  The  growing  popularity  of 
the  line  is  corroborated  by  the  fact  that  the  "  Trinacria,"  which  sailed  from  New 
York  on  the  25th  ult,  earned  the  largest  number  of  passengers  of  an}-  of  the  Brit- 
ish lines  which  sailed  on  that  day;  also,  that  in  the  "  Australia,"  which  sailed 
on  the  1st  inst.,  every  state-room  was  taken  up.  The  "Olympia,"  which  is  ex- 
pected to  arrive  here  direct  to-morrow  or  Monday,  is  announced  to  sail  on  the 
19th  inst.  She  is,  without  doubt,  one  of  the  finest  steamers  crossing  the  Atlan- 
tic. On  the  6th  of  July,  the  "California,"  the  latest  and  finest  addition  to  the 
fleet,  sailed  from  that  port  on  her  first  return-voyage  ;  and  the  "  Trinacria,"  on 


5G 


Til  k  ANCHOR  LINK  OF  STEAM k US. 


the  10th  of  the  same  month.  The  fleet  of  steamers  comprising  this  line  is  now 
one  of  the  finest  afloat.— St.  John  (Sew  Brunswick)  'Tribune,  June  8,  1872. 

Off  for  Scotland. 

Our  well-known  fellow-citizen,  Angus  MacDonald,  Btarts  in  a  day  or  two  to 
visit  his  native  heather,  on  tho  heaths  of  Caledonia.  This  makes  his  seventh 
visit,  and  the  fifteenth  time  across  the  Atlantic  to  his  native  land  ;  on  the  present 
trip  he  will  be  accompanied  by  John  L.  Stuart,  William  Rich,  George  Griffin, 
and  probably  one  or  two  other  gentlemen.  The  party  have  engaged  passage  in 
one  of  the  staunch  and  safe  steamers  of  The  Anchor  Line,  which  leaves  New  York 
every  Wednesday  and  Saturday.  This  line,  from  the  well-known  safety  of  its 
vessels,  and  the  care  and  accommodation  shown  to  passengers,  has  become  one  of 
the  most  popular  lines  crossing  the  Atlantic. — lioeltester  Democrat,  June  11,  1872. 

The  Anchor  Line  of  Steamers. 

The  truly  wonderful  success  of  The  Anchor  Like  of  steamers  is  unparalleled 
in  the  history  of  ocean-navigation.  Commencing  in  1803  with  three  steamers, 
they  have  now  a  fleet  of  thirty-six  of  the  hest  steamers  that  float  the  ocean,  form- 
ing, as  it  were,  the  groat  ocean-ferry  between  Europe  and  America;  and  this  re- 
sult has  been  attained  just  as  similar  results  are  obtained  in  all  business  matters, 
by  honorable  and  fair  dealing,  and  earnest  endeavor  to  anticipate  and  meet  the 
wants  of  the  travelling  public.  Their  steamers  rank  with  the  best  in  every  par- 
ticular; and,  while  fitted  up  in  the  most  luxurious  manner,  are  manned  by  tried 
men  of  experience  and  ability. —  WMimantic  (Conn.)  Journal,  June  14,  1872. 

Anchor  Line. 

The  "  California,"  the  latest  addition  to  this  line,  will  arrive  at  this  port  in  a 
few  days  ;  a  proof  of  the  desire  and  ambition  of  the  managers  to  provide  for  t  heir 
patrons  one  of  tho  finest  vessels  of  her  class  in  the  Transatlantic  trade. — New 
York  Nautical  Gazette,  June  15,  1872. 

How  to  spend  the  Summer. 

To  those  contemplating  a  trip  over  the  ocean,  we  would  direct  their  attention 
to  the  celebrated  Anchor  Line  steamers,  constituting  the  great  ocean-ferry  be- 
tween Europe  and  America,  and,  by  special  arrangement  with  railway-companies, 
furnish  their  passengers,  when  desired,  with  through-tickets  to  and  from  any 
railway  station  in  the  world.  The  advantages  offered  to  passengers  by  this  line 
are,  economy,  best  accommodation,  best  living,  greatest  amount  of  comfort, 
security,  and  safety  attainable. — Macon  (67a.)  Telegraph,  June  18,  1872. 

The  Anchor  Line  of  Steamers. 

Steamers  of  this  line  leave  New  York  every  Wednesday  and  Saturday  ;  book 
and  forward  passengers  to  and  from  any  seaport  or  railway-station  in  Great 
Britain,  Ireland,  Germany,  Norway,  Sweden,  and  Denmark,  when  desired,  thus 
relieving  them  of  great  trouble,  loss  of  time,  and  expense.  At  present,  TnE 
Anchor  Line  possesses  one  of  the  finest  fleets  of  steamers  in  the  world,  compris- 
ing now  thirty-six  staunch  A 1  steamships,  well  supplied  with  every  accommo- 
dation and  convenience  for  passengers.  The  tables  of  these  steamers  are  most 
liberally  supplied  with  all  necessaries  except  wines  and  liquors,  which  can  be 
obtained  on  board  at  moderate  prices.  The  advantages  offered  to  passengers  by 
this  line  are,  economy,  best  accommodation,  best  living,  greatest  amount  of  com- 
fort, security,  and  safety  attainable. — Augusta  (Ga.)  Constitutionalist.  June  18, 
1872. 

Bound  for  Europe. 

Probably  more  Americans  are  leaving  the  country  this  summer  to  make 
"the  European  tour"  than  ever  before,  the  low  rates  of  passage  and  the  cheap- 
ness of  tho  trip,  compared  with  the  high  cost  of  even  a  short  tour  among  the 
watering-places  and  sea-side  resorts  on  this  side,  being  strong  inducements  for 
a  trip  across  the  ocean-ferry. — Boston  Traveller,  June  20,  1872. 

Another  Ocean-Balace— The  "  Olympia"  of  the  Anchor  Line— A  Marvel  of 
Marine  Beauty,  Elegance,  and  Comfort. 

The  new  steamship  "  Olympia,"  sister  to  the  magnificent  steamer  "  Trinacria," 
is  the  latest  addition  to  the  superb  Transatlantic  fleet  of  The  Anchor  Line  Steam- 
ship Company,  and  is  expected  to  arrive  in  a  few  days  at  this  port  from  Glasgow. 

The  "  Olympia"  was  built  by  Messrs.  Duncan  &  Company,  of  Port-Glasgow. 
Her  length  is  30G  feet,  breadth  of  beam  34  feet,  depth  of  hold  22  feet;  and  she  is 
2,291  tons,  old  measurement.  Her  passenger  accommodations  aro  of  the  most 
ample  nature.  In  her  first-class  cabin  are  state-rooms  for  75  travellers,  while  her 
second  cabin  will  comfortably  berth  150  persons,  and  the  intermediate,  05.  The 
grand  saloon  is  almost  tho  width  of  the  ship,  and  is  fitted  in  luxuriant  style. 
There  are  pianos,  a  library,  and  any  number  of  mirrors  to  embellish  the  apart- 
ment, and  but  few  steamships  that  visit  this  harbor  that  aro  better  provided  in 
velvet  caipets  and  easy  sofas,  smoking-rooms,  ladies'  cabins,  and  bath-rooms ; 
and  places  of  toilet  number  a  dozen  or  more,  and  these  are  furnished  in  good 
style. 


llcr  machinery  is  of  the  most  approved  pattern.  The  cylinders  are  C8  inches 
in  diameter,  and  stroke  of  piston  three  feet  six  inches.  In  boiler  capacity  she 
excels,  and,  in  matter  of  provision  against  fire,  no  vessel  was  ever  better  provided 
than  she. 

The  steerage  of  this  vessel  will  accommodate  500  passengers.  It  is  light  and 
pleasant  in  this  department;  and,  under  tho  well-known  regulations  of  the 
company,  the  passengers  lack  nothing  that  tends  to  make  an  Atlantic  voyage 
agreeable. 

The  "Olympia"  is  also  provided  with  electric  communication  from  each 
state-room  to  the  chief  steward's  office,  so  that  passengers  may  at  any  moment 
summon  attendance  without  even  moving  from  their  berths.  It  is  evident  that 
The  Anchor  Line  has  resolved  not  to  be  surpassed  in  their  accommodations  for 
their  patrons,  and  are  showing  the  Inman  and  other  lines  how  to  run  a  steam- 
ship-line, precisely  as  the  Yankees  show  Europeans  how  to  run  palace-cars  and 
hotels. — Evening  Telegram,  June  20,  1872. 

A  New  Anchor  Line  Steamer— The  "  Olympia." 

Messrs.  Henderson  Brothers  have  placed  upon  their  steamship  line  another 
new  steamer,  named  tho  "  Olympia."  She  carries  two  engines,  a  large  and  a 
small  one.  Her  machinery  is  of  the  most  improved  kind,  and  contains  all  tho 
latest  attractions  and  improvements.  Her  engines  are  compound  direct-acting. 
Electric  communication  connects  the  state-rooms  with  the  steward's  department. 
Her  saloon  is  arranged  on  a  different  principle  from  other  passenger-boats.  The 
breadth  of  the  ship  is  the  length  of  the  saloon,  so  that  the  side-windows  look  out 
to  sea,  and  afford  ample  light  and  ventilation. 

Tho  tables  are  arranged  in  four  rows,  and  capable  of  accommodating  about 
100  passengers. 

The  finishing  and  furnishing  of  the  saloon  and  state-rooms  are  beautiful.  The 
lamps,  miiTOrs,  piano,  carpets,  couches,  and  sideboards,  are  elegant  and  most  sub- 
stantial, and  have  been  all  made  expressly  for  the  company. 

Messrs.  Henderson  Brothers  have  made  The  Anchor  Line  as  popular  as  any 
crossing  the  Atlantic.  Their  entire  fleet  now  numbers  near  forty  steamers.  Tho 
prices  of  passage  are  lower  than  those  of  any  other  line,  and  their  accommoda- 
tions in  every  respect  excellent. — New  York  Standard,  June  20,  1872. 

Ocean-Travel. 

In  these  days  when  so  many  Americans  are  voyaging  to  Europe,  it  is  well  to 
consider  carefully  ere  selecting  the  boat.  Our  Mr.  V.  has  tried  this  line,  and  can 
most  cordially  recommend  it  and  its  officers  to  the  travelling  pub'no.  Will  our 
friends,  who  think  of  making  the  trip  to  Europe,  please  make  a  note  of  this? — 
Henry  County  Press,  June  21,  1872. 

Cheap  Trips  to  Europe. 

It  is  npt  surprising  that  thousands  of  good  Americans  should  go  to  Paris  be- 
fore they  die,  when  they  find  that  tho  expense  of  crossing  the  ocean  in  a  lino 
steamship  is  reduced,  by  competition,  to  an  insignificant  sum.  The  Cunarders, 
trusting  to  their  reputation,  keep  up  their  high  prices,  but  other  lines,  equally 
comfortable  and  safe,  run  at  much  lower  rates.  The  Anchor  Line,  for  instance, 
charges  only  $120  currency  for  the  trip  from  New  York  to  Liverpool  and  back  ; 
the  tickets  being  good  for  twelve  months.  The  Anchor  Line  of  steamers  are 
luxuriously  fitted  up,  and  are  commanded  by  thorough  seamen. —  Charleston 
Courier,  June  22,  1872. 

Why  not  go  across  the  Sea  * 

The  question  is  proposed  to  not  over-rich  ministers,  and  not  very  wealthy 
teachers.  It  is  a  question  of  money  and  time,  but  both  are  so  modified,  lately, 
that  you  who  never  dreamed  of  going  may  get  ready  and  go  now.  Can  you  spaf  o 
two  months,  and  can  you  possibly  raise  $275?  As  to  time— will  not  your  pcoplo 
give  you  a  month,  even  if  you  do  not  go  to  Europe  ?— and  will  you  not  be  further 
ahead  in  work  and  health  if  you  add  a  month  to  your  usual  vacation?  As  to 
money,  the  very  statement  of  the  ease  will  induce  some  good  friend  to  aid  you  to 
that. 

The  fact  is,  European  trips  cost  too  much,  and  far  more  than  is  necessary. 
The  Anchor  Line  Company  offer  to  sell  round-trip  tickets  to  Liverpool,  Glas- 
gow, and  London,  for  $120  in  currency,  which  is  a  reduction  from  their  regular 
rates.  The  vessels  are  finely  appointed,  safe,  fast,  and  well  officered.  The  rush 
to  Europe  is  very  great  this  year,  and  is  explained  partly  by  the  inducements 
given  by  this  line.  Tho  hurried  traveller  can  get  all  information,  maps,  and  an 
itinerary  before  he  starts,  and,  becauso  he  proceeds  methodically,  he  is  enabled  to 
run  about  tho  British  Islands,  and  see  in  a  month,  and  for  a  comparatively  small 
sum,  that  which  he  never  has  hoped  to  behold.  A  very  limited  addition  to  tho 
time  and  expense  will  include  much  of  the  continent  in  the  rapid  because  well- 
arranged  trip.  This  is  written  in  the  presence  of  proof  of  facts  which  wc  havo 
not  space  to  here  reproduce.  The  company  offers  these  inducements  just  now 
because  the  summer  vacation  is  about  to  rcleaso  hundreds  of  teachers  from  their 
work.  Tho  agents  at  324  Wabash  Avcnuo,  Chicago,  or  7  Bowling  Green, 
New  York,  will  show  plans  of  state-rooms  and  give  all  particulars.  The  an- 
nouncement is  here  given,  not  as  a  mere  advertisement,  but  in  hopes  of  induc- 
ing many  a  tired  teacher  and  overworked  minister  to  try  English  or  Scotch  air. 
— Northwestern  Christian  Advocate,  June  20,  1872. 


THE  ANCHOR  LINE  OF  STEAMERS. 


57 


Off  for  Europe. 

The  rush  of  Americans  to  Europe  for  a  vacation  breathing-spell  is  greater 
this  year  than  ever  before.  Among  them  are  a  great  many  Chicagoans  who  had 
very  little  idea,  about  the  10th  of  last  October,  that  (hey  should  be  travelling  in 
Europe  within  a  twelvemonth  !  But  one  can  do  more  work  in  tea  months,  with 
a  two  months'  rest,  than  in  twelve  months  without  any  let-up.  And,  besides 
that,  it  is  about  as  cheap  to  go  to  Europe  as  to  stay  at  home  !  Take,  for  instance, 
the  programme  of  a  trip,  for  which  the  agents  of  Tue  Anchor  Line  of  steamships 
are  now  selling  the  tickets.  It  consumes  seventy-four  days — twenty-two  on  the 
ocean,  going  and  coming,  gives  a  week  in  Ireland,  another  week  in  London,  live 
or  six  days  in  Paris,  and  a  delightful  sight-seeing  trip  through  Scotland,  Eng- 
land, Belgium,  Germany,  Franc?,  Switzerland,  etc.  Travelling-fares,  hotel-bills, 
fees  for  sight-seeing,  and,  indeed,  all  necessary  expenses  for  a  trip  in  good  style 
are  covered  by  a  charge  of  §475  in  gold  for  the  round  trip  from  New  York  !  It 
would  not  take  half  as  long  to  use  that  up  at  Saratoga  or  Long  Branch.  The  first 
party  leaves  New  York  on  Saturday,  July  13th,  by  the  fast  steamer  "  Australia," 
of  the  popular  Anchor  Line,  and  over  half  the  number  was  made  up  some  days 
ago.  The  agents  of  The  Anchor  Line  in  this  city  are  Messrs.  Henderson  Broth- 
ers, 324  Wabash  Avenue,  who  will  give  further  particulars  concerning  this  excur- 
sion.— Chicago  Advance,  June  27,  1872. 

How  Europe  may  bs  "done"  with  Perfect  Satisfaction. 

A  grand  excursion-party  will  leave  New  York  by  the  elegant  and  fast  steamer 
'•  Australia,"  of  the  well-known  Anchor  Line,  on  Saturday,  July  13th.  Landing 
at  Londonderry,  the  party  will  be  met  by  Messrs.  Cook  &  Son,  and  conducted 
over  the  route  through  Great  Britain  and  Ireland,  which  will  consume  twenty- 
six  days ;  the  Continent,  twenty-six  days,  the  voyage  across  and  back  taking 
but  twenty -two  days;  total  time,  seventy -four  days.  The  principal  cities, 
towns,  and  places  of  interest  to  the  traveller  in  the  countries  passed  through, 
will  be  visited.  All  this  can  be  accomplished,  the  traveller  relieved  of  all 
worry  or  responsibility,  for  the  very  moderate  sum  of  $475  in  gold.  Mr.  E.  M. 
Jenkins,  of  Alleghany  City,  Pa.,  is  the  organizer  of  this  excursion  in  conjunction 
with  Messrs.  Thomas  Cook  &  Son,  the  celebrated  excursionists,  of  No.  9S  Fleet 
Street,  London.  Mr.  Jenkins  holds  the  position  of  cashier  of  the  National  Bank 
of  Alleghany,  and  refers  to  any  of  the  banks  or  prominent  business-men  of 
Pittsburg  or  Alleghany  in  regard  to  his  standing,  while  Messrs.  Cook  &  Son 
are  known  to  thousands  of  Americans  who  have  visited  Europe,  and  travelled 
under  their  system.  The  inducements  offered  by  the  projectors  of  the  excursion 
are  obvious,  particularly  to  those  persons  whose  time,  or  purse,  or  both,  are 
limited.  The  round  trip  on  the  steamer,  of  which  a  choice  is  given,  is  only  $120, 
payable  in  United  States  currency. 

The  Anchor  Line  possesses  one  of  the  finest  fleets  of  steamers  in  the  world, 
and  in  ten  years,  by  its  energy  and  enterprise,  has  grown  from  three  steamers  to 
thirty-six.  It  offers  great  advantages  by  way  of  economy,  excellent  accommoda- 
tions, and  the  best  of  living ;  and  also  from  the  fact  that,  by  its  arrangements 
with  subsidiary  and  connecting  lines  of  steamboats  and  railroads,  passengers 
are  booked,  with  ccmpon  tickets,  to  and  from  any  seaport  or  railroad  station  in  the 
world. 

For  further  information  apply  to  or  address  Henderson  Brothers,  7  Bowl- 
ing Green,  New  York ;  or  324  Wabash  Avenue,  Chicago,  agents  for  The  Anchor 
Line  of  Ocean-Steamships. — Chicago  Interior,  June  27,  1872. 

Away  over  ths  Sea. 

Our  people  are  on  the  move  as  never  before.  A  voyage  to  Europe,  and  a  run 
over  the  islands  and  the  Continent,  is  now  a  common  affair,  and  thousands  are 
leaving  our  States  every  week  on  this  fashionable  tour.  How  to  get  there  in  the 
quickest,  most  pleasant,  and  cheapest  way,  is  a  matter  which  interests  so  many 
of  our  readers  that  we  propose  to  devote  a  brief  space  to  the  subject.  A  party 
has  just  left  us,  under  the  general  direction  of  Prof.  Boise,  of  the  University, 
and  has  taken  one  of  the  splendid  steamers  of  The  Anchor  Line,  which  is  a  great 
favorite  with  Chicago  voyagers  who  have  been  borne  over  the  ocean  and  back  again 
by  some  of  these  unrivalled  ships.  These  steamers  are  pronounced  by  all  to  be 
first  class  in  every  respect,  fast,  safe,  reliable,  splendidly  appointed,  and  in 
charge  of  officers  of  experience  and  ability — in  fact,  combining  all  the  requisites 
of  comfort,  economy,  and  speed.  Its  connections  on  both  sides  of  the  Atlantic 
are  such  that  every  facility  is  offered  the  traveller  for  reaching  his  destination 
with  the  least  possible  loss  of  time.  So  rapid  is  the  transit  by  this  line  that  two 
months'  absence  will  enable  one  to  see  a  great  deal  of  the  Old  World,  and  to 
make  himself  familiar  with  localities  which  he  only  now  knows  as  a  part  of 
history.  Only  think  of  making  the  tour  of  "  England,  Scotland,  and  Ireland," 
at  a  cost  of  about  $270  !  Mr.  E.  N.  Lamont  gives  us  a  mvst  attractive  description 
of  what  can  be  seen  and  done  in  such  a  "  run,"  and  it  is  enough  to  make  one 
wish  to  be  off  at  once. 

The  time  of  such  a  tour  would  be  divided  about  as  follows  :  Twenty  days  on 
the  ocean,  going  and  returning ;  five  days  in  Ireland,  twenty-five  in  London  and 
other  parts  of  England,  and  ten  in  Scotland ;  or  ten  might  be  taken  for  a  run 
over  to  Paris  and  some  of  the  other  principal  places  on  the  Continent.  A  si<riit 
of  the  "lions"  of  London,  and  of  the  magnificent  scenery  of  Scotland,  alone  is 
worth  making  such  a  trip  for,  and  all  it  will  cost. 
8 


Already  possessing  "  one  of  the  first  fleets  of  steamers  in  the  world,"  the 
proprietors  of  The  Anchor  Line  are  putting  on  this  season's  travel  what  they 
term  "Express  Passenger  Steamers" — magnificently  equipped — even  out- 
doing their  former  efforts  to  meet  the  wants  of  the  travelling  public  in  the  best 
manner.  The  great  popularity  of  this  line  may  bo  judged  from  the  fact  that  its 
"fleet"  has  increased  from  three  steamers  in  1803  to  thirty-six  in  1872.  This 
of  itself  shows  that  the  liberal  policy  pursued  and  the  unwearied  endeavors  to 
afford  the  best  possible  accommodations  on  the  most  reasonable  terms  have 
proved  eminently  successful — as  such  energy  and  enterprise,  combined  with 
liberality  and  courtesy,  as  the  managers  have  displayed,  are  always  sure  to  be.  A 
trip  to  Europe  and  back  again,  with  choice  of  steamers  and  berths,  for  one  hun- 
dred and  twenty  dollars  !  We  remember  very  well  when  the  voyage  one  way 
cost  five  hundred,  and  the  steamers  were  far  inferior  every  way  to  those  of  the 
present  day. 

Messrs.  Henderson  Brothers,  at  324  Wabash  Avenue,  are  agents  for  Chicago 
for  this  magnificent  line  of  steam  packet-ships,  at  whose  office  those  proposing 
to  make  the  over-ocean  trip  will  find  a  courteous  reception,  and  can  obtain  ail 
desired  information. —  Chicago  Standard,  June  27,  1872. 

Excursions  to  Europe. 

Never  before  were  there  such  opportunities  to  go  to  Europe.  The  famous 
Anchor  Line  furnishes  tickets  to  go  and  return  for  $120,  the  round  trip,  and  for 
$270  one  can  go  from  New  York  to  Great  Britain,  spend  a  month  in  travelling 
there,  and  return.  Could  a  thirty  days'  vacation  be  spent  as  well  or  as  cheap  in 
any  other  manner?  Or,  still  better,  The  Anchor  Line  steamer  "Australia" 
will  start  on  the  13th  of  July,  and  enable  its  voyagers  to  visit  England,  Scotland, 
Germany,  Ireland,  Belgium,  Switzerland,  and  France,  for  about  $500,  all  ex- 
penses paid.  Application  to  Henderson  Brothers,  324  Wabash  Avenue,  will 
inform  those  interested  of  the  details  of  a  trip  of  almost  any  length,  and  every 
dollar  of  the  expenses  will  be  understood  and  settled  by  contract  before  starting, 
fare,  etc.,  to  be  in  exact  accordance  with  the  customs  of  the  country  visited. 
The  boats  are  luxurious,  equal  to  first-elass  hotels,  and  the  fare  unexceptionable. 
The  "  Trinacria"  is  of  iron,  306  feet  long,  34  broad,  and  22  deep.  Her  engines 
are  of  424  horse-power,  and  she  registers  1,437  tons,  accommodating  700  passen- 
gers. Her  accommodations  are  excellent,  throughout.  On  her  return  last  year 
her  passengers  presented  an  address  to  the  captain,  in  the  course  of  which  they 
say  :  "  On  board  the  splendid  ship  that  has  been  placed  under  your  command, 
we  have  enjoyed  every  comfort  during  our  voyage,  and  have  no  hesitation  in 
saying  that  the  accommodation,  the  table,  and  the  attendance  on  board  the 
'  Trinacria,'  are  not  surpassed  by  any  other  line  on  the  Atlantic.  It  will  be 
gratifying  to  you  to  know  that  the  officers  of  the  ship  have  also  earned  the  re- 
spect and  confidence  of  all  the  passengers  by  their  efforts  to  promote  our  happi- 
ness, and  b}'  the  ready  and  obliging  manner  in  which  they  acceded  to  our  every 
wish." 

Some  one  of  these  splendid  boats  sails  every  Wednesday  and  Saturday  of  each 
week,  from  pier  20  North  Eiver,  New  York.  Among  the  reasons  why  this  route 
should  be  preferred  are  these  : 

Because  it  grants  unequalled  facilities  to  all  classes  of  travellers.  Because  by 
it  you  combine  comfort  and  economy  with  speed.  Because  all  the  modern  ap- 
pliances for  rendering  travel  pleasant  are  found  on  the  steamers  of  this  flourish- 
ing and  obliging  line.  Because  express  passenger  steamers,  branch  lines,  tribu- 
tary connections  with  steamboats  and  railroads,  the  quickest  time,  and  at  the 
lowest  rates,  are  characteristic  of  this  line.  Because,  by  its  arrangements  with 
subsidiary  and  connecting  lines  of  steamboats  and  railroads,  passengers  are 
booked,  with  coupon  tickets,  to  and  from  any  seaport  or  railroad  station  in  the 
world.  Because,  The  Anchor  Line  Ocean  Ferry  being  the  most  direct,  pleasant, 
and  desirable  route  to  and  from  Ireland,  business-men,  pleasure-seekers,  and  the 
travelling  public,  have  an  assurance  of  time  saved  and  comfort  secured.  Be- 
cause it  is  the  only  line  running  express  passenger  steamers  in  and  from  New 
York,  and  all  parts  of  Ireland,  via  Londonderry,  Queenstown,  Glasgow,  Liver- 
pool, etc. 

To  read  .over  these  extraordinary  facilities,  and  contrast  their  comfort  and 
cheapness  with  what  we  experienced  when,  "  twenty  years  ago,  Tom,"  we  made 
the  tour,  makes  us  long  to  break  our  scissors,  kick  over  the  paste-pot,  and  seek 
respite  from  editorial  care  in  a  run  through  Europe.  If  Fortune  does  so  smile 
that  we  can  once  more  look  on  the  land  beyond  the  sea,  we  shall  assuredly  go  by 
The  Anchor  Line. 

Will  all  those,  who  intend  to  devote  thirty  or  sixty  days  and  three  to  five 
hundred  dollars  to  a  vacation,  look  over  the  merits  of  TnE  Anchor  Line?— New 
Covenant,  Chicago,  June  27,  1S72. 

Summer  Vacations. 

"What  shall  we  do,  where  shall  we  go,  for  our  vacation  ? "  is  the  question 
many  an  overworked  clergyman,  many  a  weary  teacher,  is  asking  over  and  over 
again  these  hot  June  days.  The  limited  bank  account  of  most  of  us  makes  the 
question  of  expense  one  of  the  first  moment.  Time,  too,  must  enter  into  the 
account,  for  terms  begin,  whether  the  scattered  "mentors"  are  in  their  place  or 
not;  congregations  claim  the  presence  of  their  own  paster,  as  soon  as  they 
themselves  are  back  in  their  accustomed  places. 


5S 


THE  ANCHOR  LINE  OF  STEAMERS. 


Some  of  us  instinclively  turn  toward  the  sea;  visions  of  blue  waters  and 
wliito  sails,  of  moonlit  billows  turned  to  vistas  of  gleaming  gold,  float  through 
our  imagination,  and  then  beyond  the  sea  lie  the  "enchanted  fields"  of  that 
country  we  call  "  Old  ;"  where  London  and  Paris  beckon  us  to  view  their  swarm- 
ing millions,  their  royal  palaces,  their  treasuries  of  art  and  beauty;  where  the 
grand  cathedrals  bid  us  enter  and  know  that  "  The  Lord  is  in  His  Holy  Temple  ;" 
where  Stratford-on-Avon,  and  Abbotsford,  and  other  homes  of  celebrated  men, 
swarm  thick  with  memories  of  the  past,  and  associations  of  the  present. 

If  we  might  only  visit  these  familiar  scenes,  well  known  and  yet  to  most  of 
us  unknown ! 

Is  the  vision  all  an  unreality,  its  realization  an  impossibility  ?  Ferhaps  not 
so  unreal  after  all.  We  received  some  circulars  the  other  day  that  seem  to  bring 
within  the  reach  of  most,  even  of  those  who  are  not  rich  in  money,  nor  over- 
burdened with  leisure,  the  coveted  opportunity. 

In  the  first  place  comes  one  from  Henderson  Brothers,  agents  of  The  AxcnoR 
Live  of  steamers,  offering  tickets  for  a  trip  to  Europe  and  return,  with  choice  of 
steamers  and  berths,  for  §120  in  currency.  Their  vessels  are  all  new,  and  complete 
in  every  respect  that  can  secure  safety  and  comfort.  For  $270,  a  month  can  be 
spent  in  England,  Ireland,  and  Scotland,  and  thus  a  seven  weeks'  vacation  be 
enjoyed  at  a  cost  of  $5  per  day. 

In  connection  with  the  same  line,  Mr.  E.  M.  Jenkins  sends  another  circu- 
lar. His  arrangement  provides,  for  the  excursionists,  first-class  steamships,  rail- 
ways, and  hotels.  Meals  and  accommodations  to  be  in  accordance  with  the  cus- 
toms of  the  country,  viz.:  Great  Britain  and  Ireland,  meat  breakfast;  dinner; 
plain  tea;  bedrooms,  lights,  and  attendance.  Continent:  meat  breakfast;  din- 
ner at  table  d'hute,  with  or  without  wine,  as  the  custom  of  the  hotel;  bedrooms, 
lights,  and  attendance,  including  also  porterage,  omnibuses  to  and  from  stations 
and  hotels,  boats  and  ponies  at  Killarney,  carriages  to  Abbotsford,  Pass  of  Glen- 
coe,  and  battle-field  of  Waterloo,  fees  for  sight-seeing,  as  per  programme  to  be 
drawn  up  by  conductor  at  each  place  vbited,  and  for  the  personal  conducting 
of  the  party  the  whole  round,  $475  gold.  $50  when  name  is  enrolled  and  berth 
allotted,  $100  before  sailing,  balance  £G5  can  be  paid  in  Ireland. — The  Diocese  of 
Illinois,  July,  1872. 

The  New  Steamship  "California." 

The  Axonon  Line's  new  steamship  "California"  will  be  thrown  open  to 
the  inspection  of  a  number  of  invited  guests,  this  afternoon,  at  pier  No.  20 
North  River.  Her  dimensions  are:  Length,  360  feet;  breadth,  40  feet;  depth, 
31i  feet ;  tonnage,  3,400  tons  ;  highest  class  at  Lloyd's  and  at  Liverpool.  She  is 
fitted  with  compound  engines  of  500  horse-power,  with  steam-eranes  for  loading 
and  discharging,  and  with  all  the  newest  improvements  and  appliances.  Among 
these,  probably  the  most  noteworthy  is  the  patent  steam  steering-apparatus,  by 
which  a  single  man  is  enabled  to  do  the  duty  which  formerly  required  half  a 
dozen.  It  works  with  such  ease  and  rapidity  that  the  rudder  can  be  shifted 
from  hard  a-port  to  hard  a-starboard  in  less  than  a  minute.  The  "  California" 
has  six  boilers  and  18  furnaces,  and  is  built  to  accommodate  150  saloon  and  900 
steerage  passengers.  Her  fittings  are  most  elegant,  and  the  saloon  is  espe- 
cially luxurious  and  tasteful. — N.  Y.  Commercial  Advertiser,  July  2,  1872. 

Another  Floating  Palace. 

The  Anchor  Line  have  recently  added  to  their  imperial  fleet  a  Clyde-built 
vessel  of  the  largest  tonnage.  The  great  increase  in  the  passenger-traffic  between 
New  York  and  Glasgow  has  rendered  the  present  Anchor  steam  fleet  almost  in- 
adequate for  the  demands  on  them.  The  enterprising  owners  of  The  Anchor 
Line  have,  therefore,  resolved  to  add  to  their  fleet  ships  of  the  largest  class, 
and  of  these  the  "  California"  is  the  first. — New  York  Evening  Telegram,  July  2, 
1872. 

Th3  "Eureka"  of  the  Atlantic. 

The-  now  steamship  "California,"  the  latest  addition  to  the  already  extensive 
fleet  of  The  Anchor  Line,  is  now  in  port,  and  she  is,  beyond  doubt,  one  of  the 
finest  specimens  of  naval  architecture  afloat.  Every  arrangement  has  been 
made,  and  oomfort  provided,  which  experience  and  capital  could  supply  in  order 
to  make  this  steamer  one  of  the  most  complete  vessels  employed  in  the  Atlantic 
trade.—  New  York  Bulletin,  July  8,  1872. 

The  Anchor  Line 

Exhibits  a  record  of  progress  and  prosperity  scarcely  paralleled  by  any  other 
company  in  the  world. — New  York  Shipping  and  Commercial  List,  July  3, 1872. 

The  "California," 

A  scrcw-steamor,  now  loading  at  pier  No.  20  N.  E.,  for  her  return  Trans 
atlantic  trip,  was  built  by  Stephens  &  Son,  Glasgow,  Scotland,  for  The  Anchor 
Line,  at  a  cost  of  about  $375,000,  and  is  the  second  of  a  fleet  of  seven  steamers 
in  course  of  construction  for  this  line,  at  a  total  cost  of  £500,000  sterling.  She  is 
of  3,400  tons  capacity,  300  feet  in  length,  40  feet  beam,  and  32  feet  0  inches  in 
depth.  She  has  compound  engines  of  500  horse-power,  with  cylinders  of  57 
inches  and  108  inches  diametor  respectively.  She  has  6  boilers  and  18  furnaces, 
und,  among  other  improvements,  her  steering-apparatus  is  operated  by  steam, 


the  valves  being  opened  and  closed  by  the  action  of  the  helmsman. — N.  Y.  Tri- 
bune, Julyi,  1872. 

Another  New  Steamship. 

Tee  Anchor  Line's  new  steamship  "  California"  was  thrown  open  to  tho  in- 
spection of  a  number  of  invited  guests  yesterday  afternoon,  at  pier  No.  20  North 
River.  Her  dimensions  are :  length,  3C0  feet ;  breadth,  40  feet ;  depth,  32i  feet ; 
tonnage,  3,400  tons ;  highest  class  at  Lloyd's  and  at  Liverpool.  She  is  fitted 
with  compound  engines  of  500  horse-power,  witli  steam-cranes  for  loading  and 
discharging,  and  with  all  the  newest  improvements  and  appliances.  Among 
these,  probably  the  most  noteworthy  is  the  patent  steam  steering-apparatus,  by 
which  a  single  man  is  enabled  to  do  the  duty  which  formerly  would  have  required 
half  a  dozen.  It  works  with  such  ease  and  rapidity,  that  the  rudder  can  be  shifted 
from  hard  a-port  to  hard  a-starboard  in  less  than  a  minute.  The  "  California" 
has  six  boilers  and  eighteen  furnaces,  and  is  built  to  accommodate  150  saloon  and 
900  steerage  passengers.  Her  fittings  are  most  elegant,  and  the  salocn  is  espe- 
cially luxurious  and  tasteful.— A<ttJ  York  Star,  July  4,  1872. 

The  New  Steamship  "California." 

A  large  number  of  invited  guests  assembled  at  wharf  No.  20  North  River, 
yesterday,  at  five  o'clock,  r.  M.,  to  inspect  the  new  steamer  "California,"  of 
The  Anchor  Line,  recently  completed,  and  about  to  make  her  first  voyage  from 
New  York  to  Glasgow.  The  appointments  were  perfect,  and  the  company  which 
took  upon  themselves  the  task  of  inspection  pronounced  the  steamer  first  class, 
and  well  fitted  for  a  comfortable  voyage  across  the  Atlantic.  A  splendid  colla- 
tion was  served  on  board,  of  which  the  numerous  guests  partook  with  satisfac- 
tion. Numerous  toasts  were  offered,  which  were  appropriately  responded  to. 
— New  York  Times,  Julyi,  1872. 

The  Anchor  Line 

Comprises  some  of  the  finest  vessels  in  the  Transatlantic  service,  tnd  their  pas- 
sengers are  to  be  seen  in  all  parts  of  this  country  "  from  St.  John  to  the  Eio 
Grande" — and  has  now  given  us,  in  the  '•  California,"  the  most  honest  and 
noble  steamer  that  has  ever  come  into  this  river.  Her  passenger  accommodation 
for  the  various  classes  is  all  that  can  be  desired. — New  York  Standard,  July  4, 
1872. 

An  Ocean  Hotel. 

The  magnificent  steamer  "  California"  is  tho  first  of  a  new  and  larger  class  of 
steamers  which  the  increasing  trade  between  this  port  and  Glasgow  has  obliged 
the  owners  of  this  line  to  build.  She  will  be  followed  by  tho  "  Victoria,"  already 
launched,  and  the  "Bolivia,"  "Ethiopia,"  "Utopia,"  "  Castalia,"  and  "Italia," 
which  are  well  under  way  in  tho  builders'  bauds,  at  Glasgow.  Every  part  of  the 
new  steamer  was  thrown  open  to  visitors  yesterday,  and  duly  inspected  and  ad- 
mired.— New  York  World,  Julyi,  1872. 

The  New  Anchor  Line  Transatlantic  Fleet. 

The  progress  which  The  ANcnoR  Line  has  made,  and  still  continues  to  make 
in  popular  estimation  and  substantial  prosperity,  is  proved  by  tho  additions 
which  have  been  made  to  its  fleet  of  steamships.  It  is  found,  too,  that,  even  with 
their  help,  the  business  of  the  line  can  only  be  met  by  having  a  yet  larger  num- 
ber of  vessels,  some  of  which  are  now  in  course  of  construction  on  the  Clyde. 
The  most  recent  accession  to  the  service  is  tho  "  California,"  which  arrived  in 
this  port  last  Friday,  after  a  very  satisfactory  voyage. — Scottish- American  Jour- 
nal, July  i,  1872. 

The  New  Anchor  Line. 

The  passenger  and  other  traffic  between  Glasgow  and  New  York  having  so 
greatly  and  rapidly  increased  within  the  past  few  years,  Messrs.  Handyside  & 
Henderson  determined  to  render  The  Ancuor  Line,  of  which  they  arc  the  own- 
ers, fully  adequate  to  any  demands  made  upon  it.  The  "  California"  is  the  first 
of  a  powerful  licet  which  will  carry  The  Anchor  Flag,  to  be  finished  within  the 
present  year.  Already  the  public  have  recognized  the  efforts  of  her  owners  to 
secure  the  comfort  of  passengers.  Next  Saturday  the  "California"  will  sail, 
anel  last  Tuesday  evory  berth  in  the  cabin  was  engaged. — New  York  Witness, 
July  i,  1872. 

The  Anchor  Line. 

It  is  pleasant  to  record  a  genuine  success  won  by  thrift,  and  enterprise,  and 
pluck.  The  Anchor  Line  of  steamships,  whose  vessels  now  are  on  every  ocean, 
carrying  its  fame  to  all  quarters  of  the  globe,  had  but  three  steamers  afloat  in 
1803 :  last  year  this  number  had  been  increased  to  thirty-six  The  rapid  increase 
in  the  business  of  tho  line,  caused  by  the  excellent  namo  it  has  gained  on  account 
of  superior  accommodations  and  management,  is  a  fact  upon  which  the  officers 
and  the  friends  of  the  line  naturally  felicitate  themselves. — New  York  Evening 
Mail,  July  5,  1872. 

The  Anchor  Lino  Steamer  '  California." 

The  new  stoamorofTnE  ANonon  Line,  tho  "California,"  was  thrown  opon 
to  the  inspection  of  the  public  on  Wednesday,  at  pier  20  North  River,  where  sho 


THE  ANCHOR  LINE  OF  STEAMERS. 


59 


is  ready  for  her  first  return-trip  across  the  Atlantic.  The  "  California"  was  built 
in  Glasgow  this  year.  Her  three  decks  are  supplemented  by  a  small  hurricane- 
deck,  just  forward  of  the  mizzcn-mast,  that  makes  a  very  agreeable  improvement 
over  the  usual  passenger  comforts  of  the  Transatlantic  steamers.  Ucr  cabin  ar- 
rangements are  very  luxurious  and  complete.  Captain  Craig,  who  commands 
her,  bears  the  reputation  of  a  skilful  navigator  as  well  as  a  genial  gentleman. 
With  such  vessels  and  officers,  the  line  is  enjoying  a  rapidly-increasing  pros- 
perity.— New  York  Express,  July  5,  1872. 

Rev.  F.  Smith's  "Tour  to  Britain. 

With  great  interest  we  gazed  as  we  passed  the  Giant's  Causeway.  The 
scenery  about  Moville  is  very  beautiful.  We  were  busy  all  this  day  sight-seeing. 
Charming  as  was  the  scenery  about  Moville,  wc  had  grander  sights  in  store.  As 
I  stood  gazing  upon  the  grand  old  hills  of  Scotland,  with  their  towering  peaks 
among  the  clouds,  and  then  on  the  slopes  and  valleys  so  highly  cultivated,  I 
could  no  longer  wonder  why  Scotch  men,  and  women  too,  were  so  proud  of  their 
native  land.  I  have  to  confess  that  the  scenery  on  the  river  Clyde  surpassed  any 
thing  I  had  ever  seen;  indeed,  as  I  looked  upon  it,  I  thought  the  sight  of  it 
worth  a  voyage  all  the  way  from  America. — Sothvjell  Advance,  July  5,  1872. 

The  Tour  of  Europe. 

We  have  received  a  very  interesting  pamphlet  containing  a  sketch  of  a  short 
trip  to  Europe,  bearing  the  title,  "  A  Twelve  Days'  Tour  in  Scotland  ;  "  giving 
a  list  of  the  principal  places  tourists  should  visit  on  making  the  trip,  and  furnish- 
ing many  valuable  suggestions  to  parties  contemplating  "  The  European  Tour." 
The  low  price  of  passage-tickets  by  The  Anchor  Line,  namely,  $120  currency, 
to  Liverpool,  Glasgow,  London,  or  Derry,  and  return,  will  give  many  an  oppor- 
tunity of  visiting  the  Old  World,  which  has  never  before  been  presented  by  any 
other  line  of  steamers. — Boston  Advertiser,  July  6,  1872. 

Another  New  Anchor  Line  Steamer,  the  "California." 

Some  forty  years  ago,  four  little  Scotch  boys  began  their  sea-life,  starting  out 
from  the  Clyde  in  little  smacks,  and  gradually  rising  in  the  gradations  of  tonnage 
and  rig  until  they  had  served  in  schooners,  brigs,  barks,  ships  and  steamers,  and 
were  conversant  with  every  detail  in  connection  with  these  different  types  of  ves- 
sels. Keadily  acquiring  knowledge,  and  practising  economy  and  sterlilig  integ- 
rity, these  boys  grew  up  to  manhood  imbued  with  all  the  intelligence  necessary 
with  which  to  build  a  lasting  business  structure,  which  year  by  year  should  in- 
crease in  magnitude  and  power.  They  saw  several  attempts  made  to  establish 
steam-traffic  between  the  port  of  Glasgow  and  the  rich  and  rapidly-developing 
marts  of  the  New  World,  and  as  often  saw  them  fail.  In  due  time  they  banded 
together  for  the  purpose  of  developing  a  business  which  has  rapidly  grown  to  be 
of  enormous  magnitude,  and  which  is  yet  destined  to  outrival  their  most  sanguine 
expectations.  These  little  Scotch  boys  rapidly  rose  to  be  the  wcrld-wide-known 
firm  of  Ilandyside  &  Henderson,  of  Glasgow,  the  owners  of  The  Anchor  Line. 

Their  first  efforts  in  developing  shipping  business  for  themselves  were  in 
small  sail-vessels,  in  the  Mediterranean  fruit-trade.  In  this  they  were  rewarded 
with  well-merited  success,  and  finally  purchased  the  steamer  "  Inez  de  Castro," 
and  another  small  steam-craft,  with  which  to  cany  on  their  rapidly-increasing 
trade.  The  future  gave  promise  of  large  returns  in  the  Transatlantic  trade,  and 
in  1S56  they  purchased  a  sail-vessel,  and  successfully  converted  her  into  an  aux- 
iliary steamer.  They  then  altered  the  ship  "  John  Bell,"  and  made  her  also  an 
auxiliary  steamer,  and  with  these  two  vessels  fairly  inaugurated  The  Anchor 
Line.  Siifce  1856,  seventeen  steamers,  ranging  from  1,500  to  3,500  tons,  have 
been  constructed  for  the  Atlantic  service.  The  "Doin  Pedro,"  we  believe,  was 
the  first  of  these  steamers  specially  built  for  the  Mediterranean  fleet,  for  which 
twenty-nine  steamers  have  been  constructed,  making  in  all  a  fleet  of  forty-six 
steamers  built  for  this  line  in  fifteen  years.  The  "  California,"  the  latest  addi- 
tion to  this  line,  which  we  propose  to  describe  in  detail,  is  the  avaitt  courrier  of  a 
fleet  of  vessels  for  this  line  of  a  new  and  improved  type. 

The  second  of  the  new  fleet,  the  "  Victoria,"  a  sister  ship  to  the  "  California," 
las  just  been  launched,  and  the  "  Bolivia"  and  "  Ethiopia,"  of  4,500  tons  each, 
are  well  forward.  Three  other  steamers  are  in  frames,  viz.:  the  "Utopia," 
"  Castalia,"  and  "  Italia,"  making  in  all  seven  steamers,  of  over  23,000  tons  in 
the  aggregate,  and  valued  at  half  a  million  of  dollars  each,  which  will  be  built 
for  this  firm  within  one  year. 

Wc  have  thus  sketched  in  brief  the  rise  and  progress,  and,  in  a  measure, 
shadowed  the  future  of  The  Anchor  Line,  and  will  now  proceed  to  describe  the 
"  California."  She  was  built  and  finished  at  Glasgow,  Scotland,  during  the  pres- 
ent year,  by  Alexander  Stephens  &  Sons,  and  is  an  iron  screw-steamer,  of 
3,287.08  gross  tons,  is  361.5  feet  in  length,  40.5  in  beam,  and  24.5  feet  depth  from 
tonnage  deck  to  ceiling,  and  31.5  feet  from  upper  deck  to  ceiling.  Her  beam, 
being  so  great,  makes  her  a  very  safe  and  easy  vessel  at  sea.  She  has  two  com- 
pound vertical  direct-acting  engines,  with  one  cylinder  103  inches  in  diameter 
and  one  57  inches  in  diameter,  with  4  feet  stroke  of  piston,  working  up  to  1,047 
II.  P.,  and  built  at  the  Finnieston  Steamship  Works.  Her  steam-power  is  gen- 
erated in  six  boilers,  tested  to  a  pressure  of  70  lbs.,  and  a  donkey-boiler  for  sup- 
plying steam  to  the  windlass,  winch,  and  other  labor-saving  engines.  Accom- 


panied by  Captain  Craig  and  Chief-Engineer  McFarlan,  wc*  inspected  the  engino 
department,  and  were  well  pleased  witli  the  finish,  solidity,  and  compactness  of 
all  the  appointments.  There  was  one  feature  wc  saw  which  greatly  pleased  us, 
and  that  was  a  small  engine  connecting  with  a  centrifugal  pump  placed  in  the 
starboard  wing,  which  is  a  powerful  spare  bilge-pump,  and  also  acts  as  a  venti- 
lating fan,  driving  a  strong,  fresh  current  of  air  through  all  the  passenger-spaces, 
as  well  as  the  cargo-holds,  adding  much  to  the  comfort  and  sanitary  condition  of 
all  on  the  vessel.  This,  wc  consider,  is  among  the  best  of  the  new  ideas  intro- 
duced into  this  vessel. 

To  better  enable  our  readers  more  fully  to  comprehend  the  arrangements 
made  for  the  comfort  and  convenience  of  the  passengers,  and  to  insure  safety  to 
every  thing  on  board,  we  will  begin  our  description,  stait'mg  out  from  the  spar- 
deck  forward.  The  first  impression  made  is  of  her  well-proportioned  dimen- 
sions, wherever  you  go,  or  whatever  direction  you  turn,  an  air — in  fact,  a  sense 
of  strength  and  solidity  greets  you — and  with  this  are  combined  a  beauty  and 
symmetry  of  finish  which  are  charming  to  behold.  Standing  forward  and  looking 
aft,  a  fine,  roomy,  clear  deck  gives  promise  of  comfort  in  promenading  on  the 
voyage,  and,  the  vessel  being  high  out  of  the  water,  dry  feet  may  be  calculated 
upon,  even  in  heavy  weather.  Fore  and  aft  the  ship,  high  iron  hatch  combings 
indicate  that  even  in  stormy  weather  the  hatches  need  not  be  battened  down,  ex- 
cluding light  and  air.  A  powerful  windlass,  worked  by  steam,  lifts  her  ponder- 
ous anchors.  Passing  along  the  deck  we  come  to  the  steerage  hatch-house, 
which,  like  every  deck-house  on  board,  is  of  heavy  iron  ;  a  broad,  brass-bound 
staircase  leads  into  the  steerage,  which  is  well  lighted  and  beautifully  ventilated 
(steerage  passengers  are  only  carried  on  one  deck).  Around  the  engine  and 
boiler-space  the  combings  are  more  than  waist-high.  A  fine,  broad,  strong 
bridge  spans  the  deck,  and  in  its  centre  is  located  an  iron  pilot-house,  in  which 
is  located  a  steam  steering-wheel,  of  which  we  shall  speak  hereafter.  From  the 
bridge  two  systems  of  signals  connect  with  the  after  wheel-house  and  the  engine- 
room,  and  it  seems  a  matter  of  impossibility  that  any  misunderstanding  can  arise 
between  any  of  the  points  in  communication.  Passing  still  farther  aft,  wc  come 
to  the  after-steerage  hatchway  leading  into  the  quarters  assigned  to  married 
couples  and  single  females.  The  same  inviting  broad  staircases  are  presented  to 
the  eye,  and  the  same  good  arrangements  are  found  here  as  forward. 

The  next  entrance  from  the  spar-deck  is  the  smoking-saloon,  one  of  the. 
cosiest  and  most  attractive  on  any  steamer  in  the  trade.  It  is  fitted  up  lux- 
uriously, painted  in  a  delicate  tint  of  sea-green,  and  relieved  with  gold ;  the 
cushions  are  maroon-colored  leather,  and  the  carpet  of  a  neat  and  rich  pattern. 
Silver-plated  chandeliers  droop  from  the  ceiling,  and  even  mirrors  adorn  its 
walls. 

Now  let  us  go  as  far  aft  as  "we  can,  and  enter  the  wheel-house,  which  is  prob- 
ably the  largest  in  port.  It  is  fitted  with  a  double  hand  steering-wheel,  r.t  which 
fcur  men  can  work,  and  a  small  steam  steering-wheel,  the  latter  connecting  with 
the  one  on  the  bridge,  and  acting  in  concert  with  it,  or  independently,  as  may  be 
desired.  With  this  apparatus  a  child  can  handle  the  rudder,  no  matter  what  the 
speed  of  the  vessel  may  be.  Its  value  is  incalculable.  Passing  up  through  the 
after  wheel-house,  are  two  large  "  up-take"  ventilators,  which  draw  the  foul  air 
up  out  of  the  hold ;  in  fact,  all  of  the  ventilators  are  of  this  type,  and  are  to  be 
recommended  for  general  use,  on  account  of  their  efficiency. 

The  entrance  to  the  grand  saloon  is  very  imposing,  and  has  r.o  equal  in  any 
of  the  Transatlantic  lines.  Before  we  enter,  we  may  remark  that  a  large  iron 
house  covers  the  entrance,  the  top  of  which  is  devoted  to  a  promenade,  and  is  a 
lofty  lookout,  and  will  be  a  favorite  resort.  Now  let  us  proceed  to  the  saloon- 
entrance  and  seat  ourselves  in  the  social  hall.  At  once  wc  are  impressed  with  a 
sense  of  having  entered  on  board  one  of  our  palatial  Sound  steamboats.  It  is 
spacious  and  delightfully  attractive,  and  is  finished  in  polished  teak,  relieved 
with  rich  white-wood  mouldings  and  trimmings.  The  effect  is  beautiful :  rich 
upholstery  adds  to  the  tout  ensemble  ;  mirrors  grace  the  sides  ;  silver  chandeliers 
droop  from  the  ceiling,  and,  throughout,  the  effect  is  charming  and  decidedly 
novel  on  an  oeean-steamer.  But  a  treat  is  yet  in  store  for  us  as  we  descend  a 
staircase  as  rich  as  is  to  be  seen  on  the  celebrated  steamers  "Bristol"  and 
"  Providence  " — in  fact,  the  staircase  is  American,  and  only  a  little  Anglicised. 

The  grand  saloon  extends  across  the  vessel  from  side  to  side,  is  40  feet  in 
width  and  43  feet  long,  and  is  an  imposing  apartment,  not  equalled  by  the  saloon 
of  any  foreign  steamer  coming  to  this  port.  The  panelling  is  in  polished  teak, 
inlaid  with  rich  and  rare  white-woods,  adorned  with  choice  carving  and  gold. 
The  ceiling  is  painted  in  a  delicate  hue  of  sea-green.  Costly  buffets,  marble- 
topped  and  silver-trimmed,  give  an  air  of  luxuriousness  seldom  seen  on  ship- 
board. The  sofas  are  covered  with  maroon-colored  Russia  leather,  while  the. 
frames  are  handsomely  bronzed  and  silvered.  The  carpet  is  a  rich  green,  witli 
the  coat-of-arms  of  Great  Britain  intertwined  in  tasty  wreaths.  The  main  dome 
of  the  saloon  is  entirely  novel  in  design,  beautifully  colored  and  tinted,  and  the 
tie-beams  are  boxed  and  filled  with  choice  exotic  plants,  giving  to  it  the  appear- 
ance of  an  Oriental  court.  A  fine  piano  and  well-filled  library  add  to  the  at- 
tractions of  this  charming  place,  which  is  well  lighted  and  exceedingly  well  ven- 
tilated. Heavy  mirrors  on  all  sides  reflect  and  re-reflect  the  beauties  and  adorn- 
ments of  this  palace  of  saloons.  There  are  eight  large  tables  in  the  saloon,  which, 
when  not  filled  with  the  150  passengers,  are  so  closed  as  to  give  plenty  of  room. 
The  table-service  is  chaste  and  massive,  and  even  in  the  ordinary  table-ware  the 
owners  have  shown  excellent  taste.    Electric  .bell-knobs  jut  out  at  every  con- 


THE  ANCHOR  LINK  OF  STEAMKIts. 


GO 


venient  place,  and  will  be  appreciated  by  Loth  passengers  and  servants.  Each 
state-room  contains  two  berths,  the  lower  being  transformed  into  a  double  one  at 
the  will  of  the  occupant  of  the  room.  The  doors  are  sliding,  and  move  as  easily 
as  can  be  imagined  ;  and,  by  this  plan,  passengers  will  not  be  annoyed  by  "  slam- 
ming doors."  The  finish  of  the  state-rooms  is  equally  as  rich  as  that  of  the 
grand  saloon,  being  fitted  out  with  every  comfort  and  luxury.  Porcelain  wash- 
stand  tops  and  bowls,  swinging  mirrors,  highly-polished  brush  and  tumbler 
rooks,  and  chaste  and  heavy  upholstery,  on  every  hand. 

These  state-rooms  are  large,  light,  and  airy,  each  having  its  electric  bell. 
Large  lavatories  are  provided  for  both  ladies  and  gentlemen.  The  ladies' 
boudoir  is  a  perfect  gem  of  a  place,  decorated  in  sea-green  tints,  dotted  and 
striped  with  gold,  with  delicate  little  birds  perched  in  the  centre  of  each  broad 
panel.  A  rich  buffet  and  mirror,  and  silvered  trimmings  on  all  hands,  make  it  a 
charming  retreat  for  the  gentler  sex.  Two  large  bath-rooms  are  on  each  side,  a 
luxury  to  be  appreciated  on  shipboard.  And  away  aft  is  a  large  transom-room, 
admirably  adapted  for  a  uurscry  and  children's  play-room.  When  lit  up  at 
night,  the  saloon  and  state-room  halls  present  a  beautiful  sight.  Taken  as  a 
whole,  the  passenger  accommodations  of  the  "  California"  leave  nothing  to  be 
desired  or  thought  of. 

The  second  cabin  is  remarkably  neat,  light,  and  airy,  with  large,  handsomely- 
famished  state-rooms,  in  which  passengers  are  carried  at  a  reduction  of  ten  dol- 
lars from  the  chief-cabin  price,  and,  in  fact,  equally  as  comfortably.  Rich  cur- 
tains, lounges,  and  neat  lavatory  accommodations  are  provided  for  this  class  of 
passengers.  Still  farther  forward  are  the  rooms  for  the  "  intermediates,"  another 
class  of  passengers,  whose  accommodations  are  marked  with  the  same  good  taste 
and  comfort  as  is  apparent  throughout  the  vessel.  Interspersed  through  the  pas- 
sage-ways are  the  quarters  for  the  officers,  and  right  cosy  ones  they  are.  Still 
farther  forward  are  the  accommodations  for  the  crew ;  and  the  owners  have  not 
forgotten  that  Jack  can  appreciate  comfort,  and  they  have  provided  for  him  liber- 
ally also.  The  kitchens,  bakery,  meat-shop,  and  all  the  appointments  of  a 
well-regulated  ocean-steamer,  have  been  arranged  in  a  manner  which  will  give 
all  her  employes  facilities  to  carry  on  their  labors  with  celerity  and  comfort. 
She  has  accommodations  for  150  first-class  and  900  steerage  passengers. 

To  sum  up,  the  "California"  is  a  splendid  specimen  of  naval  architecture, 
being  strong,  staunch,  and  well  adapted  to  the  Transatlantic  passenger-trade ; 
and,  as  a  gentleman  remarked  at  the  banquet  given  to  the  Press,  on  board,  on 
Wednesday  evening,  "  The  '  California'  is,  I  believe,  the  '  Eureka'  of  the  Atlan- 
tic fleet." 

The  following  is  a  list  of  the  officers  of  the  "  California :  " 
Captain,  James  Craig;  Chief  Officer,  John  Craig;  Second  Officer,  John  C. 
Croat;  Third  Officer,  Hugh  E.  Brown  ;  Fourth  Officer,  George  Cairney  ;  Chief 
Engineer,  Parian  McFarlan  ;  Second  Engineer,  Ebenezer  Lowther ;  Third  En- 
gineer, Joseph  Gale  ;  Fourth  Engineer,  Thomas  Taylor;  Fifth  Engineer,  Archi- 
bald Cranston ;  Sixth  Engineer,  James  Cumming ;  Chief  Steward,  Nathaniel 
Stockdale  ;  Doctor,  Robert  Murdoch  ;  Purser,  William  Bryce. 

On  Wednesday  afternoon  a  banquet  was  given,  by  Mr.  Francis  MaeDonald, 
assisted  by  Mr.  Henderson,  representing  The  AKcnoR  Line  in  this  city,  to  the 
Press  of  New  York.  Nearly  every  journal  was  represented,  and,  after  a  splendid 
dinner,  a  number  of  toasts  were  drunk,  and  at  a  late  hour  the  guests  left  the  ship 
highly  pleased  with  her,  as  their  reports  of  the  next  morning  showed.  To  those 
who  wish  to  see  a  fine  steamer,  we  would  say,  by  no  means  fail  to  visit  the 
"California,"  of  The  Anchor  Line.  She  sails  to-day,  brimful  of  passengers 
and  cargo,  with  many  a  "  God-speed  ! "  following  her  across  the  ocean-ferry. — 
New  York  Nautical  Gazette,  July  6,  1872. 

The  Anchor  Line. 

The  history  of  The  Anchor  Line  Steam-Packet  Company  is  in  many  re- 
spects so  remarkable  and  so  closely  identified  with  the  Clyde,  that  very  general 
interest  is  invariably  centred  in  any  addition  to  its  fleet  or  extension  of  its  trade. 
Year  after  year  the  company  has  been  acquiring  steamers  of  larger  tonnage  and 
more  ample  internal  accommodation  for  passengers,  until  the  fleet  now  pos- 
sessed -by  them  is  among  the  largest  afloat  owned  by  one  company,  the  ton- 
nage being  about  45,000  tons. — New  York  Albion,  July  6,  1872. 

To  Europe  and  Back  in  Six  Weeks. 

To  flee  the  country  and  the  sweet  fields  is  a  classic,  but  none  the  less  modern 
pastime.  The  exodus  of  pleasure-seekers  during  the  summer  months  to  foreign 
shores  is  rapidly  increasing  with  the  numerous  improvements  in  navigation,  and 
a  trip  to  Europe  is  gradually  coming  to  be  within  range  of  everybody's  means. 
Tin;  Anchor  Line  offer  first-class  tickets  for  a  six  weeks'  jaunt  to  Europe  and 
back  for  §250,  which  ought  to  tickle  the  souls  of  all  who  have  a  vacation  to 
spend.  On  this  trip  all  the  charmingly  romantic  localities  in  Ireland  and  Scot- 
land can  be  visited  during  the  twenty  days  which  remain,  after  subtracting  the 
time  of  the  ocean-voyage.  Glasgow  and  Edinburgh,  which  lie  close  to  places  of 
absorbing  interest,  are  within  the  range  of  the  trip,  and  the  numerous  places 
of  interest  to  visitors  in  Ireland  are  also  to  be  reached.  Returning  from  these 
places  to  Glasgow,  a  weekly  steamer  makes  the  trip  to  New  York  in  eleven  days. 
The  numerous  advantages  to  be  gained  by  trading,  as  well  as  the  delightful  and 


healthful  recreation  afforded  by  the  t«ur,  are  such  as  to  render  it  in  every  respect 
to  be  desired. — Boston  rod,  July  8,  1872. 

The  Anchor  Line  Steamers. 

A  large  party  visited,  last  week,  the  magnificent  new  steamer  "  California," 
of  The  Anchor  Lixe,  w  hich  has  made  her  first  voyage  to  this  port  from  Glas- 
gow. Her  fittings  are  most  elegant,  and  the  saloon  is  especially  luxurious  and 
tasteful.  She  is  commanded  by  Captain  James  Craig,  late  of  the  "  Anglia,"  the 
commodore  of  the  The  Anchor  Line  fleet,  of  which  at  present  the  new  ship  is 
decidedly  the  finest.  The  enterprising  proprietors  of  the  line  are  not,  however, 
content  to  allow  her  long  to  occupy  that  position.  Already  the  "Victoria," 
another  vessel  of  the  same  dimensions,  has  been  launched,  and  five  other  larger 
ones  are  being  built. — New  York  Observer,  July  11,  1872. 

Steamship-Building. 

Within  a  few  days  past,  at  New  York,  the  national  pride  has  been  touched  by 
the  comparison  of  a  recently-built  British  steamship,  and  a  recently-built  Amer- 
ican steamship,  the  "  City  of  Antonia,"  launched  at  Chester  on  the  Delaware, 
the  future  Clyde  of  America,  and  the  "  California,"  of  the  The  Anchor  Line, 
now  on  her  first  trip  from  Glasgow.  A  New  York  paper,  referring  to  this  subject, 
says  that  "  both  boats  were  justly  regarded,  by  owners  and  builders,  as  fair  spe- 
cimens of  the  work  done  at  the  places  at  which  they  were  constructed,  and  as 
types  respectively  of  American  and  English  ship-building ;  but,  by  the  side  of 
her  rival,  the  "  California"  has  so  many  important  advantages,  that  the  compar- 
ison is  exceedingly  painful  to  one  who  has  the  least  bit  of  national  pride. 

The  rapid  manner  in  which  the  "lines"  of  steamers  running  between  Europe 
and  the  United  States  have  grown  is  wonderful.  The  Anchor  Line,  for  instance, 
of  which  the  "  California"  is  the  latest  addition,  had  only  three  steamers  afloat 
in  1863.  Now  it  has  thirty-seven  steamers,  and  five  more  building,  to  be  first 
class  in  every  respect. — Boston  Globe,  July  11,  1872. 

The  Anchor  Line. 

The  proprietors  of  The  Anchor  Line  are  leaving  nothing  undone  to  provide 
the  very  best  accommodation  for  the  public.  At  short  intervals  wo  hear  of  them 
launching  a  new  steamer,  until  now  they  possess  one  of  the  most  magnificent 
lines  of  steamships  in  the  world.  The  latest  addition  to  their  fleet  is  the  "  Cal- 
ifornia," which  has  just  arrived  in  New  York  from  Glasgow.  The  following 
particulars  in  reference  to  this  noble  vessel  will  be  read  with  a  large  degree  of 
interest  in  this  port,  where  The  Anchor  Line,  its  vessels,  commanders,  local 
agents,  and  all  concerned  in  the  management,  are  such  favorites.  .  .  . — St.  John 
Tribune,  July  11,  1872. 

A  Floating  Palace. 

We  believe  The  Anchor  Line  Steam-Packet  Company  has  now  a  larger  num- 
ber of  vessels  plying  between  Europe  and  America  than  is  employed  by  any 
other  Company.  Notwithstanding  this  fact,  the  enterprising  proprietors  seem 
determined  not  only  to  excel  in  point  of  numbers  their  various  rivals,  but  also 
to  compete  with  the  swiftest  and  largest  afloat,  or  that  can  be  made. 

The  tourist  or  emigrant,  who  sought  pleasure  or  exile,  has  always  been  heard 
to  speak  of  the  universal  courtesy  accorded  them  by  the  gentlemanly  employe's 
of  this  line,  and  never  heard  to  grumble  at  the  fare.  We  speak  from  personal 
experience.  We  have  travelled  to  Europe  and  back  several  times  by  The  An- 
chor Line  of  Steamers,  and  can  safely  aver  that  they  cannot  be  beaten  for  safety, 
comfort,  and  general  enjoyment.  On  Tuesday  we  inspected  the  new  liner,  the 
"  California,"  and  were  pleased  to  meet  there  nearly  forty  of  our  brother  jour- 
nalists, and  each  and  all,  after  making  a  most  minute  and  critical  examination, 
were  unqualified  in  their  expressions  of  admiration  of  the  magnificent  steamer. 
In  our  judgment  there  seems  to  bo  nothing  wanting  or  out  of  place  in  this  ex- 
quisite floating  palace. —  The  Irish  People,  July  13,  1872. 

The  Trip  to  Eurcpa  made  easy. 

The  flow  of  American  travel  to  Europe  is  producing  its  natural  result  of 
cheapening  the  expense.  A  plan  of  six  weeks'  trip  is  advertised  for  $250  cur- 
rency. The  Anchor  Line  of  Steamships  will  take  first-class  passengers  from 
New  York  to  Glasgow  and  back  again,  with  leave  to  stop  at  Londonderry,  Ire- 
land, for  $120  currency.  At  Londonderry  the  traveller  can  go  by  rail  to  Port- 
rush,  the  nearest  town  to  the  Giant's  Causeway ;  thenco  back  and  over  to 
Glasgow;  thence  to  Edinburgh  by  Loch  Katrine  and  the  Trosachs ;  thenco  to 
the  places  of  interest  in  and  around  Edinburgh ;  thence  to  Glasgow  and  home 
again.  By  this  plan  he  spends  twenty-two  days  on  the  sea,  three  days  in  Ire- 
land, and  seventeen  days  in  Scotland,  or  six  weeks  in  all.  The  time  on  land  is 
estimated  at  the  rate  of  six  dolhrs  a  day. 

This  is  one  of  the  many  possible  plans,  and  we  publish  it  to  show  our  renders 
who  live  far  from  the  seaboard  how  feasible  the  trip  to  Europe  is.  At  the  pres- 
ent rate  of  progress,  every  year  will  develop  fresh  facilities,  until  travel  abroad 
becomes  just  as  manageable  as  travel  at  home. 

We  notice  some  sneering  at  the  rush  of  Americans  for  Europe,  but  wc  see  no 
occasion  for  sneering.    Travel  is  an  education,  and  the  only  education  possiblo 


THE  AXCIIOR  LINE  OF  STEAJIEA'S. 


CI 


for  very  busy  men.  There  is  no  better  evidence  of  the  prosperity  of  our  people 
than  their  ability  to  go  all  over  the  world.  The  more  we  see  of  the  world  abroad, 
the  richer  in  culture  will  be  our  life  at  home. — New  York  Methodist,  July  13, 1872. 

The  New  Steamship  "California,"  of  The  Anchor  Line. 

This  latest  addition  to  the  large  fleet  of  powerful  steamships  of  The  Anchor 
Line  is  a  model  of  marine  architecture,  and  a  credit  to  her  designers  and  build- 
ers. Messrs.  Henderson  Brothers  are  the  agents  of  the  popular  Anchor  Line 
in  New  York,  and  they  and  their  deputies  are  always  obliging  and  courteous  to 
all  who  have  business  with  them,  whether  to  engage  passage,  look  out  for  freight, 
or  to  make  inquiries  in  regard  to  sending  for  friends  on  the  other  side  of  the 
Atlantic.— New  York  Time  Talk,  July  15,  1872. 

Inspecting  a  Steamship 

People  who  visit  are  not  always  so  welcome,  or  so  pleased  with  their  recep- 
tion, as  our  reporter  was  when  he,  last  week,  visited  the  steamship  "  California" 
of  The  Ancuor  Line.  A  gathering  of  good  journalists  and  good  seamen  is 
always  pleasant,  and  Captain  Craig  is  a  good  host  as  well  as  a  good  sailor. 
There  was  no  "  gingerbread-work"  on  his  table,  as  there  is  none  on  his  vessel. 
A  sea-faring  man  sees  at  a  glance  that  the  "  California  "  was  built  for  accommo- 
dation, strength,  and  comfort.  Men  of  experience  in  ship-building  constructed 
her;  men  who  knew  what  allowances  must  be  made  for  extra  pull,  as  Jack  says  ; 
for  Jack  knows  that  spar,  rope,  bolt,  or  chain,  had  better  be  too  large  when 
new  than  too  small  when  old.  To  save  a  little  in  the  beginning,  without  some 
better  reason,  is  to  lose  much  before  ending,  and  to  lose  all  in  the.  end.  The 
"  California"  is  not  built  for  show,  but  for  use ;  yet  she  is  strong  and  handsome 
enough. — New  York  Republican,  July  16, 1872. 

Our  Ocean-Ferries. 

Travelling  now  is  a  positive  luxury.  One  may  go  down  to  our  docks  and  for 
a  very  reasonable  sum  take  all  the  comforts  of  his  "bed  and  board"  at  their 
best,  right  along  with  him,  during  a  pleasant  eight  or  ten  days  at  sea,  and  then 
step  upon  another  continent  without  ever  having  experienced  an  outward  annoy- 
ance or  discomfort !  The  Anchor  Line — the  finest  fleet  afloat — of  which  the 
"  California  "  is  just  now  the  pride — is  composed  of  thirty-six  sea-going  steamers. 
The  machinery  and  construction  of  the  "  California "  include  all  the  improve- 
ments known  to  the  other  or  this  side  of  the  water,  as  her  owners  have  great 
respect  for  all  good  "  Yankee  notions,"  and  the  ship  is  arranged  with  a  view  to 
the  comfort  of  both  its  saloon  and  steerage  passengers.  Its  principal  dining- 
saloon  is  not  flanked  by  berths,  but  includes  the  whole  width  of  the  ship,  and  is 
both  roomy  and  airy,  with  plenty  of  light — a  great  consideration  where  one's 
principal  occupation  is  eating  !  Ilot  and  cold  water  are  also  at  hand  in  all  the 
state-rooms.  In  a  word,  no  appliance  of  comfort,  or  even  of  luxury,  is  wanting. 
Wherefore  wo  say,  good  speed  to  the  "  California,"  and  all  her  staunch  com- 
panions on  every  sea  under  the  sun  ! — New  York  Evangelist,  July  18,  1S72.' 

Shall  we  go  to  Europe  1 

With  the  hot  weather  comes  the  desire,  to  most  of  us,  for  a  change  from  the 
routine  and  drudgery  of  the  long  winter  and  the  disagreeable  spring,  and  there- 
fore it  is  with  great  pleasure  that  wo  note  the  reduced  fares  and  the  increased  ac- 
commodations offered  to  summer  tourists.  We  have  before  us  a  copy  of  a  pam- 
phlet which  we  have  read  with  much  interest.  It  gives  a  sketch  of  a  short  tour 
in  Europe,  and  the  expense  of  such  a  trip,  when  compared  with  a  visit  of  the  same 
length — six  weeks  or  two  months — among  our  watering-places  and  sea-side  re- 
sorts, shows  favorably  for  the  ocean-voyage.  The  excursion  rate  is  but  $120 
currency,  round  trip,  from  Boston  by  The  Anchor  Line  steamers — lower  rates 
for  first-class  passages  than  ever  before  offered,  and  as  the  line  is  continually 
adding  new  steamers  to  their  already  large  fleet,  and  thus  placing  superior  ad- 
vantages within  the  reach  of  tourists,  they  fully  merit  the  patronage  which  the 
travelling  public  gives  them. — Boston  Shipping  Advertiser,  July  18,  1872. 

Steamship  Invitation. 

A  large  number  of  invited  guests  assembled  at  Pier  20  N.  K.,  on  July  3d.  to 
inspect  the  new  steamer  "California,"  of  The  Anchor  Line.  The  appoint- 
ments were  perfect,  and  the  company  which  took  upon  themselves  the  task  of 
inspection,  pronounced  the  steamer  first  class,  and  well  fitted  for  a  comfortable 
voyage  across  the  Atlantic. — New  York  Tablet,  July  20,  1872. 

The  Anchor  Line  to  ths  Front  again. 

The  Glasgow  Herald,  of  the  10th  inst.,  states  that  a  company  has  been  formed 
in  Barrow-in-Furness  to  establish  a  line  of  steam  service  between  England  and 
the  Dominion  of  Canada  and  the  United  Statss.  It  was  registered  on  the  3d 
inst.  with  a  capital  of  £1,000,000  sterling,  in  shares  of  £25  each.  The  following 
is  a  list  of  the  first  subscribers :  The  Duke  of  Devonshire,  Piccadilly,  4,000 
shares ;  Lord  Frederick  Charles  Cavendish,  M.  P.,  Carleton  House  Terrace,  1,000 
shares;  James  Eamsdsn,  Barrow-in-Furness,  managing  director  of  the  Furness 
Railway,  400  shares;  William  Carrey,  Westminster,  Solicitor,  400  shares; 


Thomas  Henderson,  Glasgow,  ship-owner,  3,000  shares ;  Andrew  Charles  Hen- 
derson, Glasgow,  ship-owner,  1,000  shares ;  Robert  Little,  Greenock,  ship- 
owner, 400  shares.  The  managers  of  the  company  are  Thomas,  John,  and  An- 
drew Charles  Henderson,  and  Alexander  Moffatt,  of  the  firm  of  Ilandyside  & 
Henderson,  of  Glasgow  and  Londonderry,  and  Henderson  Brothers,  Loudon, 
Liverpool,  New  York,  Chicago,  etc.  Three  magnificent  steamers  of  over  4,000 
tons  register,  said  to  be  the  finest  ami  swiftest  that  ever  crossed  the  Atlantic, 
are  almost  ready  for  launching  for  the  new  company,  so  we  expect,  before  a 
great  while,  to  be  able  to  chronicle  the  sailing  from  Liverpool  of  the  first  steamer 
of  this  line.— St.  John  Tribune,  July  27,  1872. 

The  New  Anchor  Line  Steamship  "  Caledonia."— Eer  dimensions,  Fittings,  etc. 

The  steamship  "  Caledonia,"  belonging  to  The  Anchor  Line,  which  arrived 
at  this  port  on  Tuesday  last,  is  a  new  addition  to  the  large  number  of  ocean- 
steamships  now  crossing  the  Atlantic.  The  u  Caledonia"  was  built  in  1S63,  and 
last  year  the  company  determined  to  refit  her,  and  make  her  a  more  attractive 
vessel.  In  pursuance  of  this  project  she  has  been  lengthened  over  50  feet,  and  is 
now  320  feet  long,  36  feet  breadth  of  beam,  and  20  feet  7  incb.es  in  depth.  Her 
engines  are  on  the  compound  principle,  surface  condensing,  of  400  nominal  horse- 
power, having  a  pressure  of  65  pounds  of  steam  to  the  square  inch.  Her  saloon 
is  beautifully  fitted  up.  She  has  accommodation  for  80  saloon  and  550  steerage 
passengers.  The  state-rooms  are  fitted  up  in  first-class  style,  and  contain  the 
latest  improvements  in  the  introduction  of  hot  and  cold  water,  etc.  Electric 
bells  are  also  attached  from  eaeh  state-room  to  the  purser's  department.  She 
has  three  decks,  the  upper  forming  a  good  promenade-deck.  On  this  deck  are 
several  small  smoking  and  conversation  saloons,  and  the  wheel-house  is  sig- 
nalled from  the  bridge  by  the  patent  steering-gear. 

The  "  Caledonia"  is  the  third  new  vessel  put  on  the  line  this  year  by  (he  An- 
chor Company.  The  first  was  the  "  Olympia,"  then  the  '•  California,"  and  now 
the  "  Caledonia."  Another  steamship,  the  "  Victoria,"  has  been  launched,  and 
is  expected  here  in  about  six  weeks.  The  other  steamships  now  building  are 
the  "  Castalia,"  "  Italia,"  "  Utopia,"  "  Ethiopia,"  and  the  "  Bolivia."  The  An- 
chor Line  have  now  forty  vessels  running  between  this  port  and  Europe. — New 
York  Times,  July  27,  1872. 

The  St6amship  "  Caledonia." 

The  steamship  "  Caledonia,"  of  TnE  Anchor  Line,  which  has  just  been  added 
to  the  immense  fleet  of  Transatlantic  steamers  owned  by  this  company,  is  a  mag- 
nificent vessel.  She  was  built  in  1863,  and  last  year  the  company  determined  to 
refit  her,  and  make  her  a  more  attractive  vessel.  In  pursuance  of  this  project 
she  has  been  lengthened  over  50  feet,  and  is  now  320  feet  long.  Her  saloon  is 
beautifully  fitted  up.  She  has  accommodation  for  80  saloon  and  550  steerage 
passengers.  The  state-rooms  are  fitted  up  in  first-class  style,  and  contain  the 
latest  improvements,  in  the  introduction  of  hot  and  cold  water,  etc.  Electric 
bells  are  also  attached  from  each  state-room  to  the  purser's  department.  She 
has  three  decks,  the  upper  forming  a  good  promenade-deck.  On  this  deck  are 
several  small  smoking  and  conversation  saloons,  and  the  wheel-house  is  sig- 
nalled from  the  bridge  by  the  patent  steering-gear. 

The  "Caledonia"  is  the  third  new  vessel  put  on  the  line  this  year  by  The 
Anchor  Line  Company.  The  first  was  the  "  Olympia,"  then  the  "  California," 
and  now  the  "Caledonia."  Another  steamship,  the  "Victoria,"  has  been 
launched,  and  is  expected  here  in  about  six  weeks.  The  other  steamships  now 
building  are  the  "Castalia,"  "Italia,"  "Utopia,"  " Ethiopia,"  and  the  "Bo- 
livia." The  Anchor  Company  have  now  over  forty  vessels  running  between 
this  port  and  Europe. — New  York  Mail,  J uly  27,  1872. 

The  New  Steamship  "  Caledonia."— The  Latest  Addition  to  a  Great  Ocean  Line. 
—Dimensions,  Machinery,  and  Accommodations.— The  Steamships  to  come.— 
New  Monarchs  of  the  Sea. 

The  latest  addition  to  the  immense  ocean-fleet  of  The  Anchor  Line,  the 
"  Caledonia,"  arrived  at  this  port  on  Tuesday  last,  and  since  then  has  been  vis- 
ited by  hundreds  curious  to  observe  the  march  in  the  improvements  of  sea-going 
vessels  and  in  naval  architecture.  A  few  years  ago,  the  "  Caledonia"  was  only 
a  second-rate  ship,  but  a  year  since  her  owners  conceived  the  idea  cf  rebuilding 
her,  putting  the  vessel  on  a  footing  with  the  first  that  sail  into  the  harbor.  They 
carried  the  idea  into  effect,  lengthening  her 

FIFTY  FEET  AJIIDSHIP, 

making  the  vessel  320  feet  long,  36  feet  beam,  £0  feet  7  inches  depth  of  hold,  and 
of  2,900  tons,  old  measurement.  Not  only  was  she  rebuilt  in  length,  but  her 
accommodations  and  appointments  were  improved  upon,  and  to-day  she  rates 
second  to  no  ocean-vessel  in  the  matter  of  security  and  comfort  at  sea.  The  ap- 
pointments throughout  are  of  the  finest  nature,  the  saloon,  in  its  arrangements, 
being  in  advance  of  many  vessels  of  the  line,  excepting  the  few  fitted  in  the  most 
luxurious  style. 

MXHRORS  ARE  ON  EVERY  HAND, 

and  crimson  and  red  plush  furnish  the  settees ;  the  panels,  done  in  oak,  are 
relieved  with  delicately-painted  bouquets,  while  a  small  library  and  piano  are 


THE  AS CIIOR  LINE  OF  STEAMERS. 


G-2 


attractions  not  to  be  passed  by  with  a  glance.  The  same  care  observable  in  fit- 
ting the  saloon  is  noticed  in  tho 

STATE-ROOM  APPOINTMENTS. 

These  are  ninety  in  number,  and  every  one  has  sofas,  chairs,  and  toilet-basins. 
The  berths  are  commodious,  and  none  can  complain  of  want  of  room,  as  rcomy 
rooms  are  all  over  the  craft.  Below,  the  lady-passengers  have  a  private  room, 
large  in  size,  and  on  the  promenade-deck  they  have  the  same  character  of  apart- 
ment, where  they  remain  until  fatigued,  unmolested.  Electric  bells  are  in  every 
room,  aud  hot  and  cold  water  aro  obtainable  at  a  moment's  notice;  those  im- 
provements really  being  as  complete  as  on  any  ocean-steamer  afloat.  The 

STEERAOE  ACCOMMODATIONS 

are  very  ample,  provisions  being  made  for  over  600  passengers  ;  and  their  apart- 
ments are  more  ample  than  usually  observed,  and  so  arranged  that  the  most 
perfect  ventilation  is  secured.  Wash-basins,  bath-tubs,  and  all  conveniences 
tending  to  the  health  of  these  passengers,  have  been  fully  provided. 

THE  MACHINERY 

of  the  "  Caledonia,"  both  in  matter  of  engines  and  boilers,  is  new,  and  of  the 
most  improved  character.  The  engines  are  of  the  compound  principle,  and  the 
boilers  new,  affording  a  pressure  of  G5  pounds  of  steam  to  the  square  inch.  In- 
dependent steam,  fire,  and  bilge  pumps  are  on  every  deck,  and  steam-winches 
are  used  in  discharging  and  receiving  freight.  On 

THE  PROMENADE-DECK 

accommodations  are  numerous  and  very  pleasant,  comprising  sraoking-rooms  for 
the  gentlemen  and  retiring-room  for  the  ladies.  Tho  latter  is  particularly  pleas- 
ant, and  deserves  especial  mention  for  its  size  and  the  comfort  it  invites. 

The  "  Caledonia"  is  the  third  new  vessel  put  on  The  Anchor  Line  this  year  ; 
the  first  was  tho  "  Olympia,"  then  the  "California,"  now  the  "Caledonia." 
Another  steamship,  the  "  Victoria,"  has  been  launched,  and  is  expected  here  in 
about  cis  weeks.  The  other  steamships  now  building  are  the  "  Castalia," 
"  Italia,"  "  Utopia,"  "  Ethiopia,"  and  "Bolivia."  The  Anchor  Company  have 
now  over  forty  vessels  running  between  this  port  and  Europe.  During  the  last 
week  the  Anchor  Line  has  had  five  vessels  in  port  and  loading. — JYew  York 
Herald,  July  28,  1872. 

New  Steamship  "  Caledonia."— Latest  Addition  to  the  Anchor  Line. 

The  new  steamship  "  Caledonia,"  of  The  Anchor  Line,  which  arrived  in  this 
port  last  week,  is  the  first  of  the  new  fleet  of  powerful,  first-class  vessels  lately 
built  or  altered  by  the  company.  The  "  Caledonia  "  was  buiit  in  1863,  and  last 
year  the  company  determined  to  refit  her,  and  make  her  a  more  attractive  vessel. 
In  pursuance  of  this  project,  she  has  been  lengthened  over  fifty  feet,  and  is  now 
320  feet  long.  Her  saloon  is  beautifully  fitted  up.  The  state-rooms  are  fitted 
up  in  first-class  style, -and  contain  the  latest  improvements  in  the  introduction 
of  hot  and  cold  water,  etc.  Electric  bells  are  also  attached  from  each  state-room 
to  the  steward's  department.  She  has  three  decks,  the  upper  forming  a  good 
pr;>menade-deck.  On  this  deck  are  several  small  smoking  and  conversation  sa- 
loons, and  the  wheel-house  is  signalled  from  the  bridge  by  the  patent  steering- 
gear. — Evening  Telegram,  July  29,  1872. 

Great  Stampede  of  Visitors  to  Europe. 

Never  since  oceanic  steam-navigation  was  ventured,  was  there  such  an  exodus 
from  our  shores  as  during  the  present  season.  The  extravagance  and  meanness 
of  watering-place  proprietors  have  driven  the  multitude  in  search  of  health  and 
recreation  from  the  springs  to  tho  ocean.  "While  tho  former  have  tried  to  stem 
the  flood  of  Eastern  visitors  by  adding  horse-racing,  Indian  games,  balls,  and 
other  tom-foolerics  to  the  attractions  of  mineral  waters,  the  proprietors  of  ocean 
steam  lines  have  not  been  idle.  They  have  added  to  the  attractions  of  the 
voyage  some  of  the  most  splendid  palaces  that  ever  even  graced  the  placid  bosom 
of  our  noble  Hudson.  In  decorations,  splendor,  refinement,  and  convenience, 
they  are  every  way  their  equal,  but  in  point  of  magnitude,  strength,  and proioess, 
they  are  as  much  superior  as  the  billows  of  tho  ocean  exceed  the  ripples  of  that 
river.  This  is  especially  truo  of  The  Anchor  Line.  Its  new  steamers  have 
created  a  revolution  which  other  lines  are  fast  following.  It  is  almost  impossi- 
ble for  them  to  meet  the  demands  for  passage. — Delaware  Express,  July  31,  1S72. 

The  New  Anchor  Line  Steamship  "  Caledonia." 

Nothing  is  more  likely  to  indicate  tho  increasing  favor  into  which  the  fleet 
of  vessels  owned  by  The  Anchor  Line  Company  has  grown  among  all  classes 
on  both  sides  of  tho  Atlantic,  than  the  fact  that  a  third  new  vessel,  built  for 
this  company,  arrived  in  this  port  last  week.  It  is  likewise  noteworthy  that  her 
owners,  taking  advantage  of  the  most  recent  improvements  in  naval  architect- 
ure, have  succeeded  in  adapting  their  now  vessel  to  meeting  the  heavy  seas, 
thus  showing  a  laudable  solicitude  for  the  safety  as  well  (as  will  be  seen)  as  for 
the  general  comfort  of  their  passengers.  Although  we  term  it  a  new  vessel,  it  is 
in  reality  one  of  the  old  vessels  of  tho  company,  so  completely  repaired  and  im- 
proved, as  to  divest  it  of  all  external  marks  of  identity.  The  "  Caledonia,"  al- 
though formerly  a  second-rate  vessel,  was  by  no  means  ill-adapted  for  the  pur- 


pose for  which  she  was  built.  Now,  however,  having  undergone  such  thorough 
repairs,  it  is  questionable  if  any  of  the  vessels  that  enter  the  harbor  will  excel  it 
in  point  of  speed,  comfort,  and  sea- worthiness  combined.  Tho  length  of  tho 
vessel  has  been  increased  by  50  feet  amidships,  making  her  320  feet  in  length. 
Besides  theso  improvements,  the  accommodation  far  passengers  has  been  in- 
creased. In  the  saloon,  the  rooms  are  fitted  up  in  most  luxurious  style,  combin- 
ing comfort  with  elegance.  While  these  have  taken  place  in  the  aft  part  of  tho 
vessel,  the  construction  of  the  steerage-berths  has  evidently  been  directed  to 
facilitate  the  enjoyment  of  an  Atlantic  voyage,  without  that  absence  of  security 
which  is  inevitable  in  cases  where  the  accommodation  for  steerage-passengers  is 
not  of  tho  most  perfect  kind.  As  a  large  number  of  emigrants  are  likely  to  take 
advantage  of  this  vessel,  it  must  be  some  consolation  to  them  to  know  that, 
whatever  attention  may  have  been  devoted  to  other  parts  of  the  vessel,  their 
comfort  has  not  been  overlooked.  The  accommodation  is  such,  that  GOO  passen- 
gers can  be  safely  conveyed  in  the  steerage  part  of  tho  vessel,  w  ithout  any  an- 
noyance arising  from  a  want  of  proper  ventilation.  Wash-basins,  bath-tubs, 
and  all  conveniences  tending  to  the  health  of  these  passengers,  have  been  fully 
provided.  There  are  ninety  state-rooms,  and,  for  the  ladies,  private  rooms  have 
been  erected  below  and  on  the  promenade-deck.  Electric  bells  are  in  every 
room,  and  hot  and  cold  water  are  obtained  at  a  moment's  notice,  these  improve- 
ments really  being  as  complete  as  on  any  ocean  steamship  afloat.  The  engines  are 
of  tho  compound  principle,  and  the  boilers  new.  Independent  steam,  fire,  and 
bilge  pumps  are  on  every  deck,  and  steam-winches  are  used  in  discharging  and 
receiving  freight. 

It  may  here  be  stated  that  during  the  last  week  The  Anchor  Line  has  had  no 
less  than  five  vessels  in  port,  which  shows  the  increasing  popularity  of  the  line 
among  all  classes.  Yesterday  the  "  Caledonia  "  sailed  for  Glasgow,  with  a  largo 
number  of  saloon  and  cabin  passengers,  her  departure  being  witnessed  by  large 
numbers,  who  were  chiefly  attracted  to  the  pier  to  inspect  the  improvements 
which  have  been  made. — Scottish-American  Journal,  August  1,  1872. 

The  Anchor  Line  Steamship  ''California." 

From  the  time  that  the  first  ocean-steamer,  the  "  Savannah,"  crossed  the  At- 
lantic, until  the  present,  when  fleets  of  magnificent  vessels  almost  daily  clear 
from  our  ports,  there  is  no  art  in  which  greater  or  more  important  improvements 
have  been  made  than  in  naval  architecture.  It  is  with  the  desire  to  supply  our 
readers  with  the  latest  and  best  information  regarding  this  unparalleled  progress, 
that  we  have  decided  to  lay  before  them  illustration  and  full  description  of  tho 
finest  steamer  plying  between  New  York  and  European  cities.  The  "  Cali- 
fornia" is  the  first  completed  of  a  fleet  of  seven  vessels,  now  building  in  Glas- 
gow, and  belonging  to  the  celebrated  Anchor  Line.  .  .  .  After  giving  a 
very  flattering  and  exhaustive  description  of  the  model  steamer,  the  article  con- 
cludes by  saying:  The  vessel  is  equipped  and  conducted  by  an  enterprising  line, 
whoso  sole  anxiety  is  to  please  their  passengers,  and  to  convey  them  to  their 
destination  with  every  care  and  comfort. — The  Manufacturer  and  guilder,  Au- 
gust 18,  1872. 

Frcm  New  York  to  Scotland. 

It  is  surprising  how  much  is  done  on  board  these  ocsan-stcamers,  in 
providing  not  only  for  the  comfort  but  also  for  the  luxuries  of  tho  passengers, 
so  that  a  voyage  across  the  Atlantic  is  very  much  like  boarding  for  a  week  at  a 
first-class  hotel — a  variety  of  entertainments,  musical,  literary,  etc.,  have  been 
provided,  and  every  evening,  for  one  purpose  or  another,  we  have  had  in  the 
saloon  pleasant  and  interesting  gatherings.  Many  of  the  passengers  spend  most 
of  their  time  on  deck,  walking  to  and  fro,  playing  shuffle-board,  or  betaking 
themselves  to  a  variety  of  other  amusements,  to  relieve  the  tedium  of  the  voy- 
age. In  looking  back  over  this  voyage,  I  can  truly  say  that  rarely  have  ten  days 
of  my  life  passed  more  delightfully. —  Woonsocket  Patrkt,  August  2,  1872. 

Anchor  Line. 

The  "  Caledonia,"  which  was  in  port  last  week,  has  been  lengthened  over  50 
feet,  and  is  now  320  feet  long.  Her  engines  are  on  the  compound  principle,  sur- 
face-condensing, of  400  nominal  horse-power,  having  a  pressure  of  65  pounds  of 
steam  to  the  square  inch.  Her  saloon  has  been  beautifully  fitted  up.  The  state- 
rooms aro  fitted  up  in  first-class  style,  and  contain  the  latest  improvements  in 
the  introduction  of  hot  and  cold  water,  etc.  Electric  bells  are  also  attached 
from  each  state-room  to  the  steward's  department.  She  has  three  decks,  tho 
upper  forming  a  grand  promcnade-deek.  On  this  deck  arc  several  smoking 
and  conversation  saloons,  and  the  ship  is  fitted  with  the  patent  steering-gear. — 
New  York  Kautical  Gc.zitte,  August  3,  1872. 

A  Real  Life-Romance. 

People  who  read  in  books  of  poor  boys  who  rise  to  be  great  merchants,  say, 
"  That  is  all  well  enough  for  romances,  but  in  real  life  we  find  the  road  crowded, 
and  success  a  long  way  off."  The  following  truthful  incidents  teach  a  needed 
lesson  to  all  aspirants  never  to  weary  in  well-doing : 

Some  forty  years  ago,  four  little  Scotch  boys  began  their  sea-life,  starting  out 
from  the  Clyde  in  little  smacks,  and  gradually  rising  in  the  gradations  of  ton- 
nage and  rig  until  they  had  served  in  schooners,  brigs,  barks,  ships,  and  steam- 


THE  ANCHOR  LINE  OF  STEAMERS. 


G3 


ers,  and  were  conversant  with  every  detail  in  connection  with  these  different 
types  of  vessels.  Readily  acquiring  knowledge,  and  practising  economy  and 
Bterling  integrity,  these  boys  grew  up  to  manhood  imbued  with  all  the  intelli- 
gence necessary  with  which  to  build  a  lasting  business  structure,  which  year  by 
year  should  increase  in  magnitude  and  power.  They  saw  several  attempts  made 
to  establish  steam-traffic  between  the  port  of  Glasgow  and  the  rich  and  rapidly- 
developing  marts  of  the  New  World,  and  as  often  saw  them  fail.  In  due  time 
they  banded  together  for  tho  purpose  of  developing  a  business  which  has  rap- 
idly grown  to  be  of  enormous  magnitude,  and  which  is  yet  destined  to  outrival 
their  most  sanguine  expectations.  These  little  Scotch  boys  rapidly  rose  to  be 
tho  world-wide-known  iirm  of  llandyside  &  Henderson,  of  Glasgow,  the  ownei'3 
of  The  Anchor  Line. 

The  Anchor  is  now  the  only  lino  running  express  passenger-steamers  to  and 
from  New  York  and  Glasgow.  By  this  route  passengers  are  booked  at  through- 
rates  to  or  from,  any  sea-port  or  railroad  station  in  the  world.  These  steamers  are 
first-class  in  every  respect,  safe,  comfortable,  reliable,  and  splendidly  equipped. 
The  company's  offices  are  at  324  Wabash  avenue,  corner  of  Congress  Street,  Chi- 
cago, Henderson  Brothers,  Agents,  and  at  7  Bowling  Green,  New  York. — Omalia 
Herald,  August  9,  1872. 

Another  New  Anchor  Line. 

To  those  who  wish  to  see  a  nice  steamer,  we  would  say,  by  no  means  fail  to 
visit  the  "  California,"  of  The  Anciiok  Line.  She  sails  to-day  brimful  of  pas- 
sengers and  cargo,  and  with  many  a  "God-speed!"  following  her  across  the 
ocean-ferry. —  Wo'rJcingmeri's  Advocate,  August,  18V2. 

The  Anchor  Line  and  its  New  Steamers. 

It  is  unprofitable  business  to  discuss  the  causes  which  have  led  to  the  transfer 
of  tho  sea-going  steam-traffic  between  our  country  and  Europe  to  foreign  hands, 
and  the  only  feeling  now  inspired  among  Americans,  by  the  knowledge  that  Eng- 
lishmen, Scotchmen,  Frenchmen,  and  Germans,  control  the  bulk  of  our  foreign 
passenger-travel,  is  one  of  satisfaction  that  they  are  so  well  and  faithfully 
served.  The  Cunard  lino,  the  Inman  line,  and  others,  are  familiar  enough  to 
American  travellers  abroad,  and  to  emigrants  and  Europeans  crossing  the  At- 
lantic to  this  country,  and  no  line  of  the  many  now  in  operation  has  grown  into 
popular  favor  with  such  rapidity  as  that  which  forms  the  subject  of  this  notice. 
In  sixteen  years  llandyside  &  Henderson,  of  Glasgow,  the  owners  of  The  An- 
chor steamers,  have  developed  a  vast  business  in  the  Atlantic  and  Mediterra- 
nean traffic,  to  the  requirements  of  which  the  forty-six  steamers  they  now  have 
employed  hav.c  proved  inadequate.  Since  1856,  no  less  than  seventeen  steamers, 
ranging  from  1,500  to  3,500  tons  each,  have  been  put  into  the  Atlantic  carrying- 
trade  by  this  firm,  which  now  sends  a  new  boat,  larger,  more  costly,  more  thor- 
oughly equipped  than  any  of  its  predecessors,  which  is  the  avant  courrier  of  a  fleet 
of  sea-going  vessels  of  a  type  unequalled  in  the  Atlantic  trade.  The  "  California," 
the  first  of  the  series,  the  appearance  of  which  in  New  York  harbor  is  made 
the  subject  of  a  letter  elsewhere  printed,  surprised  and  delighted  thousands 
who  visited  her,  and  she  sailed  out  of  the  port  a  week  since  with  a'passenger- 
list  and  cargo  such  as  no  new  boat  ever  carried  from  America  before.  The  day 
before  her  departure  was  made  tho  occasion  of  a  grand  banquet  given  by  Mr. 
Henderson  to  the  press  of  New  York.  Tho  published  descriptions  give  many 
noteworthy  details  of  public  interest.  The  "  California  "  is  an  iron  screw  steamer 
of  3,288  tons,  is  362  feet  in  length,  41  feet  beam,  with  high  decks,  and  most  lux- 
uriously-fitted cabins,  and  the  finest  grand  saloon  contained  in  any  sea-going 
steamer  now  afloat.  It  is  forty  feet  in  width  and  forty-five  in  length,  with  pan- 
elling of  polished  light  and  dark  woods,  adorned  with  choice  carving  and  gold. 
A  piano  and  library  add  to  its  many  attractions.  Electric  bell-knobs  are  placed 
at  every  convenient  point  for  use  of  passengers  in  summoning  attendants.  Each 
state-room  contains  two  berths,  the  lower  one  being  transformed  into  a  double 
one  at  the  pleasure  of  the  occupant  of  the  room.  Porcelain  wash-stands  and 
bowls,  swinging  mirrors,  and  chaste  and  heavy  upholstery,  make  up  the  details 
of  the  interior  arrangement  of  what  are  undoubtedly  the  roomiest  and  most 
convenient  quarters  yet  provided  for  a  nine  days'  residence  for  the  traveller 
across  the  sea.  Two  large  bath-rooms  are  placed  on  either  side  of  the  ladies' 
boudoir,  and  aft  is  a  nursery  and  children's  play-room.  The  seoond  cabin,  in 
which  passengers  are  carried  at  a  reduction  of  $10  from  the  chief  cabin  price, 
is  neat,  light,  and  airy,  and  equally  as  comfortable  as  the  higher-priced  quarters 
aft.  Still  farther  forward  are  the  quarters  for  the  "intermediates,"  another  class 
of  passengers.  To  sum  up,  the  new  boat  is  probably  to-day  the  best  represent- 
ative of  the  Atlantic  carrying-trade  now  afloat.  Six  other  steamers  of  like 
build  are  to  follow,  the'second  of  which,  the  "  Victoria,"  has  just  been  launched, 
and  the  other  five  are  all  in  course  of  construction.  Within  a  year  from  the 
date  of  the  "  California's  "  launch,  llandyside  &  Henderson  will  have  the  whole 
fleet  in  operation,  at  a  cost  to  them  of  not  less  than  $3,000,000.  The  tide  of 
summer  travel  in  this  country  has  set  toward  Europe  this  year  as  never  before, 
and  to  the  public,  whom  business  or  pleasure,  the  demands  of  private  enter- 
prise, or  the  attractions  of  sight-seeing,  may  call  to  this  country,  or  from  this  to 
the  old,  TnE  Anchor  Line  now  offers  the  advantages  of  the  best  attainable  con- 
venience and  safety  at  moderate  rates. — Inter- Ocean,  August  23,  1872. 


The  Anchor  Line 

Possesses  one  of  the  finest  fleets  of  steamers  in  the  world;  is  the  most  im- 
portant of  the  steamship  lines  in  point  of  number  of  vessels  and  ports  sailed 
from  ;  and  has  by  its  energy  and  enterprise  merited  the  confidence  of  the  public, 
until  the  line  of  1863  has  grown  from  three  steamers  in  that  year  to  thirty-six  in 
1871 ;  tho  liberal  policy,  which  has  always  characterized  the  owners  of  this 
line,  having  made  it  a  special  favorite  with  the  travelling  public.  No  line  of 
steamers  will  take  passengers  cheaper  than  the  favorite  Anchor  Line,  as  passen- 
gers are  guaranteed  every  advantage  regarding  fare,  etc.,  that  any  other  line  can 
offer.  Travellers  desirous  of  securing  comfort  and  saving  time,  should  buy 
their  tickets  over  The  Anchor  Line  international  route. — Zambcrlville  Beacon, 
August  23,  1872. 

The  Anchor  Lino 

Is  one  of  tho  finest  in  the  world,  and  the  most  important  of  the  steamship 
lines  in  number  of  vessels  and  ports  sailed  from.  The  arrangements  of  the  sa- 
loons, state-rooms,  steerages,  and  the  accommodation  for  cabin  and  steerage 
passengers  are  all  of  the  most  complete  order.  Luggage  is  carefully  handled, 
the  officers  agreeable,  living  good,  vessels  safe,  and  passage  low.  The  owners 
having  put  down  the  fares  to  a  very  low  figure,  not  on  account  of  any  inferiority 
to  any  other  steamship  line,  but  for  the  purpose  of  making  their  business  greater 
than  ever,  travellers  should  not  misunderstand  the  fact. — Bordentown  Register, 
August  30,  1872. 

The  Ocean  Chain.— A  Transatlantic  Ferry,— The  Chain  that  connects  Europe 
and  America.— The  Rose,  Shamrock,  and  Thistle.— Ship-Building  leaving  the 
Thames  for  the  Clyde.— Scotch  Characteristics.— The  Island  of  Saints  and  the 
Continent  of  Plenty.— A  Lesson  for  Boys  — A  Eight  Royal  Fleet,  nobly  cre- 
ated, ably  managed,  skilfully  commanded,  and  justly  admired.— The  Bed 
Anchor  of  the  Clyde.— The  Boston  Agency. 

Commerce  spreads  her  golden  sheen  across  the  Atlantic,  and  gilds  the  chain 
of  naval  homes  and  warehouses  that  nearly  reach  from  shore  to  shore. 

The  Transatlantic  steamship  lines  are  increasing  in  number,  and  each  com- 
pany's fleet  is  increasing  in  size. 

We  have  passed  in  review  in  these  columns  those  portions  of  tJie  Anglo- 
American  mercantile  navy  that  are  owned  by  the  old  and  conservative  Cunard 
firm  ;  the  popular  house  of  Inman  &  Co.  ;  the  National  Company,  that  has  grown 
so  much  in  public  favor;  and  the  White  Star  owners,  whose  popularity  have 
brought  them  such  early  and  marked  success. 

THE  ANCnOE  LINE. 

We  this  week  present  to  our  readers  an  illustration,  taken  from  a  photograph, 
of  the  splendid  new  steamship  "  California."  This  is  one  of  a  sisterhood  of  new 
vessels  recently  built  or  in  course  of  construction  for  the  company,  and  they 
are  all  marvels  of  strength,  beauty,  and  finish.  Their  sailing  qualities  are  unsur- 
passed, and  rarely  equalled.  In  the  catalogue  of  The  Anchor  Fleet,  these  new 
ships  are  the  " California,"  "  Castalia,"  "Olympia,"  "Ethiopia,"  "Italia,'' 
"  Utopia,"  "  Victoria,"  "  Bolivia,"  and  "  Trinaeria." 

The  "California"  was  built  and  finished  at  Glasgow,  Scotland,  during  the 
present  year,  by  Alexander  Stephens  &  Sons,  and  is  an  iron  screw-steamer  of 
3,287.08  gross  tons,  is  361.5  feet  in  length,  40.5  in  beam,  24.5  feet  depth  from  ton- 
nage-deck to  coiling,  and  31.5  feet  from  upper-deck  to  ceiling.  Her  beam  being  so 
great,  makes  her  a  very  safe  and  easy  vessel  at  sea.  She  has  two  compound, 
vertical,  direct-acting  engines,  with  one  cylinder  103  inches  in  diameter,  and  one 
57  inches  in  diameter,  with  four  feet  stroke  of  piston,  working  up  to  1,047  horse- 
power, and  built  at  the  Finnieston  Steamship  Works.  Her  steam-power  is  gen- 
erated in  six  boilers,  tested  to  a  pressure  of  70  pounds,  and  a  donkey-boiler  for 
supplying  steam  to  the  windlass,  winch,  and  other  labor-saving  engines. 

A  small  engine  connecting  with  a  centrifugal  pump  placed  in  the  starboard 
wing,  which  is  a  powerful  spare  bilge-pump,  and  also  acts  as  a  ventilating  fan, 
driving  a  strong,  fresh  current  of  air  through  all  the  passenger-spaces,  as  well  as 
the  cargo-holds,  adding  much  to  the  comfort  and  sanitary  condition  of  all  on  the 
vessel.    This  is  among  the  best  of  the  new  ideas  introduced  into  this  vessel. 

She  is  provided  with  all  the  luxurious  appointments  of  modern  hotels,  has 
baths,  hot  and  cold  water,  etc.  Each  bedroom  is  connected  with  the  steward's 
office  by  means  of  electric  bells  ;  saloon  drawing-rooms  gorgeously  decorated 
and  upholstered ;  library  furnished  with  choicest  literature  ;  piano  in  the  saloon, 
where  the  passengers  indulge  in  matinees  and  evening  concerts.  Dining-saloon 
extends  from  side  to  side,  and  is  amidships,  where  least  motion  is  exp'erienced ; 
a  smoking-room  for' gentlemen  ;  a  boudoir  and  deck-house  for  ladies  have  also 
been  provided. 

On  the  2Sth  the  "  California,"  the  latest,  largest,  finest  addition,  in  fact,  the 
pride  of  the  Anchor  Line  Fleet,  will  leave  New  York — is  commanded  by  the 
veteran  commodore,  Captain  James  Craig,  and  has  every  improvement  for  comfort 
and  luxury  that  experience  and  observation  can  suggest. 

Forty  years  ago,  four  Scotch  boys  began  a  life  of  industry  and  saving;  in 
process  of  time,  they  grew  rich,  and  the  firm  of  llandyside  &  Henderson  became 
world-renowned.  Their  Atlantic  fleet  had  a  small  beginning.  In  1863,  it  con- 
sisted of  but  three  vessels.  In  1872,  it  had  assumed  the  royal  proportions  which 
include  thirty-six  powerful  ships,  from  1,500  to  4,500  tons  burden.    Thus  it  has 


64 


THE  ANCHOR  LINE  OF  STEAMERS. 


arrived  at  the  proud  position  where  it  claims  to  be  the  most  important  of  the 
Transatlantic  linos,  in  point  of  number  of  vessels  and  ports  sailed  from. 

Our  readers  seem  to  prefer  that  we  should  name  the  steamers  that  came  under 
our  review.  On  this  occasion,  the  list  is  a  very  long  one,  but  we  will  give  it 
alphabetically  for  reference : 


Vessels.  Commanders. 

Acadia  Tannoek, 

Alexandria  Mackay, 

Auglia  Small, 

Assyria  Smith, 

Australia  Iledderwick, 

Bolivia  (Building) 

Britannia  Iliggins, 

Caledonia  Ovenstone, 

California  Craig, 

Castalia  (Building) 

Columbia  Mackie, 

Despatch  Dcwar, 

Don*  Pedro  Rutherford, 

Dorian  Young, 

Ethiopia  (Building) 

Europa  Cam  pbell , 

India  Brown, 

Iowa  i  Grcig. 


Vessels.  Commanders. 

Ismailia  Ovcrstone, 

Italia  (Building) 

Livonia  Lueas, 

Macedon  Murdock, 

Messina  Eaglcsom, 

Napoli  Edwards, 

Olympia  Young, 

Boma  Ramsay, 

Scandinavia  Harvey, 

Scotia  Lawson, 

Sidouian  Mackay, 

Trinacria  Thomson, 

Trojan  McQueen, 

Tyrian  Greig, 

Utopia  (Building) 

Valetta  Butler, 

Venezia  Henderson, 

Victoria  Munro. 


The  names  of  the  craft  will  suggest  the  world-wide  interest  catered  for  by  the 
line. 

SPECIAL  ADVANTAGES  OF  THE  LINE. 

In  common  with  the  principal  Atlantic  lines,  this  company  has  adopted  all 
the  latest  improvements,  means  of  comfort  and  safety  ;  appliances  for  speed,  and 
conveniences  and  arrangements  for  health  and  luxury.  It  is  particularly  the 
most  desirable  line  for  travellers  between  Scotland  and  America;  it  is  the 
only  line  passing  the  northern  coast  of  the  island  of  Saints,  and  therefore  is  pref- 
erable for  tourists  and  emigrants  coming  from  or  going  to  Londonderry,  Antrim, 
Down,  Tyrone,  Donegal,  Fermanagh,  Monaghau,  Armagh,  Louth,  Meath,  West- 
meath,  Longford,  Cavan,  Leitrim,  Roscommon,  Sligo,  Mayo,  and  Galway.  It  is 
the  cheapest  line,  for,  although  the  accommodation  is  princely,  the  fare  is  only 
sixty  dollars  for  saloon  passengers,  and  proportionally  low  for  intermediate  and 
Htcerage  passengers.  Thus,  for  a  considerable  portion  of  those  who  cross  the 
Atlantic  The  Anchor  Line  offers  the  shortest  route,  and  therefore  the  quickest 
passage  ;  and  to  all  voyagers  a  saving  of  expense  is  afforded  by  the  low  fares  and 
through  rates. 

THE  AGENCIES  OF  TnE  COMPANY" 

arc  lucrative  appointments  in  the  hands  of  good  men  in  all  parts  of  America  and 
Europe.  Passage-tickets  may  be  purchased  at  all  principal  ports  and  inland 
towns  at  the  same  price  as  at  the  head  offices. 

It  is  the  duty  of  each  agent  to  facilitate  travel  by  being  well  posted  in  the 
advantages  of  the  line  ho  represents. 

As  we  are  all  interested  in  the  increase  of  intercourse  between  Europe  and 
America,  and  the  flow  of  immigration,  let  us  recapitulate  some  of  the  advantages 
of  Tns  Anchor  Line. 

CABIN  PASSENGERS, 

Besides  all  other  luxuries,  are  supplied  with  an  excellent  table.  They  can 
book  through  to  England,  Ireland,  or  other  parts  of  Europe,  and  yet  stop  at 
Glasgow — visit  any  part  of  Scotland,  and  resume  their  .journey  at  pleasure. 

STEERAGES 

are  large  and  exceedingly  well  lighted  and  ventilated;  are  fitted  up  in  rooms, 
each  passenger  having  a  separate  sleeping-berth.  The  married,  the  single  women, 
and  the  single  men,  are  in  different  compartments,  and  every  comfort  and  atten- 
tion is  provided  that  is  possible  on  an  ocean-steamer. 

STEERAGE  PASSENGERS 

are  provided  with  a  never-ceasing  supply  of  fresh  water,  and  an  abundance  of 
food  of  the  best  quality  properly  cooked,  and  served  by  the  company's  stewards, 
three  times  a  day  (no  restriction  as  to  quantity  will  be  made,  so  long  as  no  ab- 
solute waste  is  observable),  but  are  required  to  provide  themselves  with  bed- 
ding and  mess-tins,  which  can  be  had  in  Glasgow  or  New  York  for  about  $3. 

GENERAL  REMARKS. 

Express  passenger-steamers,  branch  lines,  tributary  connections  with  steam- 
boats and  railroads,  the  shortest  route  in  the  quickest  time,  and  at  the  lowest  rates, 
are  characteristics  of  this  line.  By  its  arrangements  with  subsidiary  and  connect- 
ing lines  of  steamboats  and  railroads,  passengers  arc  bookod  (with  coupon-tickets) 
to  and  from  any  sea-port  or  railway  station  in  the  world.  Many  Bostonians 
well  know  the  pleasure  of  a  trip  in  a  first-class  Anchor  Line  ship  ;  and  speak 
highly  of  the  safety  and  comfort  of  the  line.  Clergymen  especially  are  pleased 
witli  the  order  and  discipline  that  always  pervade  these  vessels. 

THE  NEW  YORK  OFFICE. 

For  care  and  dispatch  in  handling  freights,  and  for  meeting  the  wishes  of  ex- 
porters and  importers  in  a  liberal  spirit,  The  Anchor  Line  management  at  New 
York  is  justly  appreciated  by  merchants  and  shippers. 


THE  BOSTON  AGENCY". 

The  merchants  and  pcoplo  generally  in  Massachusetts  would  be  heartily 
glad  to  see  some  of  these  fine  ships  visiting  this  port  weekly.  We  have  reason 
for  believing  that  freights  and  passengers  enough  could  be  found  to  make  tho 
arrangement  profitable  to  the  company.  In  the  meanwhile  it  is  gratifying  to 
Bostonians  that  Messrs.  C.  L.  Bartlett  &  Co.,  whose  offices  have  been  so  well 
known  during  the  last  quarter  of  a  century,  in  Broad  Street  in  this  city,  and 
whose  reputation  as  general  shipping  and  commission  merchants  lias  been  held 
so  highly,  are  giving  special  attention  to  this  agency.  Both  Mr.  C.  L.  Bartlett 
and  his  junior,  Mr.  Edward  A.  Adams,  desire  that  all  New-Englanders  should 
adopt  The  Anchor  Line  route  to  and  from  Europe.  If  earnestness,  courtesy, 
promptness,  and  energy,  can  achieve  their  object,  they  will  certainly  succeed. 
With  a  wide  knowledge  of  agents,  we  have  rarely  met  their  equals  in  advancing 
the  interests  of  their  principals,  with  a  due  regard  to  their  duties  to  the  public. 
The  popularity  of  The  Anchor  Line  is  daily  increasing  here. — Boston  Trades 
Journal,  Sc^temher  14,  1872. 

Leaving  for  England. 

[FROM  OUB  ENGLISH  CORRESPONDENT.] 

Mr.  Editor  :  Two  years  ago  your  correspondent  was  standing  on  the  prow  of 
the  "  Australia  " — one  of  the  beautiful  vsssels  belonging  to  the  excellent  fleet  of 
steamships  owned  by  TnE  Anchor  Line — among  the  living  hundreds  of  her 
passengers  who  crowded  that  part  of  the  ship,  watching  with  eager  and  piercing 
eye  for  the  first  discernible  land  of  the  American  Continent.  Carefully  we  focused 
our  sight  for  the  longest  distance  by  means  of  the  straight  cords  of  the  eye,  that 
we  might  discover  land.  The  beginning  of  our  watch  was  fruitless  ;  but  as  we 
continued  to  make  observation,  we  descried  off  far  away  in  the  distance,  away 
where  the  horizon  and  the  sea-wave  twined  arms,  pressed  cheek  to  cheek,  and 
blended  their  elements  in  indistinguishable  union,  a  shadow.  Among  those  dis- 
tant tints  and  shadows  there  was  this  one  shadow,  a  trifle  blacker  than  the  rest. 
Its  appearance  was  as  a  vein,  a  streak,  or  a  line.  It  seemed  to  have  grown  up 
out  of  the  water  ;  and  then  it  looked  as  if  it  was  up  among  the  clouds.  Which 
was  it?  Was  it  standing  in  water  ;  or  was  it  up  in  the  ether — which?  We  sailed 
toward  it;  we  drew  nearer  that  fairy-like  and  puzzlesomc  pencilling  ;  it  became 
denser  and  bolder  ;  we  traced  its  form  ;  its  ambiguous  positions  became  defined, 
and  by  the  naked  eye,  unaided  by  the  telescope,  we  delighted  as  we  realized 
"  land  ahead,"  and  not  "  afar  off  "  either.  Oh,  how  welcome  !  Leaped  many  a 
heart  in  that  hour.  Did  Columbus  feel  glad  when  he  heard  the  cry,  "  Land 
ahead?"  Equally  pleased  were  we  at  the  same  sound.  For  sea-tossed,  wave- 
bound,  sky-ceilinged,  for  ten  tedious  days,  each  of  twenty-four  realizable  hours, 
we  had  been  sailing  for  the  States,  and  now  we  should  soon  be  there,  our  voyage 
over,  our  end  reached. 

Our  good  steamer  had  glided  over  her  sea-way  ;  she  had  behaved  admirably. 
Her  wedge-like  bow  had  plunged  thousands  of  times  into  the  surging  billows, 
cutting  the  main,  tossing  the  foam,  opening  a  pathway  in  the  mighty  deep.  Ono 
terrible  night,  when  the  wind  howled,  and  the  waves  dashed  furiously  against 
her  sides,  she  still  "  bore  ahead,"  outriding  the  storm,  and  swimming  afront  the 
boiling  ocean,  leaving  the  turbulent  waves  behind  to  finish  their  frightful  battle. 

But  we  were  tired  of  our  confinement;  tired  of  our  solitude;  tired  of  that 
unvarying  monotony,  a  ring  of  blue  and  a  belt  of  water  ;  tired  of  the  sameness 
of  all  things.  Our  only  relief,  with  the  exception  of  a  few  schools  of  fish,  being 
the  vision  of  a  score  or  two  of  snow-white  sail  forming  a  fishing  fleet,  ranged  in 
the  shape  of  a  crescent,  and  seen  in  the  mellow  hues  of  a  gorgeous  sunset ;  and  a 
number  of  screams  of  a  true  representative  of  the  States — an  emblematic  and  bald 
old  eagle,  that  flew  out  to  our  ship,  perched  on  the  top  of  our  main-mast  and  sails 
in  turn,  screeching,  as  our  lively  imaginations  conceited,  in  bird-voice,  "  Wel- 
come, strangers !  to 

The  land  of  the  free, 

And  tho  home  of  the  brave.'  " 

But  presently  we  sailed  into  the  bay  of  the  metropolis,  and  the  anchor  went 
down  with  a  splash.  This  was  at  night.  Morning  came,  and  saw  us  on  the 
wharf;  and  many  a  one  in  that  early  day  inhaled  a  great  free  breath  of  relief  and 
satisfaction  in  standing  on  terra  firma  onco  more.  We  felt  our  old  and  accus- 
tomed freedom  had  returned;  and  we  might  now  go  ahead  over  thousands  ot 
miles  of  rich  soil,  east,  west,  north,  or  south,  as  wo  willed,  either  for  pleasure  or 
profit. 

I  need  not  tell  you  how  new  and  strange  every  thing  seemed  to  your  corre- 
spondent, who  had  always  lived  in  the  old  country.  You  can  readily  imagine 
all.  But  a  few  weeks  served  to  acquaint  mo  with  tho  customs'of  tho  new  land, 
and  I  became  a  tolerably  fair  Yankee.  My  tonguo  slid  glibly  round  his  peculiar 
phrases ;  I  could  call  shops  stores ;  and,  in  short,  got  on  well  enough,  except 
when  I  tumbled  into  an  Anglicanism,  to  my  mortification  and  horror. 

Two  years  have  passed  since  I  landed.  A  retrospection  of  those  two  years 
is  needless.  God  knows  all— my  labors,  sufferings,  afflictions,  wanderings,  mis- 
takes, confessions,  pardons,  and  all  the  threads  of  warp  and  woof  that  enter  into 
the  fabric  of  life. 

But  now  there  stand  two  boxes  in  my  bedroom,  packed  and  ready  to  be  carted 
off,  and  in  silence  they  are  profoundly  emphatic  in  this  suggestion — leaving  the 
country. 

Yes,  going  home!   Home,  how  beautiful  even  the  thought  of  itl   Nono  but 


THE  AXCHOR  LIXE  OF  STEAMERS. 


G3 


those  who  have  first  had  a  happy  and  inviting  home,  and  have  left  it  to  be  worn 
with  the  friction  of  other  climates,  and  to  wander  in  the  shelterless  outside,  can 
fully  appreciate  the  delights  of  "  the  old  house  at  home."  The  grass  grows 
greener  on  the  plot  fronting  home.  The  fields  all  about  it  are  more  verdant. 
The  "  chatter"  of  the  brook  near  by  is  more  musical.  The  flowers  bloom  pret- 
tier, and  emit  more  fragrance  to  bathe  in  perfume  our  "  sweet,  sweet  home." 
The  skies  are  brighter  above  it.  The  sunbeams  that  dance  on  it,  that  climb  up 
its  walls,  and  enter  into  its  windows,  seem  to  have  a  deeper  tinge  of  gold  in  their 
heavenly  laugh.  The  rooms  are  more  cosy  than  those  of  other  homes.  The  fire 
in  the  grate  or  stove  is  cheerier.  Our  loved  ones  are  the  best  of  all  loved  ones. 
Their  voices  are  more  symphonious ;  their  songs  more  musical.  Their  eyes  are 
expressive  of  the  best  of  good-will.  Criticism  does  not  always  sit  at  ear-gate  to 
try  our  awkward  sentences.  Their  kiss  is  balm  and  myrrh.  The  prattle  of  our 
little  ones  is  inimitably  sweet.  Our  prayer-meetings  are  united  and  loving  ap- 
plications to  "our  Father"  in  heaven  through  our  Elder  Brother,  for  his  grace 
to  keep  us  still  in  the  unity  of  the  Spirit  in  righteousness  by  faith.  Our  praise- 
meetings  are  gushings  of  heart-rivers  into  the  illimitable  Ocean.  The  church  in 
our  house  is  high  church,  for  it  is  the  church  of  God ;  low  church,  for  it  takes  in 
the  little  ones;  and  broad  church,  for  it  admits  all  into  fellowship.  Oh,  what 
place  is  there  like  home  ?  Where  love  is,  it  is  a  type  of  the  home  beyond. 
Home,  sweet  home  !    And  sweet  the  thought,  11  Homeward  bound." 

"  How  are  you  going  I"  '•  By  what  route  ? "  "  Which  way  ? "  Mr.  Editor, 
people  will  be  curious ;  but  perhaps  some  of  them  will  want  to  go  to  England 
some  day,  "  when  they  can  afford  it ;  "  and  I  feel  sure  you  will  not  object  to  my 
telling  you  and  them  about  a  way  I  call  our  way.  Yes,  going  by  "  our  route  ; " 
for  there  is  one  route  decidedly  ours ;  ours  by  constant  patronage  ;  ours  by  the 
preference  which  our  people  seem  to  give  it.  Five  of  us  came  over  in  the  same 
ship  at  one  time  by  it ;  three  have  just  returned  by  it ;  others  known  to  me  have 
made  this  route  their  step-over  line  ;  by  the  same  way  your  correspondent  ex- 
pects, if  the  Lord  will,  to  return.    I  refer  to  The  Axxhob  Li>~e. 

A  brief  account  of  this  line  will  be  of  general  interest,  as  showing  what  in- 
dustry, civility,  and  perseverance,  united,  may  accomplish.  -In  the  year  1S63  it 
began  with  a  triplet  of  steamers  ;  but  additions  have  been  continually  made  to 
meet  the  increasing  demand  for  accommodation,  until,  in  the  brief  space  of  nine 
years,  The  Aschob  Lute  sails  a  fleet  of  forty  vessels,  as  trim  and  handsome  a 
set  of  clipper  steamers  as  specks  the  ocean.  The  agents  are  those  canny  Scots, 
the  Messrs.  Henderson  Brothers,  whose  reputation  on  both  sides  of  the  water  is 
only  bounded  by  the  limits  of  language  and  human  kind.  As  for  the  vessels 
and  accommodation,  as  far  as  our  experience  extends,  and  we  are  competent  to 
judge,  they  are  equal  to  the  best ;  they  are  of  the  best ;  and  the  question  is, 
if  they  are  not  the  best.  The  New  England  agents  are  Messrs.  C.  L.  Bartlett 
&  Co.,  16  Broad  Street,  Boston.  Gentlemanly,  courteous,  and  obliging,  they  tell 
your  correspondent  they  will  give  all  the  advantages  to  our  people  and  their 
friends  which  can  be  given  by  the  New  York  agency.  One  of  the  inducements 
they  offer  is  a  $65  and  $75  cabin-passage,  as  against  $75  and  $S5  by  other  lines. 
Steerage  $28,  as  against  $30  and  $33. 

But  I  hope  to  make  my  next  letter  more  interesting,  by  detailing  life  on  ship- 
board. Let  me,  then,  wave  to  the  readers  of  the  Crisis  for  the  present  a  hearty 
adieu !  The  grace  of  Christ  sustain  each  beloved  saint  in  trial.  And  may  that 
God  whose  "  way  is  in  the  sea,"  whose  "  path  is  in  the  great  waters,"  and  whose 
41  footsteps  are  not  known,"  go  before  the  good  ship  "Anglia,"  and  lead  the 
way  propitiously  and  calmly  to  its  destination,  restoring  your  brother  and  cor- 
respondent to  his  friends  and  home  !  "  Finally,  brethren,  farewell  I  "  w.  k. 
— Boston  World's  Crisis,  September  IS,  1872. 

Wanderings  in  Europe. 

Our  voyage  across  the  ocean  was  charming,  and  seemed  really  more  like  a 
trip  over  one  of  our  beautiful  lakes  than  a  sail  across  the  trackless  deep.  The 
weather  was  delightful,  our  ship's  company  pleasant,  and  our  vessel,  the  "  Cali- 
fornia," all  we  could  desire.  She  is  a  fine  steamship.  ...  As  we  slowly 
steamed  up  the  Clyde,  at  sunrise,  our  eyes  were  greeted  and  our  hearts  glad- 
dened with  one  of  the  most  beautiful  and  picturesque  scenes  we  ever  beheld. 
"What  Nature  lacked,  art  has  supplied,  and  the  two  combined  have  produced  a 
scene  of  loveliness  and  beauty  made  up  of  mountains,  hills,  highly-cultivated 
gardens,  charming  villages,  and  palatial  residences. 

It  has  been  our  lot  to  witness  no  such  scene  elsewhere,  and  it  is  one,  we  think, 
of  which  Scotchmen  may  well  be  proud.— Trenton  (X.  J.)  Slate. Journal,  September 
20, 1872. 

Beception. 

Messrs.  Henderson  Brothers,  the  agents  of  The  Anxhob  Lote  of  steamers, 
who  believe  good  men  should  be  appreciated,  give  a  lunch  to  the  general  railroad 
passenger  agents'  association,  on  board  the  steamship  "California"  this  after- 
noon, at  Pier  20  North  Biver.— Sew  Fork  Commercial  Advertiser,  September  23 
1872. 

The  entertainment  given  to  the  railroad  ticket  agents  yesterday  afternoon,  by 
the  owners  of  The  Axchob  Line  of  steamers  on  board  the  steamship  "  Cali- 
fornia," was  a  great  success,  more  than  fifty  gentlemen  accepting  the  invitation. 
—New  Tori  Commercial  Advertiser,  September  24,  1S72. 


The  Convention  of  Railroad  Men— The  Work  of  the  Ticket  Agents'  Associa- 
tion.—A  Beception  by  a  Steamship  Company. 

The  convention  of  the  railroad  ticket  agents,  convened  to  agree  upon  uniform 
rates  for  the  ensuing  winter,  held  another  session  at  the  St.  Nicholas  Hotel  yes- 
terday morning.  A  committee  of  seven  was  appointed  to  draft  a  new  constitu- 
tion and  by-laws  for  the  organization.  An  invitation  was  then  announced  from 
Tuk  Ascuob  Lixe  Steamship  Company,  asking  that  the  delegates  visit  their  new 
steamer  "  California,"  at  the  foot  of  Dey  Street,  and  partake  of  a  lunch  at  four 
o'clock.  The  invitation  was  accepted,  and  at  the  appointed  hour  the  members 
met  onboard  the  steamer,  where  they  were  received  by  the  officers  of  the  com- 
pany. Mr.  E.  A.  Ford,  of  St.  Louis,  president  of  the  National  Grand  Ticket 
Agents'  Association,  and  general  passenger  agent  of  the  Missouri  Pacific  Bailroad, 
presided.  There  were  a  number  of  distinguished  persons  present,  among  whom 
was  Mr.  Erastus  Brooks.  After  partaking  of  the  festivities,  Mr.  Ford  arose  and 
congratulated  the  gentlemen  present  upon  the  success  of  their  convention,  and 
in  their  behalf  thanked  Mr.  W.  Coverly,  agent  of  The  Axchoe  LtxE,  for  the 
entertainment  he  had  given  them. 

Mr.  Coverly  replied  in  a  few  well-chosen  words,  and  addresses  were  then 
made  by  Messrs.  James  Charlton,  Chicago  &  Alton  Bailroad ;  A.  A.  Barnes, 
Memphis  &  Charleston  Bailroad  ;  Samuel  Powell,  secretary  of  the  Chicago,  Bur- 
lington &  Quincy  Bailroad;  E.  St.  John,  Chic.igo,  Bock  Island  &  Pacific  Bail- 
road ;  Thomas  Dorwin,  Missouri,  Kansas  &  Texas  Railroad ;  Mr.  Douglas,  and 
others. 

A  gentleman  connected  with  the  New  York  press — after  repeated  calls  for 
Mr.  Erastus  Brooks,  who  had  left — made  some  remarks,  in  which  he  endeavored 
to  point  out  the  relations  of  the  railroads  to  the  Government  of  the  United  States. 
He  said  he  appeared  under  protest  ns  a  representative  of  the  New  York  press, 
simply  to  remind  the  ticket  agents  present  that,  no  matter  which  political  party 
succeeded  in  the  next  ten  years,  the  railroads  would  control  the  Government  of 
the  United  States.  The  progress  of  modem  events  had  settled  the  question  that 
either  the  railroads  should  run  the  Government  or  the  Government  should  run 
the  railroads.  He  believed  that,  no  matter  whether  Greeley  or  Grant  was  elected, 
the  next  five  years  woald  show  that  the  railroads  run  the  Government.  He 
thought  the  following  five  years  would  show  the  Government  of  the  United 
States  running  the  railroads.  He  didn't  see  any  compromise.  One  or  the  other 
would  happen.  For  himself,  he  fell  back  upon  the  metaphysics  of  Germany ; 
the  old,  old  notion,  familiar  to  those  who  were  familiar  with  German  literature 
and  the  Grecian  philosophy,  that  time  and  space  were  purely  human  conceptions, 
that  human  science  in  its  most  recent  manifestations  in  the  steamship  and  the 
railroad  had  abolished  time  and  space ;  that  the  railroads  of  this  country  had 
profited  by  the  abolition  of  time  and  space  due  to  steam.  So  far  the  railroad  was 
supreme ;  it  controlled  every  State  in  which  the  railroad  interests  were  closely 
connected.  The  speaker  had  predicted  that  five  years  hence  the  railroads  through 
their  votes  would  control  the  Government  of  the  United  States ;  these  men  had 
conquered  time  and  infinite  space.  He  had  no  wish  to  obtrude  eccentric  or  fan- 
ciful notions  upon  the  very  practicable  gentlemen  who  were  present,  but  he 
wished  them  to  understand  that  the  parties  of  the  future,  not  the  Grant  or  the 
Greeley  party,  but  the  parties  of  the  future,  would  settle  upon  the  question  as  to 
whether  the  Government  should  run  the  railroads  or  the  railroads  run  the  Gov- 
ernment. He  believed  that  for  some  time  to  come  the  great  Pacific  Bailroad 
would  control  the  National  Government,  and  that  whether  Greeley  or  Grant 
were  elected  they  would  be  the  servant  of  the  great  destroyers  of  time  and  space. 

Other  speeches  were  made  and  the  company  finally  adjourned  to  the  St.  Nich- 
olas Hotel,  where  an  evening  session  of  the  Convention  was  held. — Sew  York 
World,  September  24, 1872. 

The  Bailroad  Ticket-Agents 

Who  have  been  in  session  in  this  city  were  very  handsomely  entertained  yester- 
day by  the  owners  of  The  Aschob  Lixe  of  steamers  on  board  the  "  California." 
After  a  bountiful  lunch  in  the  saloon,  speeches  were  made  by  Mr.  Coverly,  man- 
ager of  the  line,  and  Messrs.  Charlton,  Barnes,  Douglas,  Johnson,  Powell,  and 
others.  The  delegates  to  this  convention  represent  all  sections  of  the  country, 
and,  what  they  don't  know  about  rates,  distances,  times,  and  whatever  belongs 
to  railroads  and  passengers,  is  not  worth  knowing.— Sew  York  Evening  Express, 
September  24,  1872. 

The  railroad  ticket  agents,  whose  sessions  are  still  in  progress  in  New  York, 
were  yesterday  entertained  by  the  owners  of  The  Axcuob  Lixe  of  steamers,  on 
steamer  "California."  Addresses  were  made  by  Messrs.  James  Charlton,  A.  A. 
Barnes,  Samuel  Powell,  E.  St.  John,  Thomas  Dorwin,  and  others. — Providence 
Journal,  September  25, 1S72. 

The  Anchor  Line  of  Ocean  Steamships. 

The  reputation  of  this  well-known  and  popular  line  of  ocean  steamships,  for 
staunchness,  safety,  reliability,  the  attention  paid  to  the  comforts  of  its  pas- 
sengers, and  the  urbanity  of  its  officers,  has  long  been  proverbial.  Dispensing 
with  the  stiff  ceremony  and  martinet  etiquette  w  hieh  characterize  too  many  of 
its  rivals,  the  object  of  its  managers  has  heretofore  been  to  make  the  cabin  a 
home  and  the  voyage  an  agreeable  one,  rather  than  chronicle  that  the  time  of 
such  and  such  a  steamer  had  been  beaten  by  half  an  hour. 


CG 


Til E  AX (  II OR  LINE  OF  STEAMERS. 


Intending,  however,  to  still  maintain  their  well-established  reputation  in  these 
respects,  they  have  also  determined  to  successfully  compete  in  time  made  with 
the  most  pretentious.  For  this  purpose  they  arc  now  building  one  of  the  most 
magnificent  and  powerful  fleets  which  has  ever  crossed  tho  Atlantic,  the  avant 
courrier  of  which,  the  "  California,"  is  acknowledged,  on  all  hands,  equal  in  every 
respect — and  superior  in  many — to  the  finest  specimen  of  naval  architecture 
possessed  by  any  other  ocean-lines. 

Another  and  very  important  advantageous  feature  of  this  line,  especially  to 
parties  desirous  of  bringing  out  emigrants  from  Continental  Europe,  is  the  fact 
that  passengers  arc  brought  from  Gothcnberg,  Christiania,  and  points  on  the 
Baltic,  in  vessels  of  The  Anchor  Line— and  transferred  direct  without  expense 
to  the  steamer  on  the  North  Atlantic  service,  thus  effecting  an  important  saving 
in  both  time  and  money.  Parties  desirous  of  spending  the  winter  in  Europe, 
going  by  The  Anchor,  can  secure  return-tickets,  good  for  one  yearf,  or  $120 
United  States  currency,  for  the  round  trip. 

Particular  attention  is  paid  to  the  comfort  and  food  of  steerage-passengers,  as 
thousands  can  testify  who  have  crossed  and  reerossed  the  Atlantic  in  Vessels  of 
this  line.  All  further  information  can  be  obtained  by  visiting  or  addressing  the 
office  of  the  company,  corner  of  Wabash  Avenue  and  Congress  Street.  Hender- 
son Brothers,  Agents. — Chicago  Workingmants  Advocate,  September  28,  1872. 

Anchor  Line. 

By  invitation  of  Messrs.  Henderson  Brothers,  the  delegates  to  the  Conven- 
tion of  General  Railroad  Ticket  Agents  visited  the  new  steamship  "  California," 
on  Monday.  A  thorough  inspection  of  the  vessel  was  made  by  the  visitors,  after 
which  they  were  invited  to  the  grand  saloon  to  accept  of  a  banquet.  After  par- 
taking of  the  festivities,  Mr.  B.  A.  Ford,  president  of  the  Grand  Ticket  Agents' 
Association,  arose,  and,  after  congratulating  the  members  present  upon  the 
success  of  the  convention,  thanked  Messrs.  Henderson  Brothers  and  Mr.  W. 
Coverly,  the  passenger  agent  of  the  line,  for  the  entertainment  given  them.  Mr. 
Coverly  replied  in  a  few  well-chosen  words,  and,  after  several  other  addresses 
had  been  delivered,  the  company  adjourned. — Nautical  Gazette,  September  28, 
1872. 

Reception  to  the  Railroad  Ticket  Agents. 

The  railroad  ticket  agents,  who  for  the  past  few  days  have  been  in  session  at 
the  St.  Nicholas  Hotel,  were  entertained  on  Monday,  September  23d,  by  the 
owners  of  The  Anchor  Line  of  steamers,  on  board  the  steamship  "  California." 
About  fifty  gentlemen  responded  to  tho  invitation,  and,  after  inspecting  the  ves- 
sel, sat  down  to  lunch  in  the  saloon.  Speeches  was  made  by  Mr.  Coverly,  the 
manager  of  the  lino,  and  Messrs.  Charlton,  Barnes,  Douglas,  Johnson,  Powell, 
and  others.  The  health  of  the  proprietors  was  drank.  The  agents  remained  in 
session  till  Wednesday,  when  tho  question  of  fares  for  emigrant  passengers  was 
discussed  at  some  length.  The  charges  in  the  schedule  of  passenger  rates  are 
for  the  present  withheld  from  publication. — New  York  Time-Table,  September  30, 
1872. 

The  Monarchs  of  Travel.— Reception  and  Luncheon  on  board  The  Anchor 
Line  Steamer  "  California."— Railroads  and  Propellers  in  Alliance. 

The  officers  of  TnE  Anchor  Line  of  Transatlantic  Steamships,  plying  be- 
tween New  York  and  Glasgow  via  Londonderry,  entertained  the  members  of  the 
General  Railway  Ticket  Agents'  Association  of  the  United  States  to  a  luncheon, 
a  few  days  ago,  on 'board  The  Anchor  Line  steamship  "California,"  about 
one  hundred  persons  being  seated  at  the  collation.  Before  assembling  in  the 
magnificent  dining  salon  of  the  steamship,  the  guests  interested  themselves 
by  inspecting  the  costly  fitting  and  decorations,  and  the  superb  appointments 
generally,  of  this  magnificent  sea-going  palace,  almost  every  feature  of  which 
elicited  from  them  the  most  ardent  expressions  both  of  surprise  and  admiration. 
The  "  California"  is  the  pioneer  vessel  of  five  of  her  class  and  dimensions,  now 
being  pushed  to  rapid  completion  by  The  Anchor  Line  Company,  and  which 
will  be  unsurpassed  by  any  thing  that  ever  floated  on  the  seas.  These,  too,  will 
make  a  total  licet  of  thirty  sail  plying  on  the  route. 

Shortly  before  five  o'clock  tho  company  of  invited  guests  proceeded  to  the 
grand-saloon  cabin,  where  a  lavish  display  of  culinary  skill  and  perfection  in 
achievement  presented  itself.  It  would  be  difficult,  indeed,  to  find  tables  spread 
with  greater  taste  in  any  hotel  in  the  world.  After  half  an  hour  spent  in  epicu- 
rean ecstasy  and  gastronomic  high  art,  Mr.  Coverly,  General  Passenger  Agent  in 
this  city  of  The  Anchor  Like,  proposed  a  toast  to  tho  health  of  the  invited 
guests,  which  was  briefly  and  courteously  responded  to  by  Mr.  Ford,  President 
of  the  Railroad  Ticket  Agents'  Association.  Then  followed  at  intervals  a  suc- 
cession of  bumpers  to  "  The  Anchor  Line,"  to  "  The  Henderson  Brothers," 
agents  of  the  company  ;  "  Our  Shipping  Interests,"  "  The  Travelling  Commu- 
nity," "Our  Railroad  Interests,"  "The  Press,"  and  so  forth,  together  with 
numerous  personal  toasts  to  gentlemen  present  and  absent,  who  are  identified  with 
enterprises  of  travel  and  commerce  ashoro  and  afloat.  A  letter  from  Mr.  Mac- 
Donald,  general  agent  of  the  company,  was  read,  expressing  his  regret  at  not 
being  present  to  participate.  All  these  toasts  and  sentiments  were  felicitously, 
and,  of  course,  sometimes  humorously  responded  to,  among  the  gentlemen  who 
made  the  responses  being  Mr.  Charlton,  of  tho  Chicago  &  Alton  Railroad;  Mr. 
Barnes,  of  tho  Memphis  &  Charleston  Ruilroad ;  Mr.  Cary,  of  the  Lako  Shore 


&  Michigan  Line;  Mr.  Ford,  President  of  tho  Association;  Mr.  Dorwin,  of 
the  Mississippi,  Kansas  &  Texas  Railroad;  Mr.  Davenport,  of  the  St.  Louis  & 
Southeastern  Line  ;  Mr.  A.  B.  Douglas,  and  other  gentlemen. 

Captain  Craig,  the  senior  commander  in  the  company's  service,  and  at  present 
in  command  of  the  "California,"  was  unavoidably  absent  from  the  city,  but  his 
health  was  duly  quaffed  in  goblets  of  the  rosy,  and  his  splendid  ship,  clad  in  her 
gala  rig  of  bunting  from  peak  to  rail,  was  really  the  scene  of  an  enjoyable  enter- 
tainment. This  is  the  "  California's  "  third  voyage  to  this  port,  and  if  the  com- 
pany exert  themselves,  as  they  have  notably  done  in  this  vessel,  to  cater  to  the 
comfort  of  their  patrons,  their  efforts  most  certainly  should,  as  they  undoubtedly 
will,  be  appreciated  to  their  reputation  and  profit. — JS'ew  York  Evening  Tele- 
gram, September  30,  1872. 

Anchor  Line  Steamship  Company. 

The  Transatlantic,  Peninsular  and  Mediterranean  Anchor  Line  Steam- 
Packet  Company  has  recently  added  to  its  excellent  list  of  steamers  the  "Cali- 
fornia," one  of  the  finest  passenger-vessels  now  sailing  from  the  port  of  New 
York.  Siie  is  in  every  respect  a  perfect  "  floating  palace,"  and  is  officered  and 
manned  by  thorough  seamen  and  gentlemen.  The  second  of  the  new  fleet,  the 
"Victoria,"  a  sister  ship  to  the  "California,"  has  just  been  launched,  and  the 
"Bolivia"  and  "Ethiopia,"  of  4,500  tons  each,  are  nearly  completed.  Three 
other  steamers  of  the  same  class  are  on  the  stocks,  making  in  all  seven  first-class 
vessels,  the  value  of  each  being  $500,000,  and  they  are  contraeted  to  be  finished 
within  the  year. 

We  know  of  no  other  line  or  steamship  company  with  a  record  like  this,  nor 
are  we  acquainted  with  gentlemen  having  a  more  thorough  knowledge  of  their 
business  than  the  Messrs.  Henderson  Brothers,  of  No.  7  Bowling  Green,  New 
York  City,  who  are  "at  the  helm"  of  the  famous  "Anchor  Line." — Hudson, 
(AT.  Y.)  Roister,  October  3.  1872. 

Home  again ! 

"  Be  it  ever  so  humble,  there  is  no  place  like  home." 

We  are  asked  every  day,  "  Where  have  you  been,  what  have  you  seen,  and 
what  did  you  do?"  Man  wants  not  only  an  excuse  for  his  conduct  in  this  life, 
but  even  his  folly. 

Well,  we  have  been  swinging  around  the  circle,  seeing  the  sights,  and,  as 
Mark  Twain  says,  "  been  on  a  big  bust."  For  a  six  weeks'  tour  in  Europe,  we 
saw  as  much  as  any  living  man  probably  ever  will  see  until  a  faster  motive  power 
is  invented  than  steam.  On  the  17th  of  July,  we  sighted  the  shores  of  the  Em- 
erald Isle,  sailed  up  the  beautiful  river  Clyde  to  Glasgow,  dropped  a  tear  on  the 
tomb  of  Bobbie  Burns  at  Ayr,  made  the  beautiful  lakes  of  Lomond  and  Loch 
Katrine,  passing  the  Trosachs  to  Stirling,  Edinburgh,  the  river  Tweed,  and  bade 
adieu  to  tho  Highlands  and  lakes  of  Scotland ;  by  York  to  London,  Paris, 
France,  Belgium,  Holland,  up  the  Rhine  from  Cologne  to  Mayence,  Worms, 
Strasbourg,  Switzerland,  and  by  way  of  Tetenoire  and  Simplon  Pass  into  the 
classic  vales  of  Italy.  We  saw  the  Giant's  Causeway,  and  from  Arthur's  Scat 
wo  looked  upon  Edinburgh.  We  have  seen  all  the  big  cities  and  cathedrals  in 
Europe,  visited  the  birthplaces  and  tombs  of  philosophers,  poets,  artists,  and 
scholars.  From  the  dome  of  St.  Paul's  we  saw  London,  and  viewed  the  magnifi- 
cent city  of  Paris  from  the  summit  of  tho  Pantheon.  We  visited  the  battle- 
field of  Waterloo,  and  passed  by  Lodi,  Solferino,  and  Austerlitz.  Saw  the 
sunset  on  the  vine-clad  hills  of  "  Sweet  Bingen  on  the  Rhine,"  and  gazed  in 
astonishment  from  the  heights  of  the  Cathedral  of  Strasbourg,  heard  the  sound 
of  the  soft  guitar  in  the  streets  of  Geneva,  and  saw  the  lake  as  it  gleamed  in  the 
silvery  moonlight.  We  slept  at  the  foot  of  Mont  Blanc,  and  witnessed  the  sun 
rise  over  its  summit  covered  with  snow.  We  travelled  over  the  road  the  great 
Napoleon  marched  into  Italy,  200  miles  across  the  Alps  by  diligences,  and  gazed 
with  rapture  and  wonder  on  the  lakes  of  Italy.  We  sailed  on  Como,  and  slept 
in  the  beautiful  city  of  "  Venice  by  the  sea."  We  walked  over  fifty  miles  in  the 
picture-galleries  of  Europe,  stood  upon  the  tower  of  Galileo  in  Florence,  and 
upon  tho  Capitolinc  Hill  of  Rome. —  Talbotton  Standard,  October  6,  1872. 

Leaving  for  England. 

[from  our  own  correspondent.] 

Mr.  Editor:  It  is  the  lot  of  some  of  us  to  be  forever  wandering  through  this 
"  wide,  wide  world."  Thus  wc  pass  our  brief  tenure  of  life  as  nomads,  without 
fixed  habitation,  movable  as  the  waves  of  the  sea.  It  was  only  two  years  ago 
that  your  correspondent  first  sighted  these  Atlantic  and  Pacific  washed  shores, 
and  now  he  is  about  to  reembark  for  England. 

Yet,  thanks  to  the  many  companies  who  cater  for  the  conveyance  of  tourists 
and  voyagers,  this  life-long  wandering  is  stripped  of  many  of  its  disagreeables 
by  the  thousand  provisions  made  by  them  to  insure  easy  and  expeditious  transit. 
Thus,  if  we  cannot  find  a  home-rest  in  this  restless  world,  the  wear  and  tear  of 
travel  on  the  system  is  lessened  and  almost  obviated  by  the  comforts  afforded  to 
passengers. 

Here  arc  locomotives  flying  all  over  the  country,  snorting  out  steam,  screaming 
to  the  extent  of  the  power  of  their  safety-valves,  flashing  by  the  foot-sore,  leg- 
weary,  plodding  pedestrians;  and  to  these  flying  engines  are  attached  well-con- 
structed coaches  with  easy  seats,  and  Pullman  palace-cars,  in  which  a  man  may 


THE  ANCHOR  LINE  OE  STEAMERS. 


G7 


throw  himself  down  and  give  up  to  Morpheus  with  perfect  abandon,  dozing  and 
sleeping  as  he  can,  and  almost  persuaded  to  think  himself  at  home  in  his  own  re- 
ception-room ;  and  thus  the  traveller's  lot  is  ameliorated  till  he  feels  nearly  as  com- 
fortable as  he  would  if  he  lived  in  that  cottage  in  the  country  where  tho  wood- 
bine twineth,  and  by  the  side  of  which  the  birds  sing  songs  stolen  from  paradise. 

Thus  goes  the  time,  "  merrily,  merrily,"  as  the  ballad  says,  till  we  arc  borne 
beyond  the  cities  of  the  living  to  the  land  of  darkness,  our  long  home,  till  the 
day  dawn  and  the  shadows  flee  away.  The  poet  has  beautifully  written  of  the 
dead : 

•'They  softly  lie  and  sweetly  sleep, 
Low  In  the  ground." 

But  we  all  desire  when  we  move  to  any  distant  place  to  take  the  very  best 
route.  We  seek  for  courteous  attendants  ;  we  want  a  comfortable  berth  ;  we  de- 
sire such  food  as  will  be  healthful  and  good.  Some  time  ago,  when  in  England, 
my  attention  was  called  by  a  brother-friend  to  The  Anchor  Line  as  a  pleasant 
and  favorite  route.  It  stood  A  1.  Its  fleet  had  grown  from  three  steamers  in 
1863  to  over  thirty  in  1870,  and  to-day  they  number  nearly  forty.  I  took  that 
line,  and  the  time  from  shore  to  shore  only  occupied  between  eleven  and  twelve 
days. 

The  agents,  Messrs.  Henderson  Brothers,  are  famous  for  enterprise.  Scotch, 
and  full  of"  go  ahead,"  it  would  be  strange  if  they  did  not  only  compete  with 
other  lines,  but  make  their  steamers  the  "  bonniest"  of  all  on  the  ocean.  Cer- 
tainly their  vessels  are  handsome  as  well  as  strong,  and  are  in  every  way  worthy 
of  patronage,  especially  when  we  learn  from  their  circular  that  theirs  is  "the 
shortest,  cheapest,  and  best  route  to  and  from  Europe  and  America,"  their  figures 
standing  §85  and  $75,  as  against  §75  and  $85  by  other  lines  for  saloon  accommo- 
dation, and  steerage  $28,  as  against  $30  and  $33. 

The  good  ship  "  Anglia"  has  a  berth  in  her  for  your  correspondent,  and  he 
hopes  to  find  on  board,  between  her  oaken  ribs,  such  comfort  as  only  a  first-class 
line  and  com>pany  can  give  ;  and  then  when  he  gets  to  England  he  will  write  an 
account  of  the  passage,  taking  in  the  few  events  which  beguile  the  voyage  and 
fill  t  he  vacuum  in  which  we  are  cut  oft"  from  the  rest  of  tho  world. 

The  New  England  agents  for  this  line  are  Messrs.  C.  L.  Bartlett  &  Co.,  16 
Broad  Street,  Boston,  and  if  any  of  your  respectable  readers  contemplates  a  voyage 
to  England,  I  have  no  doubt  it  would  pay  him  to  make  their  acquaintance,  and 
buy  a  passage  of  them.  Plans  and  every  facility  are  offered  by  them  to  ocean- 
voyagers,  and  tickets  can  be  secured  of  them  as  cheaply  as  at  New  York. 

But  as  "  time  and  tide  wait  for  no  man,"  and  "  the  time  of  my  departure  is  at 
hand,"  I  must  for  the  present  say  to  you  and  your  readers  a  triple  good-by.  I 
am  off  in  TnE  Anchor  Line  for  Glasgow,  and  then  England.— Boston  Pastor  and 
People,  September,  1872. 

Purchase  of  a  Famous  Shipbuilding  Yard  by  the  Anchor  Line  of  Ocean 

Steamships. 

Messrs.  Handyside  &  Henderson,  of  Glasgow,  principal  owners  of  The  Anchor 
Line  of  steamers,  so  well  known  in  the  Atlantic  trade,  have  made  an  important 
addition  to  their  works  in  that  city.  They  have  bought  the  entire  ship-building 
and  engineering  establishments  of  Tod  &  Macgregor,  at  Finnieston  and  at  Par- 
tick.  The  purchasers  will  enter  into  possession  as  soon  as  the  late  owners  can 
vacate  the  premises,  probably  before  January,  1873.  With  the  facilities  thus  ob- 
tained, The  Anchor  Line  can  execute  the  only  portion  of  its  work  which  it  has 
hitherto  been  obliged  to  put  out  to  contract;  namely,  the  building  of  the  hulls 
of  its  vessels.  The  Anchor  Line  may  now  be  regarded  as  complete,  capable  of 
constructing  as  well  as  fitting  out  its  own  vessels.  And  yet  the  owners  may 
still  have  other  purchases  to  make — for  we  believe  they  have  got  along  so  for 
without  either  a  coal-mine  or  iron-mine  of  their  own.  At  the  rate  at  which  they 
are  enlarging  their  fleet,  which  now  consists  of  thirty-six  ocean-steamers,  The 
Anchor  Company  will,  perhaps,  want  mines  of  their  own  to  make  them  contented. 
But  as  it  is,  The  Anchor  Line  now  possesses  the  most  extensive  ship-building 
and  engineering  establishments  on  the  Clyde.  The  Glasgow  house  is  represented 
in  this  country  by  branches  in  New  York  and  Chicago,  under  the  firm  of  Hender- 
son Brothers. — New  York  Commercial  Advertiser,  October  8,  1S72. 

A  Splendid  Ocean-Steamer. 

To  thousands  of  ruralists,  who  have  never  visited  tide-water,  an  ocean- 
steamer  is  an  object  of  great  curiosity  and  interest.  Whoever  goes  first  to  New 
York,  from  the  interior,  finds  no  more  striking  feature  than  the  shipping,  and 
wanders  up  and  down  the  wharves,  fairly  lost  in  wonder  over  their  unending 
forest  of  spars,  and  fascinated  by  the  strange  and  suggestive  sights  presented  on 
deck  and  aloft.  We  have  thought,  therefore,  that  a  correct  and  spirited  ac- 
count of  one  of  the  largest  and  finest  ocean-steamers  afloat  would  delight  many 
readers  of  The  Rural  Home,  and  that  all  would  be  interested  in  a  description 
of  such  surroundings  as  those  enjoy  to-day  who  "  go  down  to  the  sea  in  ships." 

Naval  architecture  lias  progressed  surprisingly  within  a  generation,  and  in  no 
class  of  vessels  have  there  been  more  marked  improvements  than  in  those  em- 
ployed for  passenger-traffic.  A  keen  spirit  of  rivalry  between  various  carrying 
lines  has  resulted  favorably  for  the  public,  and  the  appointments  of  ocean  pas- 
senger-steamers are  now  truly  palatial.  Especially  is  this  the  case  with  those 
recently  constructed,  one  of  which  our  illustration  portrays.  The  "  California" 
is  the  first  completed  of  a  fleet  of  seven  vessels,  now  building  in  Glasgow,  and 


belonging  to  the  celebrated  Anchor  Line.  Sho  has  only  been  plying  a  few 
weeks.  The  "Victoria,"  a  sister  ship  to  the  "California,"  lias  just  been 
launched,  while  the  remaining  five,  the  "Utopia,"  "Ethiopia,"  "Bolivia," 
"  Italia,"  and  "  Castalia"  are  still  on  the  stocks. 

Our  engraving  shows  the  noble  craft  speeding  down  New  York  Bay,  with  a 
stiff  breeze  square  in  her  teeth.  Moored  at  her  wharf,  foot  of  Dey  Street,  sho 
seems  less  a  thing  of  life,  but  even  here  she  commands  the  admiration  of  all. 
Let  us  mount  the  ladder,  at  her  side.  Standing  aft,  the  vessel's  deck,  clear  to 
the  forecastle,  stretches  before  us.  On  either  hand  are  the  boats,  eight  in  num- 
ber, while  above  tower  the  tall  masts,  bark-rigged,  with  standing  rigging  all  of 
wire-rope.  As  we  proceed  forward  we  notice  that  each  hatch  is  provided  with  a 
powerful  steam-hoisting  apparatus,  for  loading  and  discharging  cargo,  five  hoist- 
ing-engines being  on  the  upper  deck. 

First  of  the  interior  arrangements  to  engage  our  attention  is  the  ladies' 
room,  in  one  of  the  deck-houses.  It  is  a  beautiful  little  boudoir,  with  dainty 
upholstering,  richly  ornamented,  and  hung  with  mirrors.  A  little  forward  of  it 
is  the  smoking-room,  luxuriously  fitted  up,  painted  in  a  delicate  tint  of  sea- 
green  relieved  with  gold,  the  cushions  of  maroon-colored  leather,  and  the  carpet 
rich  in  texture  and  pretty  in  design.  Continuing  our  walk  forward  we  pass  the 
great  funnel,  glance  down  through  the  hatch  into  the  engine-room,  and  reach 
what  is  called  the  bridge,  the  captain's  special  post,  whence  his  orders  are  mainly 
issued. 

Stepping  down  one  of  the  ladders,  we  enter  the  cabin  on  the  next  deck  be- 
low. Here  are  long  rows  of  state-rooms,  all  handsomely  and  commodiously 
furnished.  Each  apartment  contains  two  spacious  berths  and  a  wido  settee. 
Walking  aft  along  the  narrow  passage-way,  we  reach  the  pantry,  filled  with  its 
stores  of  elegant  crockery  and  brilliant  silver,  and  communicating  with  all  tho 
state-rooms  by  means  of  electric  bells.  Aft  of  this  is  the  grand  saloon,  a  spa- 
cious and  elegant  apartment  exquisitely  decorated. 

Instead  of  the  low  beams,  ordinarily  seen  in  vessels  of  this  class,  a  large, 
handsome  skylight  is  built  immediately  over  this  room.  This  is  a^erfect  minia- 
ture greenhouse,  as  it  is  entirely  filled  with  exotic  plants  and  flowers  of  every 
description.  The  panelling  is  in  polished  teak,  inlaid  with  rich  and  rare  white 
woods,  adorned  with  choice  carving  and  gold.  The  ceiling  is  painted  in  a' deli- 
cate hue  of  sea-green;  costly  buffits,  marble-topped  and  silver-trimmed,  give 
an  air  of  luxuriousness  seldom  seen  on  shipboard.  The  sofas  are  covered  with 
inaroon-colorod  Bussia  leather,  while  the  frames  are  handsomely  bronzed  and 
silvered.  The  carpet  is  a  rich  green,  with  the  coat-of-arms  of  Great  Britain  in- 
tertwined in  tasty  wreaths. 

The  main  dome  of  the  saloon  is  entirely  novel  in  design,  and  is  beautifully 
colored  and  tinted,  and  the  tic-beams  are  boxed  and  filled  with  choice  exotic 
plants,  giving  to  it  the  appearance  of  an  Oriental  court.  A  fine  piano  and  well- 
filled  library  add  to  the  attractions  of  this  charming  place,  which  is  well  lighted 
and  exceedingly  well  ventilated.  Heavy  mirrors  on  all  sides  reflect  and  re- 
reflect  the  beauties  and  adornments  of  this  palace  of  saloons.  There  are  eight 
large  tables  in  the  saloon,  which,  when  not  filled  with  the  150  passengers,  are  so 
closed  as  to  give  plenty  of  room.  The  table-service  is  chaste  and  massive,  and 
even  in  the  ordinary  table-ware  the  owners  have  shown  excellent  taste.  Elec- 
tric bell-knobs  jut  out  at  every  convenient  place,  and  will  be  appreciated  by 
both  passengers  and  servants. 

Again,  proceeding  aft,  we  pass  another  line  of  state-rooms,  and  finally  reach 
the  card-room,  situated  immediately  in  the  stern  of  the  vessel.  This  is  as  far 
aft  as  we  can  get,  so  we  once  more  turn  our  steps  forward,  this  time  on  the  op- 
posite side  of  the  vessel.  First  comes  a  neatly-fitted  lavatory,  then  another 
ladies'  boudoir,  as  finely  fitted  up  as  the  one  on  deck,  probably  being  designed 
for  use  when  the  other  one,  by  re? son  of  bad  weather,  should  be  untenantable. 
It  is  a  perfect  gem  of  a  place,  decorated  in  sea-green  tints,  dotted  and  striped 
with  gold,  with  delicate  little  birds  in  the  centre  of  each  broad  panel.  A  rich 
buffet  and  mirror,  and  silvered  trimming  on  all  hands,  make  this  a  charming  re- 
treat for  the  gentler  sex. 

Then  we  pass  more  state-rooms,  then  through  the  saloon  again,  and  finally 
stop  at  the  engine-room.  Here  we  enter  and  look  down  at  the  vast  cylinders 
and  wilderness  of  machinery  at  our  feet.  There  are  six  boilers  and  eighteen 
furnaces,  consuming  about  45  tons  of  coal  per  day,  causing  the  vessel  to  steam  at 
the  rate  of  14  knots  per  hour. 

As  remaining  over  the  hot  fire-room  is  not  exactly  according  to  our  taste,  wo 
pursue  our  march  forward.  As  we  pass  on  we  are  shown  the  galley,  in  which 
wo  find  every  convenience  for  cooking.  We  enter  the  "intermediate"  cabin, 
this  being  the  grade  in  price  next  between  the  steerage  and  the  first  cabin.  Hero 
the  state-rooms  are  very  neatly  and  commodiously  arranged ;  the  passengers 
have  a  separate  saloon  and  table  to  themselves  ;  every  thing  being  arranged  with 
a  view  to  obtaining  the  greatest  amount  of  comfort. 

Following  our  conductor  down  an  open  hatch,  we  find  ourselves  in  the  steer- 
age, a  large,  well-lighted,  and  thoroughly-ventilated  apartment.  We  say  thor- 
oughly ventilated,  because  the  ventilation  is  nearly  perfect,  as  a  perforated  pipe 
passing  through  the  apartment  communicates  with  a  steam-fan,  keeps  up  a  con- 
stant stream  of  fresh  air,  and  at  the  same  time  removes  all  foul  and  noxious 
gases.  The  berths  are  ample  and  excellently  arranged,  and,  indeed,  the  wholo 
fitting  of  this  part  of  the  ship  is  the  best  of  its  kind. 

The  "  California"  is  constructed  to  accommodate  150  cabin  and  900  steerage 


THE  ANCHOR  LINE  OF  STEAMERS. 


passengers,  and  is  commanded  by  Captain  James  Craig,  late  of  the  "  Anglia," 
the  coinmodoro  of  The  Ancuoe  Line  fleet,  of  which  at  present  the  new  ship 
is  decidedly  the  finest. 

TnE  Anchor  Line  was  established  in  183G.  Steamers  then  sailed  to  Quebec 
and  the  Mediterranean.  Occasionally  during  the  winter,  a  steamer  came  to  New 
York.  In  1S03,  a  regular  line,  composed  of  three  steamers,  was  established  to 
New  York.  That  line  has  grown  to  thirty-six  in  number,  and  is  in  high  favor 
with  ocean-travellers.  The  steamers  are  from  1,500  to  4,500  tons  burden,  carry 
from  50  to  170  cabin  and  500  to  900  steerage  passengers,  and  sail  from  New  York 
and  Glasgow  twice  a  week,  namely,  every  Wednesday  and  Saturday.  The  cabin 
state-rooms  are  all  on  the  main  upper  deck,  and  steerage-passengers  arc  berthed  on 
one  between-deck  only.  Each  vessel  carries  an  experienced  surgeon,  and  a 
number  of  stewards  and  stewardesses.  The  table  is  excellent,  and  the  cookery 
irreproachable.  In  fact,  the  line  is  equipped  and  conducted  by  an  enterprising 
company,  anxious  to  please  their  passengers  and  convey  them  to  their  destina- 
tion with  every  cars  and  comfort.— Rochester  {N.  Y.)  American  Rural  Home,  Oc- 
tober 12, 1872. 

The  Trip  to  Europe  made  easy— The  Anchor  Line. 

The  flow  of  American  travel  to  Europe  is  producing  its  natural  result  of  cheap- 
ening the  expense.  A  plan  of  a  six  weeks'  trip  is  advertised  for  £250,  currency. 
The  Ancuok  Line  of  steamships  will  take  first-class  passengers  from  New  York 
to  Glasgow  and  back  again,  with  leave  to  stop  at  Londonderry,  Ireland,  for  £120, 
currency.  At  Londonderry  the  traveller  can  go  by  rail  to  Portrush,  the  nearest 
town  to  the  Giant's  Causeway ;  thence  back  and  over  to  Glasgow ;  thence  to 
Edinburgh  by  Loch  Katrine  and  the  Trosachs  ;  thence  to  the  places  of  interest 
in  and  around  Edinburgh;  thence  to  Glasgow,  and  home  again.  By  this  plan, 
lie  spends  twenty-two  days  on  the  sea,  three  days  in  Irelaud,  and  seventeen  days 
in  Scotland,  or  six  weeks  in  all.  The  time  on  land  is  estimated  at  the  rate  of  six 
dollars  a  day. 

This  is  on^of  many  possible  plans,  and  we  publish  it  to  show  our  readers  who 
live  far  from  the  seaboard  how  possible  the  trip  to  Europe  is.  At  the  present 
rate  of  progress,  every  year  will  develop  fresh  facilities,  until  travel  abroad  be- 
comes just  as  manageable  as  travel  at  home. 

Travel  is  an  education,  and  the  only  education  possible  for  very  busy  men. 
There  is  no  better  evidence  of  the  prosperity  of  our  people  than  their  ability  to 
go  all  over  the  world.  The  more  wo  see  of  the  world  abroad,  the  richer  in  cul- 
ture will  our  life  bo  at  home.  Extensive  travel  to  Europe  will  have  a  wholesome 
effect,  too,  upon  American  landlords,  and  will  so  make  life  in  hot  weather  more 
tolerable  for  us  to  stay  at  home.  Mine  host  in  America  finds  a  formidable  rival 
in  mine  host  in  Europe.  Let  them  both  compete  for  the  custom,  and  between 
the  two  we  shall  get  better  usage. 

The  Ancuoe  Line,  to  which  we  have  referred,  is  one  of  the  best  and  most  de- 
sirable of  the  many  lines  on  the  ocean-ferry  between  the  United  States  and  Europe. 
Below  we  give  an  account  of  one  of  its  vessels  lately  launched.  There  are  several 
others  in  process  of  construction,  of  equal  or  greater  size,  strength,  and  complete- 
ness in  their  appointments,  now  nearly  ready  to  take  their  place  in  this  deserv- 
edly popular  line. 

The  "  California"  is  one  of  the  handsomest  and  finest  vessels  on  the  Atlantic 
Ocean.  Every  thing  about  her  indicates  the  best  material,  the  most  skilful  work- 
manship, and  capable  management.  The  cabins  arc  of  the  most  elegant  and  com- 
fortable kind,  yet  there  is  no  unnecessary  show  about  them,  and  no  folly  whatever, 
and  the  whole  furnishing  of  the  vessel  indicates  an  attention  to  detail  which  is  sel- 
dom found  in  sea-going  steamers.  "We  never  in  any  vessel  saw  such  admirable 
arrangements  for  the  comfort  and  health  of  steerage-passengers.  Not  only  are  the 
arrangements  for  sleeping  and  cooking  of  the  most  approved  kind,  but  the  venti- 
lation of  the  ship  is  provided  for  by  an  ingenious  device.  This  is  among  the  best 
of  the  new  ideas  introduced  into  this  vessel.  It  consists  of  a  small  engine  con- 
necting w  ith  a  centrifugal  pump  placed  in  the  starboard  wing,  which  is  a  power- 
ful spare  bilge-pump,  and  also  acts  as  a  ventilating-fan,  driving  a  strong,  fresh 
current  of  air  through  all  the  passenger-spaces  as  well  as  the  cargo-holds,  thereby 
adding  to  the  comfort  and  sanitary  condition  of  all  on  board.  After  examining 
the  vessel  throughout,  and  observing  the  scientific  appliances  in  all  its  depart- 
ments, under  the  guidance  of  Mr.  Francis  MaeDonald,  the  courteous  and  ener- 
getic manager  of  the  line,  we  are  net  surprised  at  the  extraordinary  growth  of  the 
popularity  of  The  Anchor  Line  within  the  last  few  years.  The  officers  arc 
trained  and  experienced  men,  who  are  at  the  same  time  affable  gentlemen. 

Our  esteemed  friend,  Henry  McGrath,  Esq.,  1019  Walnut  street,  Philadelphia, 
is  the  agent  for  this  deservedly  popular  line  of  steamers. — Philadelphia  Catholic 
Standard,  October  12,  1872. 

The  Steamer  "Olympia." 

The  vessel  selected  for  description,  as  the  fourth  in  our  series  of  the  model 
ships  of  the  magnificent  fleets  that  daily  leave  and  arrive  in  New  York  is  The 
Anohois  Line  steamship  "  Olympia."  Of  her  graceful  form  and  fine  building  the 
following  description  will  give  an  excellent  idea,  and  she  will  be  seen  to  be  in 
every  way  the  equal  of  the  celebrated  vessels  which  have  been  before  referred  to 
in  our  columns : 

The  "  Olympia"  is  an  iron  vessel,  built  with  four  water-tight  compartments, 


so  that  she  is  comparatively  safe  from  the  dangers  of  collision  or  grounding. 
She  was  built  by  Messrs.  Charles  Council  &  Co.,  at  Whiteinch,  Glasgow,  Scot- 
land, and  launched  in  the  beginning  of  the  present  year,  so  that  she  is  still  a  new 
ship.  Her  tonnage  is  2,050. G4,  length  307  feet,  breadth  34  feet  C  inches,  and 
depth  cf  hold  29  feet.  She  is  bark-rigged,  and  fitted  with  patent  rolling  top- 
sails. The  engines  are  compound  vertical  direct-acting,  built  by  the  Finnics- 
ton  Steam-engine  Company  of  Glasgow. 

Farthest  aft  on  the  upper  deck  is  the  wheel-house,  the  rear  part  of  which,  im- 
mediately over  the  rudder,  is  neatly  fitted  up  as  a  coscy  smoking-room.  Comfort- 
able lounges  are  fastened  to  the  partitions,  and  large  windows  give  abundance 
of  light,  and,  at  the  same  time,  an  excellent  view  over  the  stern  of  the  ship.  In 
fact,  the  apartment  contains  every  convenience  that  the  most  fastidious  lover  of 
the  weed  could  desire.  The  steering-apparatus  is  of  the  newest,  most  approved, 
and  perfect  description.  It  consists  of  two  powerful  wheels  situated  in  the  wheel- 
house,  which  are  geared  by  suitable  appliances  to  the  rudder-head.  In  case  these 
should  become  disabled,  preventer-wheels  are  placed  on  the  bridge,  which  can 
be  instantly  connected  with  the  rudder,  and  put  in  operation. 

On  either  side  of  the  deck  arc  the  boats,  hanging  from  the  davits.  The  boats 
are  all  built  after  the  best  models,  and  are  calculated  to  live  even  in  the  roughest 
seas.  They  number  seven  in  all,  and  are  of  an  aggregate  capacity  sufficient  to 
carry  every  passenger  in  the  vessel,  an  important  point,  and  one  often  neglected 
by  corporations  owning  both  ocean  and  coasting  steamers. 

Amidships  on  the  upper  deck  are  the  saloon,  skylights,  officers'  rooms,  and 
entrances  to  the  lower  deck,  and  also  an  elaborate  ladies'  boudoir  elegantly  dee- 
orated  in  crimson  velvet  and  colored  woods.  A  handsome  carpet  covers  the 
deck,  and  luxurious  sofas  line  the  sides.  The  dark  tints  of  the  upholstery  and 
panelling  are  relieved  by  delicate  gilding;  indeed,  the  room  appears  more  like  an 
apartment  in  an  elegant  mansion  of  Fifth  Avenue,  than  a  saloon  of  a  sea-going 
steamer. 

On  this  deck  there  are  four  powerful  steam-winches,  which  are  used  for 
hoisting  and  lowering  the  cargo,  and  also  permanently  attached  to  the  forecastle 
is  a  large  steam-crane  for  heavy  work.  In  the  bows  are  windlasses  and  other 
gear  for  hoisting  the  anchors. 

We  now  descend  a  handsome  staircase,  the  walls  of  which  are  finely  deco- 
rated, while  it  is  lit  by  stained-glass  windows  in  the  skylight,  and  enter  the  main 
saloon.  This  apartment  is  situated  amidships,  and  extends  the  whole  width  of 
the  ship.  To  say  that  it  is  sumptuously  furnished,  would  be  hardly  an  adequate 
expression.  On  the  deck  is  a  rich  carpet,  made  in  special  designs,  among  which 
are  the  familiar  anchors,  the  emblems  of  the  line.  The  w-alls  are  finished  in 
black  walnut  and  maple,  inlaid  and  elaborately  ornamented.  The  beams  over- 
head are  tinted  and  enriched  with  gilding.  At  the  forward  end  is  the  steward's 
room,  filled  with  elegant  crockery  and  silver- ware,  from  which,  through  open- 
ings in  the  partitions,  the  dishes  are  served  to  the  tables.  The  latter,  three  in 
number,  extend  the  length  of  the  saloon,  and  afford  accommodations  for  120 
passengers.  Well-filled  book-cases,  ornamental  lamps,  and  a  beautiful  cabinet- 
piano,  give  the  room  a  home-like  and  cheerful  appearance,  while  the  irreproach- 
able cuisine  insures  the  voyager  the  comforts  of  a  table  that  is  not  excelled  even 
by  the  finest  hotels.  Just  outside  of  this  saloon  are  rows  of  neatly-fitted-up 
state-rooms,  on  either  side  of  the  vessel.  These  really  belong  to  the  second 
cabin,  but  their  accommodations  are  equally  as  good  as  those  in  the  after-part  of 
the  vessel.  Forward  of  these  again  are  the  officers'  apartments,  and  the  various 
shops,  bakers,  butchers,  etc.,  besides  a  largo  and  well-appointed  kitchen.  In 
rear  of  the  main  saloon  arc  more  state-rooms,  each  one  containing  two  berths, 
neatly  upholstered,  besides  every  comfort  and  toilet  convenience.  A  large  dead- 
light in  each  room,  placed  sufficiently  high  out  of  the  water  to  admit  of  its  being 
open  in  almost  any  weather,  furnishes  ample  light  and  ventilation.  Each  state- 
room is  provided  with  an  electric  communication  to  the  steward's  room,  so  that 
the  mere  pressure  of  a  knob  summons  that  functionary  whenever  he  may  be  re- 
quired. In  the  stern  of  the  vessel  is  a  small  apartment,  containing  large  lounges, 
which  seem  to  be  intended  as  retreats  for  such  unfortunates  as  may  succumb  to 
the  motion  of  the  vessel.  A  little  forward  of  this  room  is  another  ladies'  bou- 
doir, for  use  in  wet  and  stormy  weather.  In  this  room  the  decoration  is  some- 
what different  from  other  parts  of  the  ship.  The  walls  are  tinted  in  delicata 
shades,  and  the  colors  of  the  upholstery  and  decorations  are  varied.  Light  is 
supplied  from  a  handsome  sky-light,  containing  both  stained  and  clear  glass. 

The  steerages  are  remarkably  commodious  and  spacious.  As  on  all  vessels 
of  this  line,  steerage-passengers  arc  carried  on  but  one  'tween  deck.  By  a  new 
patent  apparatus  fresh  air  is  pumped  into  the  steerages,  while  at  the  same  time 
all  deleterious  gases  are  removed. 

As  a  sea-boat  we  are  informed  that  the  "  Olympia"  is  swift  and  steady,  and 
favorably  compares  with  other  vessels  on  the  line. —  The  Manufacturer  <£•  BuiUUr, 
October,  1872. 

A  Good  Showing. 

Messrs.  Handyside  &  Henderson,  of  Glasgow,  proprietors  of  The  Anchoh 
Line,  whoso  branch  offices  in  this  city  are  at  324  Wabash  Avenue,  have  bought 
out  Todd  &  McGregor,  the  great  iron  ship-builders,  at  Partick  and  Finnieston, 
on  the  Clyde.  Tho  demand  for  more  steamers  in  their  Atlantic  and  other  trades 
rendered  the  step  necessary.  The  price  paid  is  about  a  million  and  a  half  dollars. 
—  Chicago  Neivs,  October  17,  1872. 


THE  ANCHOR  LINE  OF  STEAMERS. 


GO 


iEsculapius  on  the  Anchor  Line. 

We  arc  in  receipt  of  a  lengthy  and  interesting  letter  from  our  correspondent 
in  Ireland,  and  regret  exceedingly  that  the  press  of  local  matters  precludes  the 
possibility  of  our  inserting  it  in  our  present  issue.  In  justice,  however,  to  the 
gentlemanly  and  courteous  officers  of  the  steamship  "  Columbia,"  of  The  Ah- 
cnoR  Line,  we  append  to-day  an  extract  from  the  correspondence.  It  is  as  fol- 
lows : 

Of  the  many  lines  of  steamships  plying  between  the  New  and  the  Old  World, 
for  the  accommodation  of  passengers,  I  know  of  none  more  deserving  of  patron- 
age than  The  Anchor  Line.  I  say  this  advisedly,  inasmuch  as  my  own  expe- 
rience warrants  it,  having  lately  come  over  in  one  of  its  ships,  viz  ,  the  "  Co- 
lumbia." Taking  this  as  a  criterion,  though  neither  the  best  nor  fastest  vessel 
of  the  line,  there  are  several  things  to  be  noticed,  an  acquaintance  with  which 
may  prove  interesting  to  your  readers,  particularly  that  portion  of  them  who 
iutend  visiting  the  "  Old  Land." 

The  first  thing  which  attracted  my  attention  on  boarding  the  ship,  was  the 
regularity  and  promptness  with  which  every  thing  is  managed  ;  no  less  than  the 
total  absence  of  roughness  on  the  part  of  the^fficers,  under  whose  supervision 
the  orders  and  rules  of  the  ship  were  carried  out. 

Having  been  allowed  free  access  to  every  part  of  the  vessel,  through  the  kind- 
ness of  our  gentlemanly  captain,  J.  E.  McKay,  I  had  ample  opportunity  of  sat- 
isfying myself  as  to  the  fitness  of  the  line  for  the  comfort  and  safe  transport  of 
steerage  and  intermediate,  as  well  as  cabin  passengers.  And  here  let  me  men- 
tion one  feature  predominant  on  this  line,  and  all  the  more  appreciable  because 
of  its  comparative  rarity  elsewhere  :  I  refer  to  the  uniform  courtesy  and  gentle- 
manly deportment  which  pervades  every  one  of  the  ship's  officers,  from  the 
master  to  his  cabin-boy — a  courtesy  and  politeness,  however,  not  of  that  stamp 
which  flourishes  only  in  the  saloon  and  is  forgotten  on  deck,  or  among  the  steer- 
age-passengers— a  kind,  I  am  sorry  to  find,  only  too  common  on  some  of  our 
Transatlantic  steamers. 

Before  closing  these  observations,  which  in  my  capacity,  as  your  foreign  cor- 
respondent, I  consider  due  to  your  readers,  no  less  than  the  interests  of  this 
company,  I  would  say  that  I  am  but  the  exponent  of  views  which  would  be  more 
than  willingly  indorsed  by  every  passenger  aboard. — The  Irish  People,  October 
26,  1872. 

Sir  Walter  Scott's  Monument. 

Excerpt  from  Bicliard  Irvin,  Esq.'s,  speech  on  the  unveiling  in  Central  Park: 
"To  Messrs.  Henderson  Brothers,  the  esteemed  owners  of  The  Anchor  Line 
of  steamers,  we  are  deeply  indebted.  They  conveyed  the  whole  of  our  ponder- 
ous shipment  across  the  Atlantic  without  any  expense  to  us,  thus  demonstrating 
that  enlightened  generosity  and  interest  in  the  elegance  and  adornments  of  life 
are  quite  in  harmony  with  the  highest  degree  of  commorcial  sagacity  and  enter- 
prise."— N.  Y.  Times,  November  3,  1S72. 

The  New  Steamship  "  Victoria"— The  Litest  Addition  to  the  Anchor  Line— 
Her  Dimensions,  Appointments,  and  Officers. 

During  the  sixteen  years  that  The  Anchor  Line  has  been  in  existence,  the 
owners  have  built  between  forty  and  fifty  vessels  of  the  highest  class,  and  at 
the  present  time  they  possess  a  fleet  of  steamers  and  embrace  a  trade  that 
should  justly  entitle  them  to  a  very  exalted  position  in  the  commercial  and  ship- 
ping world.  Like  many  other  gigantic  concerns,  it  had  a  very  humble  begin- 
ning, but  the  enterprise  of  its  agents  in  New  York  caused  its  prosperity  to  ripen, 
until  to-day  the  line  is  among  the  first  that  send  steam  clippers  across  the  At- 
lantic. 

The  "Victoria,"  the  newest  of  TnE  Anchor  Line  steamers,  which  arrived 
at  this  port  last  night,  is  about  3,600  tons.  She  was  built- on  the  Clyde  by 
Messrs.  Robert  Duncan  &  Co.,  her  length  being  3S0  feet,  breadth  of  beam  42 
feet,  depth  of  hold  30  feet,  and  having  engines  two  in  number,  of  the  compound 
vertical  direct-acting  principle.  The  cylinders  of  these  are  103  inches  low  press- 
ure, and  60  inches  high  pressure,  with  a  stroke  of  four  feet.  Steam  is  sap- 
plied  from  six  tubular  boilers,  with  super-heaters  for  each.  Then  there  are 
smaller  engines  for  pumping  and  deck  purposes,  weighing  anchors,  loading  and 
unloading  cargoes.  Fire-engines  are  all  over  the  ship,  and  the  forward  part  of 
the  deck  is  so  constructed  that  the  seamen  in  the  worst  of  weather  may  not  suffer 
in  their  duty  from  exposure. 

The  passenger  accommodation  of  this  vessel  is  first  class.  The  smokinir- 
saloon  is  one  of  the  coseyest  and  most  attractive  that  can  be  seen  on  an  ocean- 
going steamer.  Ladies,  of  course,  are  deprived  of  the  enjoyment  of  this  apart- 
ment, but  the  deprivation  is  amply  compensated  for  by  the  tempting  retreat 
which  is  called  the  "  ladies'  boudoir,"  and  is  devoted  to  their  special  use.  The 
saloon,  49  feet  long,  extends  across  the  vessel  from  side  to  side.  The  fittimrs, 
the  furniture,  the  upholstery,  and  the  general  decorations  of  this  magnificent 
apartment,  are  of  a  most  luxurious  character,  and  instinctively  betray  one  into  a 
contrast  of  the  "  Victoria"  with  those  earliest  examples  of  steam-vessels,  which 
formed  the  nucleus  of  our  present  Transatlantic  service.  The  system  of  having 
the  saloon  across  the  whole  width  of  the  vessel  is  one  which  appears  to  be  much 
approved  of  by  passengers,  because  while  it  gives  increased  space  to  the  saloon 
itself,  the  sleeping-berths  are  by  this  arrangement  removed,  and  the  distressing 


sights  and  sounds  sometimes  created  by  persons  suffering  from  sickness  arc 
thereby  obviated. 

In  the  portions  of  the  "  Victoria"  set  apart  for  the  steerage-passengers,  there 
are  accommodations  of  a  superior  nature  for  about  seven  hundred  passengers. 
The  ventilation  everywhere  is  perfect  as  can  be  obtained.  The  steamers  belong- 
ing to  TnE  Anchor  Line  number  33,  but  the  "Victoria"  has  the  first  of  com- 
pany's officers,  from  the  commander  to  the  steward,  on  board. — S.  Y.  Hi  raid, 
November  16, 1872. 

Another  New  Steamer. 

No  better  evidence  of  maritime  prosperity  is  afforded  than  the  steady  addition 
of  new  ocean-steamships  plying  between  this  port  and  Europe.  As  the  old-time 
sailing-vessels  are  deprived  of  their  passenger-trade,  the  immense  number  of  im- 
migrants who  come  over,  and  the  increasing  number  of  travellers  who  go  abroad, 
either  for  business  or  pleasure,  give  every  encouragement  to  the  owners  of  the 
European  lines  of  steamers  who  add  to  their  fleet  of  vessels.  When  we  shall 
have  an  American  line  is  a  question  which  admits  of  no  possibility  of  solution — 
the  rapid  increase  of  vessels  built  abroad,  and  owned  mostly  by  foreign  capital- 
ists, fills  up  the  void  which  the  absence  of  American  steamers  leaves  to  be  filled  by 
others.  Latest  among  the  additions  to  the  fleet  of  steamers  is  the  new  vessel, 
the  "  Victoria,"  which  Messrs.  Henderson  Brothers  have  added  to  The  Anciioe 
Line.  The  vessel  is  now  in  port,  and  will  be  open  to  the  inspection  of  the  public 
on  Thursday,  and  there  are  novelties  of  construction  which  are  worthy  of  atten- 
tion from  all  those  interested  in  the  improvements  in  ocean-steamships,  and  in 
the  trade  between  New  York  and  the  British  ports. — New  York  Comnurcial  Ad- 
vertiser, November  19,  1872. 

The  New  Anchor  Line  Steamship  "  Vistoria." 

In  the  "  Victoria"  The  Anchor  Line  has  secured  a  very  notable  addition  to 
the  large  fleet  of  steamships  which  sail  under  its  flag.  This  fine  vessel  arrived  in 
this  port  last  week,  after  a  voyage  which  severely  tested  her  capabilities  for  en- 
countering heavy  weather.  She  fully  sustains  the  opinion  formed  from  her  ap- 
pearance as  she  came  up  the  bay  to  her  berth,  and  which  was  singularly  fine. 
The  "  Victoria"  is  3,600  tons  burden,  and  her  dimensions  are  as  follows :  Length 
3S0  feet,  breadth  of  beam  42  feet,  depth  of  hold  30  feet.  She  has  ample  accom- 
modation for  180  first  class  and  800  steerage  passengers.  After  being  introduced 
into  the  smoking-room,  a  neat  and  commodious  apartment,  we  inspected  the 
patent  steam-steering  apparatus  in  the  wheel-house,  in  the  after  part  of  the  vessel, 
and  which  is  the  same  in  principle  as  that  in  the  "  California,"  of  the  same  line. 
Passing  downward  to  the  saloon  the  attention  is  arrested  by  the  elegance  of  what 
may  be  called  the  entrance-hall  at  the  top  of  the  stairs.  Room  has  here  been 
made  for  a  kind  of  rendezvous  which  is  handsomely  furnished.  The  whole  is 
lighted  at  night  by  means  of  two  lamps,  supported  by  massive  anel  costly  bronze 
figures,  which  stand  on  either  side,  overlooking  the  staircase.  Descending  to 
the  main  saloon  we  enter  a  large  apartment  of  about  50  by  40  feet,  handsomely 
furnished,  and  possessing  every  appliance  for  the  enjoyment  of  the  most  luxuri- 
ous ease.  The  saloon  is  beautifully  finished,  and  as  a  whole,  from  the  blending 
of  the  different  kinds  of  wood  in  which  the  ornamental  work  is  executed,  has 
both  a  rich  and  pleasing  effect.  It  is  furnished  with  a  carefully-selected  library, 
and  a  beautiful  Collard  piano.  Immediately  adjoining  it  is  the  pantry,  from 
which,  by  means  of  a  sliding  panel,  dishes  can  be  passed  to  the  saloon- table. 
The  lighting  is  a  great  feature,  and  the  same  good  taste  which  is  elsewhere  dis- 
played is  to  be  met  with  in  the  ornamentation  of  the  sky-light.  The  state-rooms 
are  neat  and  comfortable.  The  ladies'  cabin  is  a  perfect  specimen  of  the  boudoir, 
and  is  of  course  sacred  to  the  sex.  It  is  lighted  by  means  of  a  bell-shaped  sky- 
light, and  in  immediate  and  most  convenient  proximity  is  the  ladies'  bath-room. 
In  other  respects  the  "Victoria  "  is  very  like  the  "  California,"  although  in  some 
things  more  richness  is  displayed  than  in  the  latter  vessel.  Of  some  improve- 
ments that  are  to  be  made,  the  chief  is  the  introduction  of  gas,  which  is  to  be  ef- 
fected on  her  return  to  Glasgow.  It  is  hardly  necessary  to  give  all  the  eletails 
regarding  the  engines  which  the  chief-engineer  complaisantly  imparted ;  or  probe 
the  mysteries  of  the  compound  vertical.  New  and  special  features  are  the  steam- 
wrought  ventilating  fan  and  pump,  the  latter  of  which  is  to  be  used  in  case  of 
leakage.  From  the  list  of  officers  given  below,  it  will  be  seen  that  several  trans- 
ferences have  been  effected  to  contribute  to  the  efficiency  of  her  staff.  Among 
these  may  be  mentioned,  Captain  Munro,  her  commander,  formerly  of  the  "  In- 
dia," and  one  of  the  oldest  and  best  captains  in  the  service. — Seottislt-American 
Journal,  November  21,  1872.  - 

The  "Victoria"  is  the  name  of  another  splendid  steamship  of  The  Anchor 
Line,  which  has  been  visited  at  Pier  20  North  Eiver,  to-elay,  by  many  hundreds 
of  people,  including  ladies.  She  is  a  consort  of  the  beautiful  ship  "  California," 
only  if  possible  more  perfect  in  equipment.  The  woods  which  decorate  the 
"Victoria"  are  sandal,  teak,  rosewood,  and  the  polished  Georgia  pine,  which  is 
the  most  beautiful  of  all  the  woods.  The  grand  stairway,  also,  is  an  American 
idea,  and  so  a  countryman  can  travel  on  a  foreign  ship  with  some  associations 
with  his  native  land.  The  name  of  the  ship  is  a  good  one,  as  it  reminds  one  of 
the  noble  wife,  the  good  mother,  and  the  true  woman,  for  the  Queen  of  England 
is  all  of  these. — N.  Y.  Evening  Express,  November  21,  1S72. 


70 


THE  ANCHOR  LINE  OF  STEAMERS. 


The  Anchor  Line—"  Victoria,"  the  Queen  of  the  Ocean— A  New  and  Hand- 
some Steamer— The  Finest  Saloon  afloat. 

The  "Victoria,"  tho  new  steamship  of  The  Anchor  Line,  arrived  at  her 
clock  at  the  foot  of  Dey  Street,  New  York,  on  Saturday  night,  and  during  the 
week  hundreds  of  persons  have  visited  her.  The  vessel  is  one  of  the  finest  that 
ever  crossed  tho  ocean,  and  will,  with  others  now  on  the  stocks,  give  to  The 
Anchor  Line  steamers  a  reputation  ns  passenger-vessels  equal  to  that  of  any 
other  line  leaving  the  city.  She  is  an  A  1  vessel,  first  class,  and  in  every  respect 
equal  to  any  vessel  entering  the  New  York  harbor.  She  was  built  at  Glasgow, 
by  Robert  Duncan  &  Co.  She  has  accommodations  for  180  saloon  and  1,000 
steerage  passengers.  Her  saloon  and  state-rooms  are  in  many  respects  the 
finest  we  have  ever  seen.  The  saloon  covers  the  entire  width  of  tho  vessel 
amidships,  and  is  fifty  feet  in  length,  brilliantly  lighted  by  a  side  and  top  sky- 
light running  almost  its  entire  length,  and  raised  four  feet  above  the  deck.  It  is 
magnificently  fitted  up,  the  walls  pauelled  with  polished  rosewood  and  bird's-eye 
maple,  the  upholstery  being  of  maroon-colored  morocco.  The  tables  are  wide, 
and  made  so  that  they  can  be  folded  into  a  small  space,  with  the  scats  made  on 
slides,  so  that  they  can  be  run  back  against  the  tables,  thus  affording  a  fine 
dancing-floor,  something  we  have  never  before  seen  on  an  ocean-steamer.  Music 
is  furnished  by  a  fine-toned  piano.  The  saloon  has  been  fitted  up  with  great 
taste ;  natural  fruits  and  flowers  cover  tho  tables,  and  a  very  garden  of  flow- 
ers and  flowering  plants  fills  the  space  overhead  and  below  the  skylight,  making 
the  saloon  the  pleasantest  of  parlors.  The  state-rooms  are  the  finest  we  have 
ever  seen.  They  run,  by  two  wide  passages,  handsomely  carpeted,  to  the  stern, 
where  there  is  a  fine  semicircular  smoking-room  connecting  with  the  gentle- 
men's baths.  Ordinarily  the  state-rooms  are  only  of  pine,  and  so  arranged  that 
they  can  be  removed  for  storage  of  cargo.  On  the  "  Victoria  "  they  are  of  pol- 
ished rosewood,  walnut,  mahogany,  and  maple,  with  silk  curtains,  and  uphol- 
stered with  velvet.  They  are  each  lighted  by  eyes  from  the  deck  and  sides,  and 
the  berths  in  every  case  are  so  made  that  tfhey  can  each  be  doubled  in  width  in 
ease  of  families  travelling  together.  The  steering-apparatus  is  worked  by  steam, 
and  there  is  a  wheel-house  on  the  bridge,  where  the  officer  of  the  watch  can  steer 
the  vessel  himself,  if  desirable.  There  is  a  second  smoking-room  and  outlook 
for  the  gentlemen  on  deck,  and  at  the  head  of  the  saloon  stairs  is  a  ladies'  sitting- 
room  and  outlook.  The  ladies  also  have  a  private  saloon  in  the  rear  of  the  main 
saloon.  Other  and  even  finer  vessels  are  now  building  at  Glasgow,  and  The  An- 
chor Line  will  next  season  offer  the  finest  possible  accommodations  for  passen- 
gers. The  company  have  also  purchased  the  McGregor  ship-yards,  and  will 
hereafter  be  able  to  build  their  own  vessels. — Jersey  City  American  Standard, 
November  22,  1872. 

Monarchs  of  the  Oaean— The  Anchor  Line'3  N3W  Steamship  "Victoria"— 
Reception  on  hoard.  , 

Yesterday  marked  an  occasion  of  much  festivity  at  pier  20  North  River.  It 
was  the  reception  of  the  officers  connected  with  The  Anchor  Line  of  Trans- 
atlantic clippers,  plying  between  New  York  and  Glasgow  via  Londonderry, 
given  to  their  numerous  friends  on  board  the  magnificent  ocean-stearnship 
"  Victoria,"  the  latest  and  finest  addition  to  the  extensive  fleet  belonging  to 
this  company.  At  noon  the  invited  ladies  and  gentlemen  began  to  arrive,  and 
they  found  their  welcome  of  the  most  cordial  nature.  The  vessel  was  iu  holiday 
attire,  and  the  officers  in  full  dress.  From  stem  to  stern,  and  peck  to  rail,  the 
Hags  of  all  nations  floated  in  the  bracing  atmosphere,  rendering  her  appearance 
externally  almost  as  attractive  as  that  found  internally.  The  Stars  and  Stripes 
and  the  Union-Jack  were  gracefully  entwined  at  the  gangway,  under  which  all 
the  visitors  passed  as  they  went  on  board. 

Before  assembling  in  the  elegant  saloon  of  the  steamship,  the  guests,  many 
of  whom  were  prominent  shipping-men,  interested  themselves  by  an  earnest 
inspection  of  the  unsurpassed  arrangements,  costly  fittings,  and  elegant  decora- 
tions, and  superb  appointments  generally,  of  this  sea-going  palace.  The  large 
and  comfortable  state-rooms,  capable  of  accommodating  180  cabin-passengers; 
the  ladies'  retiring  salon,  the  bath-rooms,  the  conveniences  of  electric  bells ;  the 
ample,  comfortable,  and  liberal  arrangements  for  800  steerage-passengers ;  and 
the  decorations  of  bronze  figures  and  costly  painted  panels,  elicited  from  the  vis- 
itors the  warmest  expressions  of  admiration.  "  One  of  the  most  complete  and 
cosey  ships  we  were  ever  on,"  was  heard  on  all  sides.  The  "Victoria"  is  380 
feet  in  length,  42  feet  breadth  of  beam,  30  feet  depth  of  hold,  and  cf  3, GOO  tons 
burden.  Her  engines,  of  the  compound  vertical  direct-acting  description,  have 
two  cylinders — the  low  pressure,  108  inches  in  diameter,  and  tho  high  press- 
ure, 60  inches  in  diameter — with  a  stroke  of  piston  of  four  feet.  This  is  tho 
second  vessel  of  her  class  built  by  The  Anchor  Line,  and  is  to  be  followed  by 
four  others  of  greater  dimensions,  and  tho  same  luxurious  appointments.  Upon 
her  return-trip,  the  "Victoria"  will  be  fully  completed  by  the  introduction  of 

gas- 
After  careful  inspection  of  the  craft,  the  visitors  proceeded  to  the  saloon, 
which  was  decorated  with  rare  exotics,  where  a  fine  display  of  culinary  skill  and 
perfection  in  achievement  presented  itself.  Here  there  was  passed  an  hour  or 
so,  during  which  period  there  were  many  toasts  and  felicitous  sentiments,  all  of 
which  were  suitably  responded  to.  The  "Victoria"  will  leave  on  her  return- 
trip  to-morrow  (S  iturday),  and  it  is  only  justice  to  observe,  The  Anchor  Line 


desorve  the  reputation  which  they  have  won  from  an  appreciative  travelling 
public. — New  York  ILrald,  November  22,  1872. 

A  New  Ooean-Sleamer. 

The  new  steamer  "Victoria,"  Captain  R.  D.  Munro,  of  The  Anchor  L:ite, 
now  lying  at  tho  foot  of  Dey  Street,  was  thrown  open,  yesterday,  for  tho  recep- 
tion of  a  large  number  of  invited  guests.  She  is  in  every  way  handsomely  fitted 
up,  and  in  that  respect  the  equal  of  any  vessel  which  enters  the  harbor.  She  was 
built  at  Glasgow,  this  season,  by  Robert  Duncan  &  Co.  She  has  a  carrying  ca- 
pacity of  3,040  tons.  All  the  modern  improvements— such  as  steam  steering- 
gear  and  electric  bells— are  in  the  vessel.  A  smoking-room,  aft  of  the  state- 
rooms, below  the  main  deck,  is  a  novelty.  The  cabin  is  in  the  middle  of  tho 
vessel,  while  the  "  intermediates,"  forward  of  the  cabin,  are  very  comfortable. 
The  entire  interior  finish  is  in  hard  wood,  with  the  exception  of  the  panel-work, 
which  is  of  cedar,  capable  of  a  very  high  polish.  The  passenger  accommoda- 
tion is  for  180  cabin  and  900  steerage.—  New  York  Daily  Tribune,  November  22, 
1872. 

The  New,  Steamer  "  Victoria." 

Tho  new  steamship  "  Victoria,"  of  The  Anchor  Line,  now  lying  at  tho 
foot  of  Dey  Street,  was  thrown  open  yesterday  for  the  reception  of  a  large 
number  of  invited  guests.  She  is  in  every  way  handsomely  fitted  up,  and  in 
that  respect  the  equal  of  any  vessel  which  enters  the  harbor.  All  the  mod- 
ern improvements  are  in  the  vessel.  A  smoking-room  aft  of  the  state-rooms 
below  the  main  deck  is  a  novelty.  The  cabin  is  in  the  middle  of  the  vessel,  while 
the  "intermediates,"  forward  of  the  cabin,  are  very  comfortable.  The  entire 
interior  finish  is  in  hard  wood,  with  the  exception  of  the  panel-work,  which  is  of 
cedar. — N.  Y.  Evening  Mail,  November  22,  1872. 

Inspection  of  a  New  Steamship. 

The  new  steamship  "Victoria,"  of  The  Anchor  Line,  lying  at  Pier  20  North 
River,  was  thrown  open  for  inspection  by  the  public  yesterday.  A  large  number 
of  ladies  and  gentlemen  visited  the  vessel  during  the  afternoon,  and  expressed 
themselves  very  much  pleased  with  the  superior  accommodations  provided." 

The  saloon  is  magnificently  fitted  up,  and  contains  all  modern  luxuries.  The 
state-rooms,  especially  those  intended  for  families,  are  well  lit  and  commodious, 
and  contain  all  the  latest  improvements  known  in  naval  architecture.  The  en- 
tire of  the  wood-work  is  of  hard  wood  and  cedar  alternated,  highly  polished. 
Tho  vessel  is  supplied  with  steam  steering-gear  and  electric  bells. 

The  "  Victoria"  is  commanded  by  Captain  R.  D.  Munro,  and  has  accommo- 
dation for  180  saloon  and  900  steerage  passengers.  She  was  built  in  Glasgow 
this  year,  by  Robert  Duncan  &  Co. — N.  Y.  Daily  News,  November  22,  1872. 

A  New  Steamship. 

Yesterday  the  new  Anchor  Line  steamer  "  Victoria,"  which  arrived  here  on 
her  first  trip  on  Thursday  last,  was  crowded  from  noon  to  5  p.  si.,  by  a  number 
of  invited  guests,  who  made  a  thorough  inspection  of  the  vessel.  She  is  fitted 
up  in  a  superb  style,  and  contains  accommodation  for  900  steerage  and  180  cabin 
passengers.  The  intermediate  cabin,  which  is  only  §5  more  expensive  than  the 
steerage,  deserves  especial  mention,  as  the  accommodation  for  passengers  is 
really  as  good  as  that  of  the  second-class  cabin — N.  Y.  Times,  November  22,  1S72. 

The  Anchor  Line— Inspection  of  the  Steamship  "  Victoria." 

The  new  steamship  "Victoria,"  of  The  Anchor  Line,  was  visited  by  a  largo 
number  of  persons  at  her  dock,  foot  of  Dey  Street,  New  York,  yesterday  after- 
noon, on  the  occasion  of  a  reception  given  by  the  owners,  Henderson  Brothers. 
The  "Victoria"  is  ship-rigged,  360  feet  long,  engines  3,000  horse-power,  and 
carrying  capacity  3,640  tons.  She  was  built  at  Glasgow,  and  cost  $500,000:  ISO 
first  and  second  cabin  passengers  can  be  accommodated,  and  900  steerage  passen- 
gers. The  saloon,  cabin,  and  state-rooms  are  elegantly  furnished  and  finished, 
as  in  all  the  first-elass  steamships  nowadays.  The  vessel  can  be  steered  cither 
by  steam  or  hand.  The  part  that  attracted  most  attention  yesterday  was  tho 
cabin,  both  on  account  of  its  comfortable  surroundings,  and  the  good  things  that 
were  there  displayed  to  visitors. — Brooklyn  Daily  Eaijle,  November  22,  1872. 

"  Victoria  " 

is  the  name  of  the  latest  steamship  of  The  Anchor  Line  ;  she  leaves  New  York 
for  Glasgow  to-day,  Saturday,  for  the  first  time. 

"  Victoria"  is  a  first-class  passenger-ship.  She  is  380  feet  long,  and  has  supe- 
rior accommodations. 

The  day  before  yesterday  there  was  a  splendid  feast  on  board  the  ship,  which 
was  elegantly  adorned  with  the  flags  of  all  nations. 

The  large  saloon  is  more  spacious  and  comfortable  than  in  any  other  ocean- 
ship  ;  it  is  situated  in  the  midst  of  the  steamer,  and  occupies  the  whole  breadth 
of  the  ship;  it  is  fitted  up  with  a  skylight,  admitting  plenty  of  light  during  the 
day. 

Tho  smoking-saloon  is  really  attractive ;  and  the  ladies'  saloon  is  charming, 
even  if  there  were  no  ladies  present.  The  accommodations  for  passengers  arc  in- 
deed unsurpassed  ;  and  the  saloon  has  no  equal  in  any  ship  crossing  the  Atlantic, 


THE  ANCHOR  LINE  OF  STEAMERS. 


71 


The  arrangements  in  this  ship  are  really  so  splendid,  that  you  would  prefer 
dwelling  there  to  any  hotel  in  a  great  city. 

The  Anchor  Line  has  at  present  35  ships  that  carry  passengers  between  the 
Old  World  and  America  ;  during  an  existence  of  16  years  it  has  acquired  such  a 
popularity  that  the  company  competes  successfully  with  the  oldest  lines. 

While  speaking  about  steamboats,  we  may  ask  :  When  will  we  have  a  daily 
connection  with  Europe  ?  We  now  have  regular  Wednesday,  Thursday,  and 
Saturday  boats  ;  but  often,  three  steamships  leave  Wednesday,  and  four  to  seven 
Saturday,  so  that  an  agreement  between  the  lines  would  easily  do  away  with  the 
difficulties  now  existing. — Scandinavian  Post,  November  23,  1872. 

Anchor  Line. 

The  "Victoria,"  the  latest  addition  to  The  AxcnoR  Lint:  fleet,  arrived  here 
on  Friday  last.  She  is  about  3, GOO  tons,  and  was  built  on  the  Clyde  by  Messrs. 
Eobert  Duncan  &  Co.,  her  length  being  3S0  feet,  breadth  of  beam  42  feet,  depth 
of  hold  30  feet.  Her  engines  are  of  the  compound  vertical  direct-acting  type. 
Steam  is  supplied  from  six  tubular  boilers,  with  super-heaters  for  each. 

A  reception  was  given  on  board  the  "Victoria"  by  the  officers  of  this  line, 
on  Thursday,  which  was  attended  by  a  numerous  company,  and  at  which  all  en- 
joyed themselves  thoroughly,  making  many  happy  speeches  in  appreciation  of 
the  beauty  of  the  ship  and  its  appointments.  Want  of  space  prevents  us  from 
reporting  this  affair  fully  this  week. — N.  Y.  Nautical  Gazette,  November  23,  1S72. 

The  New  Steamer  of  the  Anchor  Line. 

The  last  addition  to  the  magnificent  fleet  of  iron  steamships  plying  on  the 
ferry  between  New  York  and  the  western  shores  of  Europe  is  the  "Victoria," 
of  The  Anchor  Lixe,  now  lying  at  the  foot  of  Dey  Street,  and  half-filled  with 
Newtown  pippins,  cheese,  and  other  products  of  our  soil,  for  her  first  return- 
voyage.  The  "Victoria"  is  the  finest  of  all  the  new  European  steamers,  and 
offers  the  most  sumptuous  and  convenient  accommodations  in  her  cabins  for  pas- 
sengers, either  of  first  or  second  class.  She  was  built  at  Fort  Glasgow  in  1ST2, 
by  Eobert  Duncan  &  Co.,  and  has  the  following  dimensions  :  Length,  306  feet ; 
breadth  of  beam,  40  feet  1  inch ;  depth  of  hold,  31.92  feet ;  tonnage,  3,640  tons. 
The  engines,  built  by  the  Finnieston  Steamship  Works,  are  two  compound  and 
direct-acting,  having  one  cylinder  of  107  inches  diameter,  and  another  of  57 
inches.  The  cabins  and  state-rooms  are  designed  for  the  accommodation  of  ISO 
first-class  passengers,  and  the  steerage  has  berths  for  900  persons.  She  is  com- 
manded by  that  experienced  navigator,  E.  D.  Munro,  who  yesterday  entertained 
a  select  company  of  merchants  in  a  very  handsome  manner.  The  Brooklyn  pas- 
senger agent  for  The  AxcnoR  Line  is  Mr.  E.  II.  Fuffer,  No.  20  Court  Street. — 
Brooklyn  Union,  November  23,  1872. 

The  New  Steamship  "  Victoria." 

The  new  steamship  "Victoria,"  of  The  Anchor  Lixe,  was  thrown  open  for 
inspection  by  the  public  Thursday.  A  large  number  of  ladies  and  gentlemen 
visited  the  vessel  during  the  afternoon,  and  expressed  themselves  very  much 
pleased  with  the  superior  accommodations  provided. 

The  saloon  is  magnificently  fitted  up,  and  contains  all  modern  luxuries.  The 
state-rooms,  especially  those  intended  for  families,  are  well  lit  and  commodious, 
and  contain  all  the  latest  improvements  known  in  naval  architecture.  The  en- 
tire wood-work  is  of  hard  wood  and  cedar  alternated,  highly  polished.  The 
vessel  is  supplied  with  steam  steering-gear  and  electric  bells. 

Messrs.  Henderson  Brothers,  7  Bowling  Green  and  21  Broadway,  are  the 
agents  for  this  magnificent  line  of  steamers. — Jf.  Y.  Sunday  News,  November  24, 
1872. 

The  New  Steamer  "Victoria," 

Of  The  Axchor  Lixe,  arrived  in  this  port  November  15th,  having  made  her  first 
trip  across  the  Atlantic  in  12  days,  against  head  winds.  She  sailed  from  New 
York  to  Londonderry  and  Glasgow,  Saturday,  the  23d  of  November,  on  her  first 
voyage  to  the  eastward.  This  steamer  is  similar  to  the  fine  vessel  "  California," 
of  this  line,  which  arrived  here  last  summer.  She  is  a  magnificent  specimen  of 
iron  ship-building,  and,  with  the  exception  of  the  "  California,"  the  best  steamer 
of  the  Anchor  fleet.  The  "  Victoria"  is  a  bark-rigged  iron  screw-steamer, 
with  three  decks.  This  ship  was  built  and  fitted  out  by  Messrs.  Eobert  Dun- 
can &  Co.,  of  Port-Glasgow.  Her  engines  were  supplied  by  the  Finnieston 
Works,  Glasgow,  which  firm  is  but  a  branch  of  Tue  Axchor  Lixe,  which  now 
builds  and  equips  its  own  vessels.  The  main  saloon  is  located  near  the  midship 
section  of  the  vessel.  It  occupies  the  whole  width,  and  is  40  feet  broad,  by  42 
feet  long  and  8  feet  high,  and  is  most  elegantly  furnished  with  sofas,  easy-chairs, 
lounges,  etc.  It  is  also  supplied  with  a  piano-forte,  card-tables,  well-filled  book- 
cases, and  other  appliances  for  amusement  or  recreation.  In  the  centre  of  the 
saloon  is  a  large,  square  skylight,  which  rises  about  eight  feet  above  the  deck  ; 
it  has  a  plate-glass  top  and  ports  on  either  side,  so  that  the  saloon  is  thus  light, 
bright,  and  well  ventilated.  This  skylight  is  filled  with  numerous  ornamental 
vases,  filled  with  choice  plants,  which  afford  a  pleasing  contrast  to  the  rich  cabi- 
net-work and  furniture.  The  saloon  and  state-rooms  are  situated  on  the  main 
deck,  so  that  the  ports  can  remain  open  in  almost  any  weather.  The  state-rooms 
are  large,  roomy,  and  well  ventilated ;  they  have  signal  or  electric  bells,  and 


possess  every  improvement  common  to  the  best  modern  Atlantic  steamer. 
There  is  accommodation  for  ISO  first-class  and  900  steerage  passengers.  The 
arrangements  for  their  comfort  are  most  complete,  every  thing  w  bleb  expe- 
rience could  suggest  having  been  done  to  make  both  first  and  second  class 
passengers  comfortable.  The  engines  are  of  the  compound  direct-acting  pat- 
tern, having  two  eyliuders  of  87  and  107  inches  diameter  each,  and  a  stroke  of 
piston  of  four  feet.  The  managers  of  the  line  opened  the  steamer  for  the  inspec- 
tion of  invited  guests  on  Thursday,  November  21st,  when  a  substantial  lunch 
was  provided,  which  did  justice  to  the  efficiency  of  the  steward's  department. 
— Sew  York  Shipping  Gazette,  December  1,  1872.  * 

Another  Ocean  Palace— The  New  Anchor  Line  Steamship  "  Victoria"— A 
Splendid  Specimen  of  Scotch  Skill  and  Enterprise,  Comfort,  Convenience, 
and  Luxury  afloat. 

The  day  was,  and  that  not  so  very  long  ago,  when,  as  Americans,  we  prided 
ourselves  on  the  possession  of  the  finest,  fleetest,  and  most  magnificent  steam- 
ships in  the  world.  The  Collins  Line  of  Liverpool  mail-steamships,  though 
never  a  success  financially  (thanks  to  the  cut-throat  policy  of  our  economical 
Democratic  Government),  were  a  credit  to  their  builders,  and  reflected  honor  on 
the  country.    Under  the  favoring  auspices  of  an  ordinarily 

WISE  C0M3IERCIAL  POLICY, 

the  line  would  not  only  have  been  a  paying  speculation  for  its  owners,  but  a 
great  benefit  to  the  country.  But  the  owl-like  wisdom  of  our  immaculate  Con- 
gressional legislators  forbade  it.  While  they  drew  their  mileage  ad  libitum,  they 
did  not  see  hew  the  country  could  afford  to  "subsidize" — that  was  the  bone  in 
the  economical  throat — a  line  of  European  steamships.  It  was  well  enough  to 
"  subsidize"  New  England  manufacturers  at  the  country's  expense,  but  the  idea 
of  making  up  the  deficiency  in  the  running  expenses  of  a  great  steamship  line 
was  not  to  be  thought  of  by  these 

SEXATOP.IAL  SOLOXS. 

Well,  the  country  sees  the  result  of  this  penny-wise  and  pound-foolish  pol- 
icy. It  is  worse  than  nonsensical  to  say  that  the  failure  of  our  ocean-steamship 
trade  is  due  to  purely  natural  causes — that,  in  other  words,  we  can  neither  build, 
equip,  nor  sail  ships  in  competition  with  our  wealthy  Transatlantic  cousins. 
There  is  no  truth  in  it.    As  well  might  it  be  affirmed  that  British 

RAILROADS  SHOULD  EE  IMPORTED  HERE. 

And  everybody  knows  that  we  don't  want  that  peculiar  style  of  locomotion. 
Our  "cars"  are  comfortable,  rcnmy,  and  luxurious  ;  our  roads  cost  more  money 
and  pay  larger  dividends.  Indeed,  an  English  railway  that  pays  dividends  at 
all  is  a  rare  exception. 

But  our  railroads  are  all  "  subsidized  "  heavily.  And  much  as  we  may  grum- 
ble at  these  unconscionable  monopolies,  no  sane  man  will  say  that  they  are  not 
the  great  commercial  arteries  that  send  the  life-blood  of  trade  and  prosperity 
coursing  through  the  country. 

The  British  Government,  always  keenly  alive  to  the 

COMMERCIAL  INTERESTS  OF  THE  COUNTRY, 

knowing  the  importance  of  its  maritime  supremacy,  with  a  wisdom  that  is  cred- 
itable, and  has  proved  profitable,  has  given  a  cenerous  aid  to  their  enterprising 
ship,  or  rather  steamship  owners,  that  has  enabled  them  to  monopolize  the  car- 
rying-trade of  the  world.  What  if  these  steamship-owners  do  get  rich — and 
enormously  rich  ?  Their  riches  go  to  fill  the  already  plethoric  purse  of  Mr.  J. 
Bull.  They  give  employment  to  thousands  of  his  (perhaps  we  should  say  her) 
loyal  subjects  ;  do  honor  to  his  enterprise,  and 

SUSTAIN  IN  THE  MOST  TAXGIELE  WAY 

his  claim  as  the  leader  of  a  grand  civilization. 

Then  it  must  not  be  forgotten  that  they  add  to  his  naval  power  a  degree  of 
strength  that  only  a  great  war  can  develop. 

And  then  all  this  cost  but  little. 

It  only  was  needed  to  set  the  ball  rolling ;  the  impetus  thus  given  has  not 
only  kept  it  in  motion,  but  increased  its  velocity  in  a  way  that  has  set  all  physi- 
cal laws  at  defiance. 

The  Cunard  Line  (now  rather  an  old-fogy  concern)  was  started  by  govern- 
ment bounty ;  the  Inman  Line  was  kept  afloat  for  years  by  the  patronage  of  the 
Chancellor  of  the  Exchequer.  The  public  patronage,  by  which  this  government 
aid  was  supplemented,  rapidly  made' fortunes  for  the  projectors  of  both  lines.  An 

LMMEXSE  INCREASE  IN  EUSIXESS 

naturally  led  to  rivalry ;  and  English  capital,  Scotch  enterprise,  and  Irish  discon- 
tent, made  British  subsidy  unnecessary.. 

The  steamship  lines  multiplied,  until  now,  instead  of  two,  we  have  a  dozen 
Transatlantic  lines,  and  instead  of  a  weekly  a  daily  line  of  ocean-steamships. 

But  we  did  not  start  out  to  write  an  essay,  but  simply  to  describe  one  of  the 
finest  additions  to  this  great  British  fleet  of  ocean-steamers — the  "  Victoria,"  of 
The  Axcnop.  Lixe.  We  will,  however,  premise  the  description  by  a  brief  his- 
tory of  the  line  itself.    And  that  history  is  a  record  of  Scotch  thrift, 

EXTEP.rr.ISE  AXD  IXDUSTRY, 

that  is  eminently  worthy  of  honorable  mention. 


72 


THE  ANCHOR  LINE  OF  STEAMERS. 


The  lino  was  organized,  or  rather  Started,  in  185G,  by  llandysidc  &  Hender- 
son, with  two  shins,  the 

"  TEMPEST  "  AND  "  JOHN  BELL," 

both  sailing-ships  that  had  been  converted  into  auxiliary  steamers.  The  gentle- 
men composing  the  firm  were  all  practical  sailors — not  theoretical  speculators. 
They  had  all  served  bet'oro  the  mast,  and  thoroughly  understood  the  ins  and 
outs  of  the  business  they  had  embarked  in.  Imbued  with  that  business  shrewd- 
ness, and  those 

JNDCSTBTDUS  ANU  ECONOMICAL  HABITS 

that  arc  the  national  traits  of  their  countrymen,  their  enterprise  met  with  that 
success  that  so  rarely  fails  to  reward  well-directed  endeavor.  Their  modest  lit- 
tle beginning  gavo  small  promise  of  tho  vast  business  that  a  few  years  has 
brought  Qwm.    Their  two  improvised  steamers  were  the  pioneers  of 

A  MAGNIFICENT  FLEET 

of  thirty-five  splendid  iron  steamships  that  now  sail  under  The  "  Anchor  "  flag, 
and  traverse  every  ocean  known  to  commerce.  In  addition  to  their  semi-weekly 
Transatlantic  line  (composed  of  the  most  magnificent  steamships  entering  this 
port)  plying  between  New  York,  Londonderry,  and  Glasgow,  their  trade  extends 
to  every  port  in  the  Baltic  and  tho  Mediterranean. 

Their  steamers  leave  Glasgow  weekly  for  Lisbon,  Gibraltar,  Genoa,  Leghorn, 
Naples,  Messina,  and  Palermo;  fortnightly  for  Trieste  and  Venice,  and  monthly 
for  Algiers,  Tunis,  Malta,  and  Alexandria.    They  have  also  inaugurated 

A  SEMI-MONTHLY  LINE 

of  steamships  between  New  York  and  the  Mediterranean  ports,  and  in  this  now 
and  hitherto 

UNTRIED  ENTERPRISE 

have  already  laid  the  foundation  for  a  great  trade. 

The  "  Victoria,"  the  last  ship  added  to  their  Glasgow  line,  is  a  splendid  ves- 
sel, and  possesses  features  of  improvement  over  any  other  ocean-steamship 
afloat.  She  is  380  feet  in  length,  42  feet  breadth  of  beam,  30  feet  depth  of  hold, 
and  of  3,  GOO  tons  burden.  Her  engines  are  on  the  most  improved  compound 
direct-acting  principle,  and  were  manufactured  at  the  company's  own  establish- 
ment at  Glasgow,  known  as  the  Finnieston  Steamship  Works.  The  ship  was 
built  at  the  company's  own  dock-yard  on  tho  Clyde — that  hitherto  owned  by  the 
celebrated  firm  of  Todd  &  McGregor,  but  recently  purchased  by  the  Messrs. 
Henderson.  The  firm  now  build,  rig,  and  entirely  equip  their  own  ships,  fin- 
ishing them  upon  their  own  establishments  with  every  article, 

FROM  SPUN  YARN  TO  CHAIN-CABLES  AND  ANCHORS. 

It  can,  therefore,  be  easily  imagined  that  none  but  tho  best  material  enters 
into  their  build  cr  outfit. 

The  "  Victoria"  gives  good  evidence  of  the  fact  by  the 

STRENGTH  AND  SOLIDITY 

of  her  construction,  and  the  ninute  care  everywhere  observable  in  her  general 
"finish."  She  is  modelled  on  the  same  beautiful  lines  as  her  sister  ship,  the 
"  California,"  but  eclipses  her  in  many  respects. 

The  main  saloon,  which  is  situated  amidships,  is  a  magnificent  apartment  of 
fifty  by  forty  feet,  and  is  fitted  up  in  a  style  of 

LUXURIOUS  SPLENDOR 

that  almost  baffles  description.   It  is  lighted  by  an  hnmenso  skylight,  twenty  - 


flvc  feet  long  by  ten  wide,  and  with  a  height  of  eight  feet  from  the  saloon  ceil- 
ing. The  sides  are  of  solid  iron,  and  are  bolted  to  the  deck  in  a  way  that  defies 
the  fury  of  tho  strongest  sea.  The  glass  is  of  a  beautifully  ornamental  kind, 
and  the  panels  handsomely  frescoed.  Tho  largo  Bpaco  afforded  between  tho 
ceiling  and  the  top  of  the  skylight  is 

TASTEFULLY  UTILIZED 

by  handsome  rustic  hanging  baskets  and  boxes,  from  which  depend  trailing 
vines  of  variegated  ivy  and  other  beautiful  plants.  A  fine  marine  clock  at  one 
end,  and  a  thermometer  at  the  other,  keep  the  passengers  posted  on  the  time  and 

THE  "  WEATHER  PROBABILITIES." 

The  saloon  is  fitted  up  in  rosewood  and  satinwood  panelling,  and  the  corri- 
dors from  which  the  state-rooms  open,  in  teak-wood  and  polished  pine.  The  up- 
holstery of  the  saloon  is  of  the  finest  red-morocco  leather,  and  the  curtains  and 
hangings  of  rich  si'k  damask.    Four  tables,  affording  accommodation  for 

OVER  ONE  HUNDRED  PASSENGEB9, 

run  the  length  of  the  saloon.  A  fine  Collard  piano,  a  good  library,  easy-chairs, 
lounges,  and  marble-top  sideboards,  fill  up  the  remaining  available  space.  In 
addition  to  the  large  skylight  above  referred  to,  there  are  numerous  dead-lights 
all  around  ;  not  the 

OLD-FASHIONED  BULL'S-EYE  AFFAIRS, 

but  neat  ground  and  figured  glass  windows,  square  in  shape. 

The  "  Victoria"  has  accommodations  for  180  first-class  and  800  steerage  pas- 
sengers. The  first-class  state-rooms,  like  the  saloons,  are  fitted  up  in  splendid 
style,  are  roomy,  and  possess  every  convenience  that  experience  and  good  taste 
could  suggest.  Over  every  berth  is  placed  an  electric  bell-knob,  by  which,  in  an 
instant,  a  steward  can  be  summoned.  Saloon,  smoking-room,  bath-rooms,  ladies' 
boudoir — in  fact,  every  part  of  the  ship — arc  furnished  with  the  same 

ELECTRIC  MESSENGERS. 

All  the  apartments  above  mentioned  are  fitted  up  in  the  same  Btyle  of  elegance 
as  those  already  described.  No  effort  of  ingenuity  seems  to  have  been  Spared  to 
render  the  ship  comfortable,  and  no  modern  convenience  neglected  that  could  sub- 
serve that  purpose.  Even  a  regular  American  barber-shop,  with  the  regulation- 
chair,  has  not  been  forgotten.  The  pantry  is  neat  and  convenient — the  floor  of 
handsome  encaustic  tile.  It  is  connected  with  the  galley  by  a  dumb-waiter,  and 
furnished  with  steam-tables,  on  which  the  meats  aro  kept  warm. 

The  arrangements  for  the  safe  navigation  of  the  vessel  are  all  that  science  has 
yet  suggested — 

STEAM  STEERING-APPARATUS,  ETC. 

Tho  vessel  is  as  strong  as  iron  and  wood  could  make  her. 

She  has  three  decks,  each  affording  a  clear  promenade  from  stem  to  stern. 
These  decks  aro  all  of  six-inch  pitch-pine.  Four  stringer  plates  of  immense 
strength  run  the  entire  length  of  the  ship,  and  attached  to  tho  athwart-beams  are 
angle-irons  to  still  further  strengthen  her. 

THE  STEERAGE  ACCOMMODATIONS 

are  excellent,  an  important  improvement  being  the  thorough  ventilation  secured. 
This  is  accomplished  by  means  of  an  immense  fan  driven  by  the  main  engine. 
The  foul  air  is  thus  expelled,  and  a  current  of  fresh  air  introduced. 

In  short,  the  "  Victoria"  is  in  every  respect  a  model  ocean-steamship,  and  a 
credit  to  her  enterprising  owners  and  builders,  and  cannot  fail  to  add  to  tho 
popularity  of  The  Anchor  Line.— New  York  Irish  Democrat,  December  7,  1872. 


THE  ANCHOR  LINE. 


During  the  fifteen  or  sixteen  years  that  this  Line  has  been  in  exist- 
ence the  owners  have  built  between  forty  and  fifty  vessels  of  the  high- 
est class,  and  at  the  present  time  they  possess  a  fleet  of  steamers,  and 
embrace  a  trade,  which  should  justly  entitle  them  to  a  very  exalted 
position  in  the  commercial  and  shipping  world.  The  Anchor  Line  was 
started  in  the  year  1856  by  Messrs.  Handyside  and  Henderson,  the 
present  owners.  Like  many  other  gigantic  concerns,  it  had  a  very 
humble  beginning.  There  were  only  one  or  two  vessels  to  commence 
with  ;  but  the  anticipations  of  a  successful  trade  between  Glasgow  and 
New  York  began  early  to  be  realized,  and  the  establishment,  not  long 
after,  of  a  weekly  service  between  those  ports,  shows  how  quickly  the 
trade  had  developed.  The  weekly  service  was  eventually  found  in- 
sufficient to  meet  the  requirements  of  the  traffic,  and,  during  the  sum- 
mer months,  two  steamers  are  now  regularly  dispatched  week  by  week 
— one  vessel  sailing  from  Glasgow  on  the  Wednesday,  and  a  second  on 
the  following  Saturday.  During  the  winter  months  this  arrangement 
is  somewhat  altered.  The  Saturday's  steamer  continues  to  run  as  be- 
fore, but  the  Wednesday  boats  sail  every  alternate  week.  All  these 
steamers,  which  are  dispatched  from  Glasgow  to  New  York,  call  at 
Moville,  Lough  Foyle,  for  the  purpose  of  embarking  passengers.  As 
this  branch  of  the  service  began  to  ripen  into  prosperity  the  firm  seemed 
to  have  looked  about  them  for  fresh  fields  of  enterprise,  and  it  may  be 
as  well,  perhaps,  to  enumerate  the  different  routes  which  are  at  the 
present  time  taken  by  their  steamers.  To  mention,  first  of  all,  the 
Mediterranean  service — which  supplies  The  Axchok  Line  with  very 
extensive  employment — their  steamers  leave  Glasgow  weekly  for  Lis- 
bon, Gibraltar,  Genoa,  Leghorn,  Naples,  Messina,  and  Palermo ;  fort- 
nightly for  Trieste  and  Venice ;  and  monthly  for  Algiers,  Tunis,  Malta, 
and  Alexandria.  These  sailings  afford  capital  opportunities  to  tourist 
passengers  who  have  the  necessary  time  at  their  disposal,  because  by 
taking  what  is  called  the  "round  voyage,"  which  usually  occupies 
about  seven  weeks,  they  can  embrace  within  the  circle  of  their  sailings, 
Lisbon,  Gibraltar,  Genoa,  Leghorn,  Pisa,  Florence,  Rome,  Naples, 
Sicily,  Venice,  and  Trieste.  Taking  again  the  "  Indian  service,"  we  find 
steamers  sailing  monthly  from  Glasgow  for  Alexandria,  in  connection 
with  the  Peninsular  and  Oriental  and  British  India  Steam  Navigation 
Companies,  by  means  of  which  system  passengers  can  be  forwarded 
from  Suez  to  Bombay,  Colombo,  Madras,  Calcutta,  Rangoon,  Moulmein, 
and  all  the  principal  towns  in  India.  In  a  third  direction  steamers  are 
running  monthly  during  the  summer  season  from  Glasgow,  Liverpool, 
and  London,  to  Halifax,  N.  S.,  and  St.  John,  N.  B.  Owing,  however, 
to  the  dangers  which  beset  navigation  in  that  direction  during  the 
winter,  the  service  to  Halifax  and  St.  John  is  only  kept  up  between  the 
months  of  March  and  September,  so  that  for  the  present  year  it  has 
just  terminated.  What  is  called  the  North  Sea  service  forms  another 
part  of  the  business  of  the  owuers  of  the  Anchor  Line,  steamers  being 
dispatched  weekly  during  the  season  of  open  navigation  for  Christiania, 
Christianssand,  and  Gothenburg.  This  branch  must  necessarily  form 
a  valuable  "feeder"  to  the  more  extensive  trade  which  the  firm  carries 
on  between  Glasgow  and  New  York.  Scandinavian  and  other  passen- 
gers can  be  brought  across  from  Gothenburg  to  Granton  in  two  days, 
or  from  Christianssand  in  a  day  and  a  half;  and,  as  Granton  is  only  a 
very  short  journey  by  rail  from  Glasgow,  they  can  be  shipped  on  board 
The  Anchor  steamers  for  New  York  on  the  third  day  after  leaving  their 
10 


homes.  In  going  by  the  steamers  from  Liverpool  they  have  to  cross 
over  to  Hull,  and  thence  proceed  by  rail  to  Liverpool.  .  The  formei 
route  is  claimed  as  the  shortest,  and  the  directors  of  The  Anchor  Line 
have  arranged  the  departures  of  their  vessels  from  Gothenburg  and 
Christianssand  so  as  to  expedite,  as  far  as  possible,  the  shipment  of 
passengers  and  cargo  on  board  their  New  York  steamers.  There  re- 
mains still  to  be  mentioned  another  distinctive  feeder  of  the  "Anchor" 
trade.  This  consists  of  their  sailings  between  the  Mediterranean  and 
America.  Under  the  present  arrangements  steamers  leave  Genoa,  Leg- 
horn, Naples,  Messina,  Palermo,  Marseilles,  and  Gibraltar,  once  a  fort- 
night for  New  York ;  once  a  month  other  steamers  sail  from  Trieste 
and  Venice  for  the  same  great  emporium  of  commerce;  and  every  fort- 
night during  the  months  of  August,  September,  and  October,  steamers 
are  also  dispatched  from  Malaga,  Almerie,  Valencia,  and  Denia,  for 
New  York.  To  work  up  such  an  extensive  system  of  ocean  communica- 
tion as  this  must  have  required  an  immense  expenditure  of  money,  and 
at  the  same  time  the  exercise  of  considerable  perseverance  and  com- 
mercial tact  and  ability.  The  success  with  which  these  necessary 
agencies  have  been  brought  to  bear  in  connection  with  The  Anchoe 
Line  seems  sufficiently  apparent  from  its  present  condition  of  prosperity. 
With  respect  to  the  Mediterranean  trade  homeward,  the  steamers,  as  a 
rule,  load  cargoes  for  Liverpool  and  Glasgow,  and  in  some  instances 
they  discharge  the  whole  cargo  at  this  port.  The  steamers  from  New 
York  also  occasionally  come  to  this  port,  bringing  cargo  both  for  Liver- 
pool and  Glasgow. 

The  fine  steamers  which  form  the  Anchor  fleet  have  been  built  by 
several  well-known  ship-builders  on  the  Clyde ;  some  of  them  by  Alex- 
ander Stevens  &  Son ;  others  by  Robert  Duncan  &  Co.  Latterly  the 
engines  and  boilers  have  been  supplied  from  the  company's  own  estab- 
lishment at  Glasgow — known  as  the  "  Finnieston  Steamship  Works." 
Some  of  the  later  of  these  steamers  are  of  great  capacity,  both  as  pas- 
senger and  as  cargo-carrying  vessels.  The  accommodation  provided 
for  passengers  of  all  classes  is  not  surpassed  by  that  of  any  competing 
line,  and  the  model  and  power  of  the  engines  are  such  as  to  insure  a 
good  average  speed  both  outward  and  homeward.  As  the  sulyect  of 
"  steerage  accommodation  "  has  been  made  almost  a  topic  of  the  day, 
it  may  be  as  well,  before  referring  further  to  the  style  of  the  Anchor 
steamers,  to  state  the  kind  of  provision  made  for  passengers  of  the  class 
indicated.  The  ocean-fare  for  the  voyage  to  New  York  is  fixed  at  the 
same  amount  by  all  the  leading  steamship  companies — namely,  six 
guineas  for  each  adult,  half  that  fare  for  children  under  eight  years  of 
age,  and  one  guinea  for  infants.  For  this  they  li  e  provided  with  sleep- 
ing berths,  but  they  are  required  to  find  their  own  beds  and  bedding ; 
and,  in  addition,  a  tin  plate,  quart  mug,  knife,  fork,  spoon,  and  water 
can — all  of  which  can  be  obtained  for  a  comparatively  small  sum.  The 
undertaking,  on  the  part  of  the  ship-owneis,  is  to  provide  each  steerage 
passenger  with  at  least  one  gallon  of  water  daily,  and  weekly  with  not 
less  than  2i  lbs.  of  bread,  a  liberal  supply  of  rice,  3  lbs.  of  potatoes, 
1  lb.  of  peas,  2  lbs.  of  corned-beef,  1  lb.  of  fresh  beef,  11  lb.  of  pickled 
pork,  2  ozs.  of  tea,  2  ozs.  of  coffee  or  cocoa,  1  gill  of  molasses  or  treacle, 
1  lb.  of  sugar,  1  gill  of  vinegar;  pepper,  salt,  and  mustard;  lib.  of 
butter,  i  lb.  of  raisins ;  and  salt-fish  occasionally,  when  wanted,  which 
is  served  properly  cooked.  Children  under  12  years  of  age  receive 
half  these  rations.    When  potatoes  are  not  in  season,  or  if  they  happer 


THE  ANCHOR  LINE  OF  STEAMERS. 


to  have  been  all  used,  rice  is  served  out  as  a  substitute — 1  lb.  of  rice 
being  regarded  as  equal  to  3  lbs.  of  raw  potatoes.  This  scale  indicates 
generally  the  description  and  quantities  of  provisions  issued,  but  no 
restriction  as  to  quantity  is  made  so  long  as  no  absolute  waste  is  ob- 
servable. Every  article  of  provision  supplied  is  invariably  tested  by 
some  of  the  principals  connected  with  the  firm  just  before  the  vessels 
start  upon  their  voyage,  so  that  good  quality  is  always  insured.  Pro- 
vision is  mado  against  sickness  by  the  carrying  of  a  duly-qualified  sur- 
gon  on  board  each  steamer,  and  it  may  bo  mentioned  that  no  charge  is 
made  for  medicines  that  may  be  required  during  a  voyage.  The  "Cali- 
fornia," one  of  the  newest  of  the  Anchor  steamers,  is  a  vessel  of  about 
3,400  tons.  She  was  built  on  the  Clyde  by  Alexander  Stevens  &  Sons. 
Her  length  is  301  feet  6  inches;  hep  engines,  two  in  number,  are  on  the 
compound  vertical  direct-acting  principle ;  and  tho  steam  for  working 
them  is  generated  in  six  boilers.  The  smoking-saloon  is  one  of  the 
cosiest  and  most  attractive  that  can  be  seen  on  an  ocean-going  steamer. 
Ladies,  of  course,  are  deprived  of  the  enjoyment  of  this  apartment ;  but 
the  deprivation  is  amply  compensated  for  by  the  tempting  little  retreat 
which  is  called  "  The  Ladies'  Boudoir,"  and  is  devoted  to  their  special 
use.  The  saloon  extends  across  the  vessel  from  side  to  side.  The 
fittings,  the  furniture,  the  upholstery,  and  the  general  decorations  of 


this  magnificent  saloon,  are  of  a  most  luxurious  character,  and  instinc- 
tively betray  one  into  a  contrast  of  the  "  California"  with  those  earliest 
examples  of  steam-vessels  which  formed  the  nucleus  of  our  present 
transatlantic  service.  Tho  system  of  having  the  saloon  across  the 
whole  width  of  the  vessel  is  one  which  appears  to  be  much  approved 
of  by  passengers,  because,  while  it  gives  increased  space  to  the  saloon 
itself,  the  sleeping-berths  are  by  this  arrangement  removed,  and  tho 
distressing  sights  and  sounds  sometimes  created  by  persons  suffering 
from  sickness  are  thereby  obviated. 

Tho  following  are  the  vessels  belonging  to  The  Anciiok  Line  : 

Tho  Victoria  will  start  on  her  maiden  voyage,  and  one  or  two  of  tho 
other  vessels  marked  as  "building"  are  only  waiting  to  receive  their 
engines,  being  already  afloat.  To  show  the  extent  of  Messrs.  Ilandysido 
&  Henderson's  business  connection,  it  may  bo  added  that  they  have 
distinct  establishments  at  the  following  places:  At  Glasgow  and 
Londonderry,  under  the  title  of  "Ilandyside  &  Henderson,"  and  at 
Liverpool,  London,  Dundee,  Granton,  Christiania,  Leith,  Gothenburg, 
Drontheim,  New  York,  and  Chicago,  under  the  title  of  "  Henderson 
Brothers."— Lieeiyool  Daily  Albion,  October  5,  1872. 


GENERAL  MAP  SHEWING  ESTABLISHED  ROUTES  ^CONNECTIONS  OF  THE  SERVICES  PERFORMED  BY  THE  STEAMERS  OF  THE  ANCHOR  LINE.!' 


Jf'jp  '/J/,-  ,/tttff//  /////»•  s)i,vt  ;'>r  ■  '/////«>  /•/////  O/Mirr/umx 


A  CONDENSED  HISTORY  OF  STEAM. 


"  Soon  shall  thy  arm,  unconqucred  steam,  afar 
Drag  the  slow  barge,  or  drive  the  rapid  car." — Darwin. 


About  b.  c.  230,  Hero  of  Alexandria  invented  three 
different  but  simple  contrivances,  showing  the  expansive 
power  of  steam,  and  in  which  rotatory  motion  was  produced 
by  steam  issuing  from  orifices,  as  water  does  in  Barker's 
mill. 

a.  d.  450,  Anthemius,  an  architect,  arranged  several 
caldrons  of  water,  each  covered  with  a  wide  bottom  of 
leather  tube,  which  rose  to  a  narrow  top,  with  pipes  extend- 
ing to  the  rafters  of  the  adjoining  building.  A  fire  was 
kindled  beneath  the  caldrons,  and  the  house  was  shaken 
by  the  efforts  of  the  steam  ascending  the  tubes.  This  is 
the  first  recorded  notice  of  the  power  of  steam. 

In  1543,  a  Spanish  captain,  named  Blasco  de  Garay, 
showed,  in  the  harbor  of  Barcelona,  a  steamboat  of  about 
200  tons,  his  own  invention.  It  consisted  of  a  caldron  of 
boiling  water  under  a  movable  wheel  on  each  side  of  the 
ship  ;  bnt  after  a  while  was  laid  aside  as  impracticable. 

In  1562,  the  preacher  Mathesius,  in  his  sermon  to  miners, 
prays  for  a  man  who  "  raises  water  by  tire  and  air,"  show- 
ing the  early  application  of  steam-power  in  Germany. 

In  1601,  G.  della  Porta  invented  an  apparatus  for  rais- 
ing water,  by  placing  a  tube  into  a  close  vessel,  in  which  a 
vacuum  had  been  obtained  by  condensation  of  steam. 

In  1615,  Solomon  de  Caus,  a  French  engineer,  describes 
in  one  of  his  works  a  steam-engine,  which  was  merely  a  con- 
trivance for  forcing  the  water  contained  in  a  copper  ball 
through  a  tube  by  applying  heat. 

In  1629,  G.  Branca,  an  Italian  engineer,  invented  a  sort 
of  steam  wind-mill;  the  steam,  being  generated  in  a  boiler, 
was  directed  by  a  spout  against  the  flat  vanes  of  a  wheel, 
which  was  then  set  in  motion. 

In  1647,  Nye,  an  English  mathematician,  published  a 
work,  entitled  "  The  Art  of  Gunnery,"  in  which  he  pro- 
poses to  "  charge  a  piece  of  ordnance  by  putting  water  in- 
stead of  powder,  ramming  down  an  air-tight  plug  of  wood, 
and  then  the  shot,  and  applying  a  fire  to  the  breech  till  it 
burst  out  suddenly." 

The  first  successful  effort  in  England  was  that  of  the 


Marquis  of  Worcester.  In  his  "  Century  of  Inventions," 
1655,  he  describes  a  steam  apparatus  by  which  he  raised  a 
column  of  water  to  the  height  of  40  feet.  This,  with  the 
exception  of  Blasco  de  Garay's,  was  the  first  really  useful 
application  of  steam  ;  the  others  had  been  mere  toys. 

In  1683,  Sir  Samuel  Morland  submitted  to  Louis  XIY. 
a  project  for  raising  water  by  means  of  steam. 

In  1698,  Captain  Savery  obtained  the  first  patent  for 
the  application  of  steam-power  to  various  kinds  of  machines. 

In  1703,  Papin  published  his  ideas,  together  with  a  draw- 
ing of  an  engine  of  his  own  construction,  and  to  him  is  often 
attributed  the  origin  of  the  idea  of  the  cylinder  and  piston. 

In  1705,  Thomas  Newcomen  carried  out  the  principle  of 
the  piston  in  his  atmospheric  engine,  for  which  he  obtained 
a  patent.  This  was  the  first  engine  that  was  made  practi- 
cally and  extensively  useful,  and  forms  the  transition  to  the 
present  steam-engine. 

In  1765,  James  Watt  made  the  first  perfect  steam-engine, 
and  which,  with  certain  improvements  patented  in  1769- 
1785,  is  essentially  the  same  as  the  condensing  engine  now 
in  use,  and,  in  estimating  some  of  the  value  of  the  benefits 
Watt  conferred  on  the  world,  Lord  Jeffrey  says :  "  It  has 
increased  indefinitely  the  mass  of  human  comforts  and  en- 
joyments ;  and  rendered  cheap  and  accessible,  all  over  the 
world,  the  materials  of  wealth  and  prosperity.  It  has  armed 
the  feeble  hand  of  man,  in  short,  with  a  power  to  which  no 
limits  can  be  assigned  ;  completed  the  dominion  of  mind 
over  the  most  refractory  qualities  of  matter;  and  laid  a 
sure  foundation  for  all  those  future  miracles  of  mechanic 
power  which  are  to  aid  and  reward  the  labors  of  after-gen- 
erations. It  is  to  the  genius  of  one  man,  too,  that  all  this  is 
maiuly  owing  !  And  certainly  no  man  ever  bestowed  such 
a  gift  on  his  kind.  The  blessing  is  not  only  universal  but 
unbounded  ;  and  the  fabled  inventors  of  the  plough  and  the 
loom,  wTho  were  deified  by  the  erring  gratitude  of  their 
rude  contemporaries,  conferred  less  important  benefits  on 
mankind  than  the  inventor  of  our  present  steam-engine. 
This  will  be  the  fame  of  Watt  with  future  generations." 


APPLICATION  OF  STEAM  TO  NAVIGATION. 


"  Columbus,  before  that  wonderful  voyage  of  his  across  the  Atlantic  Sea,  assigned  reasons  for  his  opinion  that  new  lands  and  continents  might 
be  found  besides  those  that  were  previously  known ;  which  reasons,  though  at  first  rejected,  were  yet  afterward  approved  by  the  experiment,  and 
became  the  causes  and  beginnings  of  most  impoitant  enterprises." — Lord  Bacon. 


When  once  steam  was  known  as  a  motive  power,  its  ap- 
plication to  navigation  was  obvious  enough  ;  it  was  even  to 
this  purpose  that  the  first  recorded  attempt  was  made  to 
apply  it  at  all — that  of  Blasco  de  Garay,  in  the  harbor  of 
J5arcelona,  in  1543.  The  only  surprising  question  is,  that 
thirty  years  should  have  elapsed — between  1777,  when  the 
steam-engine  had  become  in  "Watt's  hands  an  efficient 
power  for  other  purposes,  and  1807,  the  date  of  Fulton's 
first  voyage — before  a  really  serviceable  steam-vessel  was 
produced.  Boats  using  revolving  paddles  instead  of  oars, 
and  propelled  by  oxen,  horses,  or  men,  were  known  to  the 
Romans,  and  used  for  ferry-boats  in  modern  times,  and  the 
great  problem  on  which  savants  and  illustrious  mechanics 
had  been  expending  their  inventive  genius  was  the  applica- 
tion ol'  machinery  for  propulsion,  and  a  power  greater  than 
animal  or  manual  to  drive  that  machinery.  Watt  showed 
how  that  egg  could  stand  on  the  table.  The  world  had  now 
got  the  rotating  engine,  the  crank  connection  with  a  shaft, 
the  revolving  wheels,  the  rotating  paddles:  but  who  was  to 
turn  all  to  practical  uses? 


In  1736,  Jonathan  Hulls  obtained  in  England  a  patent 
for  a  tow-boat,  to  be  used  by  a  paddle-wheel,  set  in  motion 
by  a  sort  of  steam-engine.  The  project  appears  never  to 
have  been  executed. 

In  1756,  Gautier,  a  French  mathematician,  issued  a 
treatise  on  "Navigation  by  Fire,"  which  attracted  the  at- 
tention of  the  Venetian  Republic,  and  procured  for  him 
an  invitation  to  the  shores  of  the  Adriatic ;  he  went,  but 
death  soon  put  an  end  to  his  labors.  His  theory,  however, 
was  practically  exemplified  in  1782,  when  the  Marquis  de 
Jouffrey  constructed  a  steamboat  of  considerable  size, 
which  navigated  the  Saone  for  some  time ;  it  was  deficient, 
however,  in  power. 

From  1774  to  1790,  the  Count  d'Auxinon,  the  Brothers 
Pereire,  and  others,  in  France,  severally  constructed  and  tried 
boats  to  be  propelled  by  steam,  none  of  which  were  successful. 

In  1783  to  17S!>,  Fitch  and  Btiniscy  were  experimenting, 
in  America,  on  constructing  boats  to  work  against  streams; 
their  first  working  models  were  propelled  by  rnazmal  labor, 
with  betting-poles  attached  to  machinery,  and  for  which 


THE  ANCI10R  LIXE  OF  STEAMERS. 


77 


Ramsey  petitioned  the  Legislature  of  Pennsylvania,  in 

1784,  for  the  exclusive  right  to  this  setting-pole  hoat.  In 

1785,  both  of  these  geutlemen  had  their  attention  directed 
to  the  use  of  steam  as  a  motive  power,  and,  in  that  year, 
Rumsey  received  from  the  Legislatures  of  Virginia  and 
Maryland  the  exclusive  right  to  run  steamboats  on  the  wa- 
ters of  those  States,  while,  next  year,  the  States  of  Pennsyl- 
vania and  New  York  granted  the  same  exclusive  right  to 
Fitch.  To  reap  the  benefit  of  these  exclusive  rights,  Rum- 
sey began  building  his  steamhoat  in  May,  1785,  tried  her  in 
December,  and  a  defect  in  the  machinery  was  discovered. 
In  the  spring  of  1786  he  made  a  successful  experiment,  at 
Shepherdstown,  with  a  boat  of  nine  tons,  working  against 
the  current  of  the  Potomac  at  the  rate  of  four  or  five  miles 
an  hour.  Fitch,  in  1786,  constructed  his  working  model, 
and  in  1787  built  a  boat  of  sixty  tens,  called  the  "Perse- 
verance," making  the  trip  from  Philadelphia  to  Burlington, 
and  averaging  six  miles  an  hour.  In  1790,  he  placed 
another  and  a  larger  boat  on  the  Delaware,  which  ran 
throughout  the  season,  making  regular  trips,  at  an  average 
of  seven  and  a  half  miles  an  hour. 

As  an  incident  of  historical  interest,  the  following  copy 
of  the  first  steamboat  advertisement,  taken  from  the  Fed- 
eral Gazette  &  Philadelphia  Daily  Advertiser,  is  here  in- 
serted : 

"  THE 

STEAMBOAT 

Sets  out  to-morrow  morning  at  ten  o'clock,  from  Arch  Street  ferry,  in 
order  to  take  passengers  for  Burlington,  Bristol,  Bordentown,  and 
Trenton,  and  retnrn  next  day. 

■  Philadelphia,  July  26, 1790.' 

Six  years  afterward,  Fitch  moved  a  small  boat  on  the 
Collect  Pond,  New  York  City,  by  a  small  engine  and  a 
worm-screw  projecting  from  the  stern  of  the  boat ;  but 
neither  of  these  experiments  led  to  the  general  inti'oduction 
of  steam-propulsion. 

In  1788,  the  next  important  experiment  was  that  of  Mil- 
ler and  Taylor,  in  Scotland,  on  board  a  double  boat,  with 
a  paddle-wheel  in  the  interspace — was  a  perfect  success, 
and  led  to  the  most  decided  step  in  the  discovery  of  steam- 
navigation  previous  to  the  final  success  of  Fulton.  Next 
year,  Miller  had  larger  engines  fitted  into  a  vessel,  and 
tried  on  the  Forth  and  Clyde  Canal,  when  the  vessel  moved 
at  seven  miles  an  hour. 

In  1801,  Symington  took  out  a  patent  for  the  construc- 
tion of  steamboats,  and,  in  1803,  built  the  'i  Charlotte 
Dundas,"  to  tow  vessels  on  the  Forth  and  Clyde  Canal. 
The  success  was  complete,  but  the  agitation  of  the  water  by 
the  paddles  was  found  to  wash  down  the  banks  in  an  alarm- 
ing manner.  The  use  of  the  vessel  was  therefore  aban- 
doned. 


In  the  mean  time,  attempts  had  been  making  at  steam- 
navigation,  in  America,  by  Stevens,  Livingston,  and  others. 
Robert  Fulton,  American,  son  of  a  Scotchman,  and  friend 
of  Fitch  and  Rumsey,  had  thought  of  steam  as  a  motive 
power  for  vessels  as  early  as  1793,  and  had  his  first  working 
model  put  in  operation  at  Plombieres,  in  France,  in  1803. 
Travelling  through  Scotland,  he  visited  the  unfortunate 
"  Charlotte  Dundas,"  and  obtained  drawings  of  her  ma- 
chinery. Returning  to  America,  with  one  of  Boulton  and 
Watt's  engines  of  eighteen  horse-power,  he,  in  conjunction 
with  Livingston,  built  a  vessel  called  the  "  Clermont,"  at 
New  York,  in  1807,  and  made  the  first  really  successful 
voyage  by  steam  from  New  York  to  Albany. 

The  perfection  of  steam-navigation  belongs  to  no  one 
man,  or  even  generation;  it  is  an  honor  in  which  a  great 
number  of  men  have,  or  ought  to  have,  a  share.  Still,  we 
must  indisputably  accord  to  Fulton  the  honor  of  having 
first  proved  the  practical  utility  of  steam-navigation. 

Five  years  later  (1812)  Henry  Bell,  of  Glasgow,  who 
had  witnessed  the  experiments  on  the  canal,  in  1789,  and 
had  accompanied  Fulton  on  his  visit  to  the  "  Charlotte 
Dundas,"  started  a  steamboat,  the  "  Comet,"  on  the  Clyde, 
and  was  thus  the  father  of  steam-navigation  in  Britain. 
The  success  of  the  "Comet"  was  the  means  of  making 
the  Clyde  to  Glasgow  what  the  Nile  is  to  Egypt — a  source 
of  wealth  and  prosperity  almost  unexampled. 

As  an  incident  of  historical  interest,  we  have  inserted 
an  illustration  of  the  "  Clermont,"  as  she  appeared  steam- 
ing up  the  Hudson,  on  the  17th  of  August,  1807,  with  Ful- 
ton, a  few  friends,  and  six  passengers,  having  left  on  the 
shore  an  incredulous  and  jeering  crowd  of  people.  Her 
dimensions  were  :  Length,  130  feet ;  width,  18  feet ;  depth, 
7  feet ;  burden,  160  tons.  She  was  provided  with  an  en- 
gine from  Boulton  &  Watt's  foundery,  with  a  cylinder  2 
feet  in  diameter  and  4  feet  stroke ;  boiler,  20  feet  long, 
7  feet  deep,  and  8  feet  broad.  The  diameter  of  the  paddle- 
wheels  was  15  feet ;  boards,  4  feet  long,  and  dipping  2  feet 
in  the  water. 

The  American  Citizen,  of  August  17,  1S07,  says: 

"  Mr.  Fulton's  ingenious  steamboat,  invented  with  a  view  to  the  navi- 
gation of  the  Mississippi,  from  New  Orleans  upward,  sails  to-day  from 
the  North  River,  near  State's  Prison,  to  Albany.  The  velocity  of  the 
steamboat  is  calculated  at  four  miles  an  hour.  It  is  said  that  it  will 
make  a  progress  of  two  against  the  current  of  the  Mississippi,  and,  if 
so,  it  will  certainly  be  a  very  valuable  acquisition  to  the  commerce  of 
the  Western  States." 

On  the  return  of  the  "  Clermont "  to  New  York,  Mr. 
Fulton  addressed  the  following  letter  : 

"New  York,  Avgv*t21,  1S07. 

"  To  the  Editor  of  the  American  Citizen. 

"  Sir  :  I  arrived  this  afternoon,  at  four  o'clock,  in  the  steamboat  from 
Albany.    As  the  success  of  my  experiment  gives  me  great  hope  that 


78 


Til E  ANCHOR  LINE  OF  STEAMERS. 


such  boats  may  be  rendered  of  much  importance  to  my  country,  to  pre- 
vent erroneous  opinions,  and  give  satisfaction  to  the  friends  of  these 
useful  improvements,  you  will  have  the  goodness  to  publish  the  follow- 
ing facts : 

"  I  left  New  York  on  Monday,  at  1  o'clock,  and  arrived  in  Clermont, 
the  seat  of  Chancellor  Livingston,  at  1  o'clock  on  Tuesday ;  time,  24 
hours;  distance,  110  miles;  on  Wednesday  I  departed  from  the  Chan- 
cellor's at  8  o'clock  in  the  morning,  and  arrived  at  Albany  at  5  in  the 
afternoon;  distance,  40  miles;  time,  8  hours!  The  sum  of  this  is  150 
miles  in  32  hours,  equal  near  5  miles  an  hour. 

"  On  Thursday,  at  9  o'clock  in  the  morning,  I  left  Albany,  and  ar- 
rived at  the  Chancellor's  at  6  in  the  evening.  I  started  from  thence  at 
7,  and  arrived  in  New  York  on  Friday,  at  4  in  the  afternoon ;  time,  30 
hours;  spacs  run  through,  150  miles,  equal  to  5  miles  an  hour. 
Throughout  the  whole  way,  going  and  returning,  the  wind  was  ahead ; 
no  advantage  could  be  drawn  from  my  sails.  The  whole  has  therefore 
bcL-n  performed  by  the  power  of  the  steam-engine. 

"  I  am,  sir,  your  most  obedient, 

"Robert  Fulton." 

In  the  year  1809  the  first  steamboat  was  launched  on 
the  St.  Lawrence.  The  Quebec  Mercury,  in  a  transport  of 
joy  and  excitement,  thus  heralds  her  arrival : 

"On  Saturday  morning,  at  eight  o'clock,  arrived  here,  from  Mon- 
treal, being  her  first  trip,  the  steamboat  'Accommodation,'  with  ten 
passengers.  This  is  the  first  vessel  of  the  kind  that  ever  appeared  in 
this  harbor.  She  is  continually  crowded  with  visitants.  She  left  Mon- 
treal on  Wednesday,  at  two  o'clock,  so  that  her  passage  was  sixty-six 
hours,  thirty  of  which  she  was  at  anchor.  She  arrived  at  Three  Rivers 
in  twenty-four  hours.  She  has  at  present  berths  for  twenty  passen- 
gers, which  next  year  will  be  considerably  augmented.    No  wind  or 


tide  can  stop  her.  She  has  75  feet  keel,  and  85  feet  on  deck.  The 
price  for  a  passage  up  is  nine  dollars,  and  eight  down— the  vessel  sup- 
plying provisions.  The  great  advantage  attending  a  vessel  so  con- 
structed is,  that  a  passage  may  be  calculated  on  to  a  degree  of  cer- 
tainty, in  point  of  time,  which  cannot  be  the  case  with  any  vessel 
propelled  by  sail  only.  The  steamboat  receives  her  impulse  from  an 
open,  double-spoked,  perpendicular  wheel,  on  each  side,  without  any 
circular  band  or  rim.  To  the  end  of  each  double  spoke  is  fixed  a 
square  board,  which  enters  the  water,  and,  by  the  rotary  motion  of 
the  wheel,  acts  like  a  paddle.  The  wheels  aro  put  and  kept  in  motion 
by  steam,  operating  within  the  vessel.  A  mast  is  to  be  fixed  in  her, 
for  the  purpose  of  using  a  sail  when  the  wind  is  favorable,  which  will 
occasionally  accelerate  her  headway." 

In  the  spring  of  1813  the  second  steamboat  was  launched 
on  the  St.  Lawrence,  was  130  feet  keel,  24  feet  breadth 
of  beam,  and  140  feet  in  length  upon  deck,  and  made  the 
time  from  Montreal  to  Quebec  in  22£  hours,  "  notwithstand- 
ing that  the  wind  was  easterly  the  whole  time  and  blowing 
strong."  So  surely  swift  was  the  "  Swiftsure,"  that  she  beat 
the  "Accommodation"  14  hours  in  a  36-hour  race.  How 
quaintly  does  the  following  advertisement,  copied  from  a 
Canadian  paper  in  1822,  now  read  ! 

"THE  RICHMOND  PACKET, 
Edward  Oates,  Master, 
Will  regularly  leave  York  for  Niagara, 
Every  Monday,  Wednesday,  and  Friday, 
Returning  on  the  alternate  days,  either  in  the  morning  or  the  evening, 
as  the  wind  and  passengers  may  suit." 


THE  ANCHOR  LINE  OF  STEAMERS. 


70 


The  colonists  of  those  days  were  a  much  more  easy- 
going; set  of  folks  than  the  busv  bustling  men  of  business  in 
these  times  of  steam  and  telegraphs. 

In  1786,  the  "Father  of  European  Steam  Navigation" 
had  his  mind  strongly  impressed  with  the  idea  of  propelling- 
boats  with  paddles  driven  by  steam-power;  a  few  years  later 
having  become  acquainted  with  a  gentleman  who  had  a 
pleasure-boat,  he  granted  Bell  permission  to  place  a  boiler 
with  machines  for  the  paddles  on  board.  In  1800,  Bell 
showed  the  British  Government  "the  practicability  and 
great  utility  of  applying  steam  to  the  propelling  of  vessels 
against  winds  and  tides,  and  every  obstruction  on  rivers  and 
seas,  where  there  was  depth  of  water,"  but  the  Lords  of  the 
Admiralty  were  of  opinion  that  the  plan  prcposed  would  be 
of  no  value  in  promoting  transmarine  navigation  !  In  1803, 
a  second  application  resulted  in  no  better  support.  Bell 
-then  wrote  to  the  American  Government  on  the  great  im- 
portance of  steam-navigation,  and  its  admirable  adaptation 
to  those  noble  rivers,  and  they  appointed  Fulton  to  corre- 
spond with  him.  In  1801,  Fulton  was  employed  by  his 
Government  to  proceed  to  England,  and  take  drawings  of 
cotton  and  other  machinery.  Bell  gave  him  plans,  drawings, 
and  models  of  his  intended  steamboats,  advised  him  to  take, 
on  his  return,  one  of  Boulton  &  Watt's  engines,  which  sug- 
gestion he  acted  on,  and  in  1807  that  same  engine  illustrated 
the  folly  of  our  grandfathers'  proverb,  "No  man  can  sail 
against  wind  and  tide." 

The  success  of  Fulton  infused  fresh  life  into  Bell,  and 
he  employed  an  eminent  ship-builder  to  build  for  him  a 
boat  of  25  tons  burden,  and  having  himself  made  an  engine 
of  3  horse-power  to  which  he  applied  the  paddles.  After 
several  experiments,  this  "  fire-driven  barque  "  was  placed 
on  the  station  between  Glasgow,  Greenock,  and  Helens- 
burgh, making  five  miles  an  hour. 

The  following  copy  of  an  advertisement  appeared  in  the 
Glasgow  papers : 

"THE  STEAMBOAT  '  COMET,' 
Between  Glasgow,  Greenock,  and  Helensburgh. 
For  Passengers  only. 

11  The  subscriber  having,  at  much  expense,  fitted  up  a  handsome 
vessel  to  ply  upon  the  river  Clyde,  from  Glasgow,  to  sail  by  the  power 
of  air,  wind,  and  steam,  he  intends  that  the  vessel  shall  leave  the 
Broomielaw  on  Tuesdays,  Thursdays,  and  Saturdays,  about  mid-day,  or 
such  hour  thereafter  as  may  answer  from  the  state  of  the  tide;  and  to 
leave  Greenock  on  Mondays,  Wednesdays,  and  Fridays,  io  the  morning, 
to  suit  the  tide. 

"The  elegance,  safety,  comfort,  and  speed  of  this  vessel  require  only 
to  be  seen  to  meet  the  approbation  of  the  public ;  and  the  proprietor  is 
determined  to  do  every  thing  in  his  power  to  merit  general  support. 

The  terms  are  for  the  present  fixed  at  4s.  for  the  best  cabin,  and  3s. 
for  the  second;  but  beyond  these  rates  nothing  is  to  be  allowed  to 
servants,  or  any  person  employed  about  the  vessel. 

'•  Passengers  by  the  '  Comet '  will  receive  information  of  the  hours 
11 


of  sailing,  by  applying  at  Mr.  Houston's  office,  Broomielaw;  or  Mr. 
Thomas  Blackney's,  East  Quay  Head,  Greeuock. 

"Hen'i:y  Bell. 

"  nELESSBCEGH  Baths,  August  5, 1812.  " 

The  expressiveness  of  "elegance,  safety,  comfort,  and 
speed,"  as  applied  by  Henry  Bell  to  his  little  "  Comet,"  has 
not  been  improved  upon  but  has  remained  the  favorite 
wording  in  all  Star  Zincs  advertising.  Little  did  Bell  im- 
agine, when  developing  this  new  and  mighty  power,  that  he 
was  giving  to  the  fickleness  of  winds  and  the  faithlessness 
of  waves  the  certainty  and  steadiness  of  a  highway  upon 
the  land,  and  to  all  nations  keys  to  unlock  every  other  king- 
dom on  earth,  to  take  our  produce  to  every  nation,  and  to 
bring  in  return  the  products  of  all  climes. 

As  a  contrast,  and  to  illustrate  the  progress  made  during 
the  past  sixty  years,  in  building  river-steamboats,  we  insert 
a  sketch  of  the  "  Drew,"  built  at  New  York,  in  1866,  to  ply 
between  New  York  and  Albany,  alternately  with  her  con- 
sort the  "  St.  John,"  and  which  is  one  of  the  most  beautiful 
in  appointments  and  decorations  of  any  boat  on  the  North 
Biver. 

This  floating  palace  is  a  trifle  smaller  than  the  "  St. 
John,"  and  cost,  delivered  at  the  dock  ready  for  service,  a 
little  over  $800,000 ;  is  366  feet  5  inches  in  length,  77  feet 
5  inches  in  breadth,  10  feet  9  inches  depth  of  hold,  draught 
when  loaded,  5  feet  6  inches,  and  registers  2,902  tons ;  has 
350  state-rooms,  and  can  accommodate  1,000  sleeping  pas- 
sengers. 

The  New  York  press,  in  describing  this  steamer,  said 
that,  in  point  of  workmanship  and  finish,  she  outrivalled  all 
the  other  Hudson  River  steamers,  and  was  so  arranged  that 
the  most  perfect  ventilation  was  secured,  as  great  pains  had 
been  taken  to  make  the  rooms  large  and  airy. 

MAIN  DECK  AND  LADIES'  SALOON. 

Entering  the  boat  at  the  after-gangway  and  passing  aft, 
the  ladies'  saloon  is  entered.  The  fittings-up  of  the  saloon 
are  rosewood  and  black-walnut ;  a  row  of  fluted  columns 
stand  off  from  the  berths,  upon  which  are  drawn  fine  dam- 
ask curtains.  The  berth-curtains  are  of  lace.  The  ceiling, 
though  highly  ornamented,  is  not  by  any  means  gaudy,  and 
the  pale-green  stripe  forms  a  pleasing  contrast  to  the  eye. 
A  passage  leads  from  the  saloon  to  the  lower  one,  which 
we  will  describe  as  we  pass  from  point  to  point. 

GEAND  SALOON. 

Passing  out  of  the  ladies'  saloon  upon  the  main  deck, 
which  is  very  large  and  roomy,  you  ascend  a  broad  stair- 
case of  mahogany  relieved  with  rosewood,  the  foot-boards 
being  covered  with  a  gold-colored  composition.  The  grand 
saloon  with  its  corridors  contains  150  very  fine  state-rooms. 
Those  from  the  stern  to  the  forward  part  of  the  engine-hatch 


80 


THE  A  Xi'IloR  LINE  OE  STEAMERS. 


are  so  arranged  that  two  can  be  thrown  into  one  ;  these 
contain  French  bedsteads.  The  remainder  of  the  rooms  are 
single,  and  contain  berths.  There  are  two  bridal  state-rooms 
on  each  side,  near  the  entrance  of  the  saloon  to  the  main 
deck ;  these,  when  complete  with  their  paintings  and  fit- 
tings, will  be  unequalled  in  the  splendor  and  beauty  of  their 
appointments. 

The  rooms  are  lighted  with  two  gas-jets  ;  in  fact,  the 
whole  boat  is  lighted  with  gas.  At  convenient  intervals  are 
situated  the  card  and  smoking  rooms,  which  are  fitted  up 
tastefully  and  comfortably.  The  state-rooms,  as  well  as  all 
the  rooms  in  the  cabin,  are  decorated  with  black-walnut. 
The  corridor-rooms  are  not  quite  so  large  as  the  lower  saloon- 
rooms  are,  but  their  elevation  gives  them  more  advantages 
than  can  be  enumerated.  The  pilot-house  is  perched  high 
aloft,  and  contains  two  enormous  wheals,  which  are  over 
eleven  feet  in  diameter.  The  view  from  there  is  command- 
ing in  every  quarter.  Leaving  the  pilot-house,  we  pass 
down  to  the  engine-room,  where  we  find  a  cylinder  70 
inches  in  diameter,  and  which  works  a  piston  with  14  feet 
stroke.  The  wheels  are  40  feet  in  diameter.  The  wheel- 
houses  are  painted  and  moulded  in  perspective,  and  present 
a  pleasing  and  novel  view. 

THE  CABIN, 

unlike  most  steamboats,  has  only  18  open  berths,  the  space 
being  occupied,  instead,  by  neatly  fitted-up  rooms,  so  that 


the  lower  cabin  contains  75  state-rooms,  each  having  three 
berths.  The  plan  is  a  good  one,  and  will  be  duly  appreci- 
ated by  the  travelling  public,  as  everybody  can  have  a 
state-room. 

The  same  rich  style  pervades  this  part  of  the  boat,  and 
many  improvements  have  been  made  in  locating  the  various 
departments  of  the  steward's  branch. 

The  pantry  is  a  model  of  convenience  and  well- planned 
arrangement.  Immediately  adjoining  it  is  the  kitchen, 
where  are  facilities  for  preparing  the  choicest  dishes,  in  a 
quantity  sufficient  to  meet  the  demands  of  the  public,  even 
if  the  boat  is  crowded.  From  the  kitchen  there  is  a  stair- 
way leading  up  to  the  ice-house. 

The  forward  saloon  is  large  and  airy,  and  neatly  fitted 
up.  At  the  extreme  fore-part  of  this  saloon  are  two  large 
rooms  for  the  use  of  the  waiters. 

All  the  saloons  are  lighted  with  gas,  which  is  taken  from 
the  city  gas-pipes  and  confined  in  two  large  tanks  which 
are  placed  at  the  top  of  the  hurricane-deck.  Two  large 
meters  are  located  on  the  main-deck,  and  register  the  gas  in 
each  tank  as  it  comes  aboard. 

THE  MAIN-DECK 

is  spacious,  and,  besides  large  freight  accommodations,  she 
has  ample  room  for  the  immigrants  who  are  assigned  quarters 
in  the  extreme  fore-part  of  the  boat.  On  the  starboard  side 
is  located  the  donkey-engine  room,  where  there  is  a  power- 


THE  ANCHOR  LINE  OF  STEAMERS. 


81 


ful  independent  engine,  whose  duty  it  is  to  furnish  power 
for  the  force-pumps  in  the  case  of  fire.  The  "  Drew  "  will 
be  well  provided  for  in  this  respect  in  the  engineer's  depart- 
ment. The  addition  of  boats,  life-preservers,  and  other  pre- 
cautions, will  render  her  a  safe  boat,  one  on  which  any  one 
may  feel  a  sense  of  security.  The  barber-shop  is  near  the 
engine-room,  the  mate  occupying  a  room  near  the  dividing- 
line  between  the  first-class  and  immigrant  passengers. 


On  the  port-side  are  located  the  room  of  the  baggage- 
master,  mess-room  for  the  crew,  store-room,  and  ice-liouse. 
The  latter  is  large,  and  on  a  new  principle.  The  bar-room 
is  a  large  room,  very  tastefully  arranged,  the  floors  being 
of  alternate  planks  of  oak  and  black-walnut.  The  whole 
arrangement  of  the  boat,  her  fittings,  etc.,  are  in  keeping 
with  the  age  of  progress.  From  keel  to  top  of  smoke-stack 
the  "  Drew  "  is  a  model  boat. 


9 


HISTORY  OF  THE  FIRST  OCEAN-STEAMER. 


"  Build  me  swift,  0  worthy  master, 
Stanch  and  strong,  a  goodly  vessel, 
That  shall  laugh  at  all  disaster, 

And  with  wave  and  whirlwind  wrestle." 

Lonokellow. 


It  is  but  a  little  over  half  a  century  since  the  first  steam- 
ship crossed  the  ocean,  and  to  certain  of  the  citizens  of 
Savannah,  Georgia,  the  world  is  indebted  for  her  construc- 
tion. She  was  built  in  New  York,  and  finished  in  Febru- 
ary, 1819,  was  3)0  tons  burden,  clipper  built,  full  rigged, 
and  propelled  by  one  inclined,  direct-acting,  low-pressure 
engine,  similar  to  those  now  in  use.  The  size  of  her  cylin- 
der was  40  in.  in  diameter,  with  0  ft.  stroke,  and  carried 
20  lbs.  steam.  The  paddles  were  of  wrought-iron,  with 
only  one  flange,  and  entirely  uncovered.  They  were  so  at- 
tached to  the  shaft  that  their  removal  and  shipment  on  deck 
could  be  accomplished  in  from  15  to  20  minutes,  without 
occasioning  the  slightest  inconvenience.  She  had  two  su- 
perb and  elegant  cabins  for  passengers — ladies'  and  gentle- 
men's— the  two  being  separated,  and  both  handsomely  fur- 
nished. All  her  berths,  32  in  number,  were  state-rooms, 
and  provided  with  every  comfort.  Her  speed  without  sails 
is  set  down  at  5  knots,  though  vessels  that  passed  her  under 
steam  and  sail,  in  her  voyage  across  the  Atlantic,  reported 
her  movements  at  from  9  to  10  knots.  ' 


The  "  Savannah  "  left  New  York  for  Savannah  on  28th 
March,  1819,  and  arrived  in  that  port  on  6th  April.  Her 
arrival  we  And  thus  chronicled  in  the  RepvhU can  of  the  7th 
April,  1819  : 

"The  steamship  '  Savannah  '  arrived  at  our  port  last  evening,  after 
a  boisterous  passage  of  seven  days  from  New  York.  On  her  approach 
to  the  city,  hundreds  of  citizens  flocked  to  the  banks  of  the  river,  and 
while  she  ascended  saluted  her  with  long  and  loud  huzzas!  The  utmost 
confidence  is  placed  in  her  security.  It  redounds  much  to  the  honor  of 
Savannah  when  it  is  said  that  it  was  owing  to  the  enterprise  of  some 
of  her  spirited  citizens  that  the  first  attempt  was  made  to  cross  the 
Atlantic  Ocean  in  a  vessel  propelled  by  steam.  We  sincerely  hope  the 
owners  may  reap  a  rich  reward  for  their  splendid  and  laudable  under- 
taking." 

The"  Savannah"  left  that  port  for  an  excursion-trip  to 
Charleston  on  the  14th  of  April,  and  returned  on  the  30th 
of  the  same  month.  The  Republican  of  the  4th  May  has 
the  following  announcement : 

"  PASSAGE  TO  NEW  YORK. 

"  The  steamship  'Savannah,'  Captain  Rogers,  will  make  one  trip 
to  New  York,  previous  to  her  departure  for  Liverpool,  should  a  sufl  - 
cieut  number  of  passengers  offer,  and  will  be  ready  to  proceed  in  th" 


THE  ANCHOR  LINE  OF  STEAMERS. 


course  of  this  week  or  commencement  of  the  next.  Apply  on  hoard, 
at  Taylor's  Wharf,  or  to  Scaebkough  &  McKinne.". 

But  few  or  no  passengers  offering,  she,  on  the  11th 
May,  took  an  excursion  party  dow  n  to  Tybee  and  the  forts, 
returning  to  the  city  late  in  the  afternoon.    In  the  Repub- 
lican of  May  19th,  we  find  the  following  advertisement  : 
"  FOR  LIVERPOOL. 

"The  steamship  'Savannah,'  Captain  Rogers,  will,  without  fail, 
proceed  for  Liverpool  direct,  to-morrow,  20th  inst.  Passengers,  if  any 
offer,  can  be  well  accommodated.    Apply  on  board." 

No  passengers,  however,  offered  ;  and,  according  to  prom- 
ise, the  steamer  weighed  anchor  on  20th  May,  and  set  out 
on  her  voyage  for  Liverpool  direct,  an  experiment  hitherto 
untried  in  the  history  of  the  world.  On  June  20th,  after  a 
voyage  of  31  days,  the  "  Savannah"'  came  to  anchor  in  the 
port  of  Liverpool.  During  her  passage  she  worked  her  en- 
gine 18  days — it  being  found  necessary,  on  so  long  a  voyage, 
to  economize  fuel.  She  used  pitch-pine ;  the  use  of  coal  in 
American  steamers  not  having  been  introduced  at  that  day. 
On  nearing  Liverpool,  the  more  effectually  to  astonish  the 
Britishers,  the  wheels  were  restored  to  the  shafts,  all  sails 
set,  and  she  went  into  the  Mersey  amid  the  wildest  astonish- 
ment of  all  beholders. 

After  remaining  at  Liverpool  a  month,  she  sailed  for  St. 
Petersburg,  her  original  destination,  where  Captain  Rogers 
and  his  strange  craft  were  received  with  every  demonstra- 
tion of  respect  and  admiration.  She  remained  at  St.  Peters- 
burg for  several  weeks,  then,  turning  her  course  westward, 
the  bold  little  ship  arrived  in  Savannah  as  she  left  it — in 
ballast — November  30th,  after  a  voyage  of  50  days  from  St. 
Petersburg,  all  well,  and,  to  use  Captain  Rogers's  own 
language,  "  neither  a  screw,  bolt,  nor  rope-yarn  parted,"  al- 
though she  experienced  very  rough  weather. 


83 

In  the  month  of  December,  the  steamer  visited  Wash- 
ington City,  where  she  astonished  the  "collective  wisdom," 
and  thence  went  to  New  York. 

Soon  after  her  return  to  New  York,  the  "  Savannah " 
was  divested  of  her  steam  apparatus,  converted  into  a 
packet-ship  of  the  same  name,  and  ran  for  some  years  be- 
tween Savannah  and  New  York. 

Her  final  fate  was  a  sad  one.  In  one  of  her  trips  from 
Savannah  to  New  York  she  was  driven  ashore,  in  a  storm, 
on  Long  Island,  and  went  to  pieces. 

The  Canadians  claim  for  their  country  the  credit  and 
honor  of  the  first  ocean-transit  by  steam,  alleging  that  the 
"  Savannah "  could  hardly  be  called  a  steamship,  because 
her  paddle-wheels  could  be  removed  and  present  no  impedi- 
ment to  her  sailing  powers  ;  that  after  steaming  a  few  days 
her  paddle-wheels  were  unshipped,  and  taken  on  deck,  the 
remainder  of  the  distance  having  been  performed  under  can- 
vas ;  and  that  it  neither  demonstrated  the  utility,  nor  solved 
the  problem  of  ocean  steam-navigation,  but,  on  the  con- 
trary, if  any  thing  was  proved,  it  was  the  non  adaptation 
of  steam  for  oceanic  traversing,  as,  on  the  return  of  the 
"  Savannah,"  she  was  converted  into  a  sailing-ship,  and  the 
further  prosecution  of  placing  a  locomotive  pathway  on  the 
ocean  abandoned,  until  12  years  later,  in  1831,  the  steam- 
ship "  Royal  William  "  was  built  at  Three  Pi  vers,  in  the 
Province  of  Quebec,  was  160  feet  long,  44  feet  broad,  and 
17  feet  9  inches  depth  of  hold,  and  registered  363  tons — 
sailed  from  Quebec  August  5,  1833,  for  London,  put  into 
Pictou,  and  arrived  at  Gravesend  about  16th  September,  in 
25  days  from  latter  port.  She  was  afterward  sold  to  and 
employed  by  the  Spanish  or  Portuguese  Government  as  a 
ship-of-war. 


CONDENSED  HISTORY  OF  ATLANTIC  STEAM  NAVIGATION. 


"  Whosoever  commands  the  sea,  commands  the  trade  of  the  world 
the  world  and  consequently  the  world  itself." — Sir  Walter  Raleigh. 

Young  persons  who  are  accustomed  to  see  the  fleets  of 
ocean-steamers  which  go  in  and  out  of  our  harbors,  and  to 
read  of  the  numbers  which  are  constantly  passing  from  the 
various  ports  of  one  continent  to  those  of  the  other,  can 
scarcely  believe  that  thirty-five  years  ago  the  crossing  of  the 
ocean,  by  steam  alone,  was  considered  utterly  impracticable, 
and  that  it  is  only  thirty-four  years  since  the  first  steamship 
from  Europe  entered  our  waters.  The  rush  of  events  is  so 
incessant  and  impetuous  that  the  great  changes  which  are 
taking  place  in  commerce  soon  pass  out  of  mind,  and  the 
history  of  ten  or  twenty  years  ago,  when  minutely  recalled, 
has  something  of  the  romance  of  the  history  of  another  age. 
To  many,  and  indeed  to  all,  an  account  of  the  first  success- 
ful experiments  in  crossing  the  ocean  by  steam  for  commer- 
cial purposes  will  be  interesting,  and  suggestive  of  other 
achievements  that  are  to  come. 

In  the  year  1815  a  steamboat  made  a  passage  from  Glas- 
gow to  London,  and  in  1818  one  plied  between  New  York 
and  New  Orleans,  but  the  first  application  of  steam-power 
to  the  purposes  of  oceanic  locomotion  was  in  1818-'19,  when 
several  citizens  of  Savannah  had  constructed  in  New  York 


whosoever  commands  the  trade  of  the  world,  commands  the  riches  of 

a  steamer  of  300  tons  burden,  and  which  vessel  left  Savan- 
nah on  May  20th,  arriving  in  Liverpool  June  20th,  after  18 
days'  steaming,  and  13  days'  sailing. 

Novelty  and  adventurous  daring,  more  than  any  thing 
else,  have  rendered  celebrated  this  first  experiment  in  ocean 
steam-navigation.  As  a  useful  or  profitable  speculation,  it 
was  a  complete  failure ;  nor  can  it  be  even  said  that  the  re- 
sult of  the  attempt  was  at  all  indicative  of  eventual  success. 
It  was  a  simple  incident,  and  led  to  no  practical  results. 

The  carriage  of  a  cargo,  insuring  remunerative  freights, 
was  impossible  in  the  case  of  a  vessel  which  could  scarcely 
contain  within  herself  the  supplies  requisite  for  a  single 
voyage  :  so  incredulous  of  the  powers  of  man's  ingenuity 
and  perseverance  were  even  well-informed  minds,  that,  for 
years  after  the  date  of  the  experiment  we  have  mentioned, 
many  eminently  scientific  men  declared  impossible  the  re- 
moval of  this  fatal  objection  to  ocean  steam-navigation. 
But,  like  many  other  prophecies  which  have  been  made 
regarding  the  limits  of  human  performance,  the  one  now 
referred  to  proved  totally  incorrect.  The  difficulties  con- 
nected with  this  arduous  undertaking,  which,  in  1819,  and 


THE  ANCHOR  LINE  OF  STEAMERS. 


85 


for  years  afterward,  appeared  so  immense,  and  wellnigh  in- 
surmountable, were  at  length  fairly  and  forever  removed  by 
the  successful  Transatlantic  experiments  of  1S38. 

It  was  so  late  as  1S36  that  the  crossing  of  the  Atlantic 
Ocean,  by  steam-power  alone,  began  to  be  seriously  dis- 
cussed. Those  who  looked  at  the  subject  from  the  scien- 
tific point  of  view,  and  discussed  it  philosophically,  tery 
generally  gave  a  verdict  against  it ;  and  even  practical  men, 
who  had  been  engaged  in  the  navigation  of  the  Mediterra- 
nean, and  other  short  voyages,  were  almost  unanimous  in 
asserting  that  it  could  not  be  done,  or,  at  least,  that  it 
could  not  be  made  commercially  advantageous.  The  nicest 
calculations,  based  on  established  principles  and  facts,  were 
made  to  demonstrate  the  impracticability  of  the  proposi- 
tion. 

The  following  is  a  specimen  of  the  reasoning,  founded 
upon  the  use  of  steam  in  the  government  service  of  Great 
Britain  :  "  To  accomplish  a  voyage  of  the  same  length  as 
that  across  the  Atlantic,  two  tons  of  coal  will  be  used  for 
each  horse-power  of  the  engines ;  that  is  to  say,  if  the  en- 
gines are  of  300  horse-power,  they  will  consume  600  tons  of 
fuel  before  they  reach  the  terminus  of  a  3,000-mile  voyage. 
But  a  spare  supply  must  also  be  carried,  to  provide  against 
accident  or  delay ;  so  that  the  quantity  must  be  raised  to 
700  tons.  On  the  other  hand,  if  the  tonnage  ot  the  vessel 
be  more  than  four  times  its  horse-power,  the  latter  will  be 
inadequate  to  its  propulsion  at  the  ordinai'v  rate  of  steam- 
ships. The  tonnage  of  the  vessel,  therefore,  could  not  ex- 
ceed 1,200,  and,  after  making  allowance  for  cabins,  machin- 
ery, boilers,  ship's  stores,  etc.,  the  space  left  for  fuel  would 
not  contain  more  than  500  tons,  which  would  all  be  con- 
sumed before  the  vessel  arrived  within  500  miles  of  the  At- 
lantic coast." 

Probably  nothing  did  more  to  settle  the  question  of  the 
impracticability  of  ocean  steam-navigation,  in  the  minds  of 
scientific  men,  than  the  essay  of  a  celebrated  natural  phi- 
losopher, who  had  made  the  steam-engine  one  of  his  studies 
for  life,  who  proved  to  a  demonstration  that,  in  order  suc- 
cessfully to  cross  the  Atlantic,  a  steamer  must  either  have  a 
tender,  with  a  fresh  supply  of  coal,  or  have  a  depot  some- 
where in  mid-ocean.  But  his  essay  did  not  convince  prac- 
tical men,  and  it  had  scarcely  been  received  and  read,  in 
this  country,  before  it  was  followed  by  the  pioneers  in  the 
mighty  fleet  of  steamers  which  have  ever  since  been  crowd- 
ing the  great  thoroughfare  of  the  nations.  While  the  phi- 
losophers were  proving  to  their  own  satisfaction  that  the 
Atlantic  could  not  be  crossed  by  steam,  some  practical  men 
were  engaged  in  constructing,  at  Bristol,  a  steamship — 
which,  for  that  day,  was  considered  quite  gigantic,  and,  on 
that  account,  was  to  be  called  the  "  Great  Western  " — 


which  should  set  at  rest  the  discussion  by  proving  whether 
the  thing  could  be  done  or  not.  She  was  finished  in  the 
spring  of  1838,  and  was  announced  to  sail  for  Xew  York  on 
the  8th  of  April.  She  had  a  deck  230  feet  long;  she  was 
nearly  60  feet  wide;  her  paddle-wheels  were  28  feet  in 
diameter,  and  her  paddles  10  feet  long.  The  horse-power 
of  her  engines  was  450  ;  the  weight  of  her  boilers  and  ma- 
chinery was  300  tons,  and  her  carrying  tonnage  1,340. 
This  was  regarded,  at  that  time,  as  an  immense  vessel,  al- 
though small  compared  with  numbers  of  steamships  con- 
structed since,  and  her  very  size  awakened  apprehensions 
in  regard  to  her  safety.  She  was  fitted  up  with  great  ele- 
gance, and  every  temptation  to  passengers  to  make  the  voy- 
age in  her  was  presented,  but  with  little  effect.  Only  sev- 
en were  booked  for  the  trial-trip.  In  the  mean  time,  a 
plucky  little  rival  had  been  preparing  for  a  contest  with  the 
a  Great  Western,"  for  the  honor  of  first  crossing  the  ocean. 
The  "  Sirius,"  a  small  steamship,  built  to  ply  between  Lon- 
don and  Cork,  actually  got  the  start,  and,  leaving  the  latter 
port,  was  three  days  at  sea  before  the  "  Great  Western  " 
sailed.  The  "  Sirius  "  left  Cork  on  the  5th  of  April,  1838, 
and  the  "  Great  Western  "  left  Bristol  on  the  8th.  Both 
ships  were  bound  for  Xew  York,  and  it  is  not  a  little  re- 
markable that  the  first  experiment  of  crossing  the  Atlantic, 
in  this  manner,  should  be  in  reality  a  trial  of  speed  between 
two  steamers.  Nor  has  there  been  a  much  more  hotly-con- 
tested, or  a  more  exciting  race,  on  the  ocean  since  that  time. 
The  "  Sirius  "  steamed  out  of  port  in  the  very  teeth  of  a 
strong  westerly  wind,  and  a  hard  time  she  had  of  it  during 
the  first  few  days  of  the  voyage.  The  elements  seemed  to 
have  conspired  to  oppose  her  progress.  First  it  blew  a 
strong  gale  from  the  west  that  raised  a  heavy  sea  ;  then  the 
wind  chopped  round,  until  it  had  completely  boxed  the  com- 
pass, and  tried  all  its  power  in  fresh  gales ;  and  then  it  blew 
as  strong  as  ever  from  the  west,  as  if  to  make  a  last  effort 
to  stop  the  course  of  the  gallant  little  ship.  But  all  was  of 
no  avail.  The  "  Sirius  "  held  on  her  way  right  valiantly, 
and,  getting  lightened  of  her  coal,  she  gained  speed,  until 
she  reached  218  miles  a  day,  and,  on  the  morning  of  the  23d 
of  April,  she  reached  our  harbor.  The  "  Great  Western  " 
was  on  a  stern-chase,  which  is  always  a  long  chase,  but, 
from  the  first  day  out  until  the  end  of  her  voyage,  she  per- 
formed nobly.  She  made  10  miles  an  hour  the  second  day, 
and  her  daily  average  speed,  during  the  entire  voyage,  was 
211  miles.  She  thus  gained  rapidly  upon  her  competitor, 
but  the  three  days'  start  decided  the  question,  and  th6 
"  Great  Western  "  entered  the  harbor  on  the  afternoon  ot 
the  same  day  as  the  "  Sirius,"  being  thus  only  a  few  hours 
behind.  The  time  occupied  by  these  two  vessels,  in  their 
voyages  out,  was  18|-  and  14£  days  respectively.  Although 


THE  ANCHOR  LINE  OF  STEAMERS. 


86 

the  duration  of  their  passages  was  thus  widely  different, 
both  vessels  consumed,  as  nearly  as  possible,  the  same  quan- 
tity of  fuel,  namely,  453  tons.  The  "  Sirius  "  had  exactly 
this  quantity  of  coal  on  board  when  she  left  Cork,  and 
would  have  entered  New  York  harbor  without  a  particle 
of  this  precious  commodity  remaining,  had  she  not  used, 
toward  the  end  of  her  journey,  as  an  equivalent  for  23  tons 
of  coal,  43  barrels  of  rosin.  The  first  fruitful  steam-voyage 
across  the  Atlantic  was  made  by  the  "  Sirius."  Like  its 
namesake  in  the  heavens,  the  "  Sirius  "  was,  upon  the  wa- 
ters, a  star  of  the  first  magnitude  ;  and,  at  this  distance  of 
time,  we  can  say  that  its  appearance  did  not  herald  the  ma- 
lign influences  popularly  ascribed  to  the  greater  dog-star, 
but  that  this  "Sirius"  upon  the  Atlantic  resembled  the 
summer  rising  of  Sirius  upon  the  Nile,  the  harbinger  of 
overflowing  prosperity  on  either  shore. 

Yery  many  will  remember  the  excitement  which  pre- 
vailed in  New  York  when  the  time  drew  nigh  for  the  arrival 
of  the  "  Great  Western,"  as  the  date  of  her  sailing  had  been 
previously  advertised.  There  was  much  incredulity  in  re- 
gard to  the  success  of  the  experiment ;  and  few,  perhaps, 
had  any  strong  confidence  that  she  would  ever  turn  up  on 
this  side  of  the  water.  But  every  day  crowds  were  on  the 
Battery  looking  out  for  the  first  signs  of  her  appearance, 
and  when,  on  the  morning  of  the  23d  of  April,  a  smoke  was 
descried  in  the  distance,  the  anxiety  to  know  whether  it  was 
the  steamer  was  quickened,  and  when  one  actually  appeared, 
and  began  to  loom  up  as  no  ordinary  craft  had  done  in  our 
waters  before,  the  excitement  became  intense.  The  report 
soon  spread  through  the  city,  the  crowd  increased,  and,  when 
the  "Sirius"  sailed  up  and  quietly  dropped  her  anchor  in 
the  North  River,  cheer  upon  cheer  rent  the  air.  The  same 
excitement  was  renewed  in  the  afternoon  upon  the  arrival 
of  the  "  Great  Western."  Streaming  with  flags,  and  crowd- 
ed with  people  who  had  gone  on  board,  the  "  Sirius"  lay 
waiting  the  arrival  of  her  competitor,  and,  as  the  "  Great 
Western  "  steamed  in,  three  hearty  cheers  were  given  by  all 
on  board,  and  a  salute  of  twenty-six  guns  was  fired  from 
the  Battery.  As  the  vessel  drew  up  to  the  dock,  says  the 
journal  of  one  of  the  seven  passengers,  "boats  crowded 
round  us  in  countless  confusion,  flags  were  flying,  guns  fir- 
ing, and  bells  ringing.  The  vast  multitude  sent  up  a  shout, 
a  long  enthusiastic  cheer,  echoed  from  point  to  point,  and 
from  boat  to  boat,  till  it  seemed  as  though  they  never  would 
have  done."  This  was  only  thirty-four  years  ago,  and  now 
steamships  are  crossing  the  ocean  in  such  numbers  that  it 
has  become  like  a  grand  ferry,  in  which  steamers  are  almost 
jostling  one  another,  and  a  broken  voyage  is  a  rare  occur- 
rence. The  result  of  this  experiment  in  ocean-navigation 
has  taught  us  this  important  lesson,  that  no  enterprise  must 


be  pronounced  impracticable  until  it  has  been  actually  and 
effectually  tried. 

The  year  1838  was,  therefore,  a  memorable  one  in  the 
history  of  steam-navigation,  and  at  that  time  no  mind  could 
have  conceived,  no  man  would  have  dared  to  utter  the  pre- 
diction that,  in  the  year  1872,  one  thousand  steamers  would 
leave  European  for  American  shores,  and  a  like  number  leave 
America  for  Europe.  Yet,  such  is  the  fact.  Not  only  on 
the  Atlantic,  but  on  every  sea  and  ocean,  the  steamer  is  rap- 
idly displacing  the  sailing-vessel.  The  splendid  frigate-ship, 
the  pride  of  the  old  East  India  Company,  and  the  beautiful 
American-China  clipper,  whose  performances  were  the  talk 
the  world  over,  have  nearly  all  disappeared  before  the  en- 
croaching steamer.  The  improvements  in  steaming  have 
fully  kept  up  with  its  expansion.  Efficiency  in  construc- 
tion has  been  so  much  improved,  and  the  consumption  of 
fuel  so  greatly  lessened  by  new  inventions  connected  with 
engines,  that  the  longest  routes  can  be  traversed  without 
stopping  for  coals,  while  passengers  can  be  insu-red  fresh 
provisions  for  the  whole  voyage.  The  substitution  of  the 
screw  for  the  paddle-wheel,  and  the  superseding  of  wood 
by  iron  in  the  construction  of  the  hulls,  have  materially 
aided  to  accomplish  this  result.  But,  as  "  we  are  bound  to 
maintain  that  the  art  of  invention  is  capable  of  growing, 
as  inventions  do,"  more  will  yet  be  accomplished.  The 
substitution  of  gaseous,  subtile,  or  liquid  fuel  for  coal, 
and  the  combination  of  more  economical  engines,  with  a 
lighter  material  for  the  hulls,  such  as  steel,  will,  in  a  short 
time,  entirely  re-revolutionize  the  ocean-carrying  trade  of 
the  world.  Notwithstanding  our  maritime  character,  and 
the  unequalled  facilities  we  possess  for  utilizing  these  im- 
provements in  ocean-navigation,  and  adding  to  them  by  the 
natural  ingenuity  of  our  people,  it  is  most  provoking  to 
think  that  all  should  be  rendered  nugatory  through  false 
legislation  having  left  us  no  "  portion  in  Israel." 

We  will  now  give  a  brief  account  of  each  of  the  early 
attempts  at  establishing  steam  communication  between 
Britain  and  America,  taking  each  company  in  its  chrono- 
logical order;  and,  first,  the 

BRITISH  AND  AMERICAN  STEAM  NAVIGATION  COMPANY. 

This  company's  chartered  steamer  "  Sirius "  was  the 
first  steamer  to  successfully  steam  across  the  Atlantic,  and 
was  chartered  that  this  company  might  have  the  honor  of 
"  being  the  first  in  the  field."  After  the  return  from  her 
memorable  voyage  to  New  York,  she  was  delivered  to  her 
owners,  replaced  on  the  trade  originally  intended,  and  in 
which  she  had  previously  been  employed,  and  afterward 
lost — the  station  between  London  and  Cork. 

About  the  middle  of  1838  there  was  laid  down,  on  the 


THE  ANCHOR  LINE  OF  STEAMERS. 


87 


banks  of  the  Thames,  the  keel  of  a  transatlantic  steamer, 
whose  gigantic  proportions  formed,  for  a  long  time  after  her 
construction,  a  theme  of  speculation  and  general  astonish- 
ment, even  greater  than  did  the  building  of  the  "  Great 
Eastern "  twenty  years  later.  The  hull  of  the  "  British 
Queen  " — for  it  is  to  her  we  now  refer — was  completed  in 
the  spring  of  1839,  when  she  was  brought  down  to  the 
Clyde,  where  her  machinery  was  constructed  by  the  late 
Robert  Napier,  whose  celebrity  as  a  marine  engineer  had 
been  already  established  by  the  successful  performances  of 
numerous  large  coasting-steamers,  and  whose  name  now 
stands  associated  with  the  most  splendid  triumphs  in  ocean- 
ic locomotion  which  the  skill  of  the  mechanician  has  ever 
yet  achieved.  From  figure-head  to  taffrail  the  "  British 
Queen  "  measured  275  feet — that  is,  35  feet  more  than  the 
"  Great  "Western,"  the  largest  Atlantic  steamer  then  exist- 
ing. Her  breadth  of  beam,  exclusive  of  paddle-boxes,  was 
30  feet,  and,  including  paddle-boxes,  61 ;  her  depth  of  hold, 
27  feet ;  and  her  engines  were  of  500  horse-power ;  her  bur- 
den 2,016  tons,  and  her  cost  three  hundred  thousand  dollars. 
The  "  British  Queen  "  started  on  her  first  trip  from  Ports- 
mouth on  the  12th  July,  1839,  with  a  full  complement  of 
passengers,  a  crew  of  100  men,  800  tons  of  goods,  and  600 
tons  of  coal.  There  was  said  to  have  been  afloat  in  her, 
when  leaving  the  harbor,  property  to  the  value  of  seven  and 
a  half  million  dollars.  She  reached  New  York  after  a  sood 
passage  of  14£  days.  Before  the  conclusion  of  the  year,  she 
made  five  more  voyages,  two  out  and  three  home.  The  for- 
mer were  performed  in  17  and  20|-  days  respectively  ;  the 
latter  in  13|,  13f,  and  22£  days. 

In  1810  she  made  five  voyages  to  and  five  voyages  from 
New  York,  yet,  from  want  of  patronage,  the  company  re- 
solved, in  1841,  to  sell  her,  which  they  did  to  the  Belgian 
Government. 

This  company  built  and  fitted  up  at  Blackwall  the  "  Pres- 
ident," a  steamer,  in  size  and  general  dimensions,  much  re- 
sembling her  consort,  the  "  British  Queen  " — had  two  fun- 
nels, and  sat  high  out  of  water.  She  made  but  three  voy- 
ages across  the  Atlantic.  Her  first  trip  out  to  America  was 
a  tedious  one.  On  her  return-passage,  which  commenced 
on  the  2d  November,  1840,  she  encountered  very  severe 
weather;  and  after  being  out  three  days,  during  which  time 
she  had  consumed  a  large  portion  of  her  coal,  and  made  but 
very  little  way,  she  was  obliged  to  return  to  New  York  to  ob- 
tain a  fresh  supply  of  fuel.  On  the  second  attempt  she  made 
Liverpool  after  a  rough  and  protracted  passage  of  seventeen 
days.  Her  outward  voyage  to  the  United  States,  in  Febru- 
ary, 1841,  was  her  last.  On  the  10th  of  March  of  that  year 
the  "President "  left  New  York  for  Liverpool  with  twenty- 
three  passengers  on  board,  and  up  to  this  day  no  satisfactory 

12 


intelligence  hae  been  received  regarding  her  fate.  The  only 
ship  that  reported  having  seen  her  was  a  Portuguese  brig, 
which,  on  23d  April,  1841,  while  in  lat.  31  N.,  and  long. 
40  W.,  saw  a  very  large  steamer,  under  sails,  going  at  the 
rate  of  three  or  four  miles  an  hour.  No  smoke  issued  from 
the  funnels,  and  the  paddle-wheels  were  not  in  motion.  The 
captain  of  the  brig  saw  the  steamer  both  on  that  and  on  the 
following  day,  and  even  approached  within  three  or  four 
miles  of  her  while  pursuing  his  own  homeward  route.  She 
did  not  hail  the  brig,  nor  did  she  appear  to  be  at  all  in  a  dis- 
abled state.  A  British  man-of-war  and  two  Portuguese  ves- 
sels were  sent  to  cruise  in  search  of  the  "  President,"  but 
without  success,  and  all  hope  for  her  safety  was  abandoned ; 
and  so  ended  the  fate  of  this  pioneer  of  transatlantic  steam 
companies. 

Before  closing  this  short  sketch,  we  will  copy  what  the 
New  York  Courier  and  Enquirer,  of  April  23,  1838,  said 
of  the  arrival  of  the  first  steamship. 

"akeival  of  a  steamee  feom  eueope. 
"  Seven  days  later  from  London — Six  days  later  from  Liverpool. 

"Last  night  our  news  schooner  'Eclipse  '  boarded  the  steamer  'Si- 
rius,'  Lieutenant  Richard  Roberts,  R.  N.,  Commander,  from  Cork, 
whence  she  sailed  on  the  4th  instant.  She  has  performed  the  voyage 
without  any  accident,  save  a  slight  one  which  befell  her  on  coming  in 
the  Hook,  where  she  grounded.  Since  her  departure,  she  has  used 
only  fresh  water  in  her  boilers,  having  on  board  Mr.  Hall's  condensing 
apparatus." 

The  Marine  News  reported :  "  Steam-packet  £  Skins,' 
Roberts,  from  Cork,  sailed  April  4th,  with  46  passengers, 
etc.,  to  Wadsworth  &  Smith.  The  '  Sirius '  went  ashore  on 
the  point  of  the  Hook  last  evening,  about  10  o'clock.  She 
will  not  sustain  any  damage,  and  will  be  got  off  on  the  ris- 
ing tide."  The  same  paper  contains  the  following  adver- 
tisement : 

"  British  Steam-packet  Ship  for  London,  to  sail  from 
New  York,  May  1,  1838. 
The  New  and  Powerful  Steamship, 
'SIEIUS,' 
700  Tons  Burthen  and  320  Horse -Power, 
Lieutenant  R.  Roberts,  Commander, 
is  intended  to  sail  from  London,  March  28th,  touching  at  Cork,  and 
thence,  on  the  2d  of  April,  for  this  port,  returning  from  New  York  to 
London  on  the  1st  of  May. 

"  This  vessel  has  superior  accommodation,  and  is  fitted  with  separate 
cabins,  for  the  accommodation  of  families,  to  whom  every  possible  at- 
tention will  be  given. 

"  Cabin,  $140,  including  provisions,  wines,  etc. 
"  Second  Cabin,  $80,  including  provisions. 

"This  superior  steamship  has  been  chartered  by  the  Directors  of  the 
British  &  American  Steam  Navigation  Company,  of  London,  to  meet 
the  pressing  demands  of  the  public,  in  anticipation  of  the  steamship 
'British  Queen,'  now  building,  is  a  new  vessel,  about  sis  months  old, 
and  has  proved  herself  superior  to  any  steam-vessel  in  British  waters, 
in  speed  and  seaworthy  qualities. 

"Further  information  afforded  on  application;  and,  for  freight  and 
passage,  apply  to  Wadswobth  &  Smith, 

"  4  Jones  Lane  (rear,  103  Front  Street), 

"  Agents  of  the  British  <£•  American  Steam  Navigation  Company.'1'' 


ss 


THE  ANCHOR  LINE  OF  STEAMERS. 


GREAT  WESTERN  STEAM  NAVIGATION  COMPANY. 

Few  persons  in  these  days  are  aware  of  Low  much  the 
world  is  indebted  to  the  adventurous  merchants  who,  in  the 
face  of  all  the  predictions  as  to  its  impossibility,  successfully 
worked  out  the  problem  of  ocean  steam-navigation.  When 
they  first  proposed  to  send  a  steam-vessel  across  the  Atlantic, 
scientific  men,  who  were  looked  up  to  as  authorities  on  the 
point,  declared  that,  if  attempted,  it  would  be  found  quite 
impracticable.  Despite  this  opinion,  however,  these  spir- 
ited merchants  determined  to  try  the  experiment,  and  forth- 
with laid  down  the  keel  of  a  steamer,  which  it  was  their 
intention  to  send  over  the  ocean  at  all  hazards.  "While  the 
ship  was  being  built,  it  happened  that  the  British  Associa- 
tion for  the  Advancement  of  Science  met  at  Bristol,  and  one 
of  its  members  demonstrated,  theoretically,  that  a  steam- 
voyage  direct  to  New  York  would  be  quite  impracticable ; 
in  fact,  the  chairman  offered  to  eat  the  boiler  of  the  first 
steamer  that  accomplished  such  a  feat !  The  mathema- 
tician alluded  to  computed  that,  for  each  horse-power  of 
steam,  one  ton  of  coal  would  be  required  for  every  1,425 
miles.  "  Taking  this  as  a  basis  of  the  calculation,"  said  he, 
"  and  allowing  one-fourth  of  a  ton  of  coal  per  horse-power 
as  spare  fuel,  the  tonnage  necessary  for  the  fuel  and  ma- 
chinery on  a  voyage  from  England  to  New  York  would  be 
3.70  tons  per  horse-power,  which,  for  a  vessel  with  engines 
of  400  horse-power,  would  be  1,400  tons."  Now,  as  the 
ship  referred  to  was  only  intended  to  be  1,200  tons  burden, 
the  voyage  was  demonstrably  impracticable. 

The  owners,  however,  placed  more  confidence  in  the 
practical  skill  of  their  engineers  and  ship-builders  than  in 
the  theoretical  calculations  of  the  philosopher.  The  steamer 
was  completed,  with  the  following  dimensions :  Length,  230 
feet ;  breadth,  including  paddle-boxes,  58  feet  4  inches ; 
depth  of  hold,  23  feet,  the  vessel,  when  laden,  drawing  16 
feet  of  water.  The  paddle-wheels  were  28  feet  in  diameter, 
each  paddle-board  being  10  feet  long.  There  were  two  en- 
gines of  225  horse-power  each,  weighing  together  200  tons, 
the  boilers — of  which  there  were  four — 100  tons  additional. 
Instead  of  1,200  tons,  as  at  first  intended,  the  tonnage  had 
been  increased  to  1,340  tons.  The  total  cost  of  the  ship 
was  $300,000.  When  ready  for  sea  she  was  freighted. 
Seven  adventurous  persons  became  passengers,  and  on  the 
8th  day  of  April,  1838,  the  "  Great  Western"  started  from 
Bristol  to  solve  the  great  problem  of  ocean  steam-naviga- 
tion. This  new  wonder  of  the  deep  pursued  her  voyage 
without  interruption,  and  arrived  off  New  York  on  the 
afternoon  of  St.  George's  Day,  having  performed  the  voy- 
age in  the  unprccedcntedly  short  space  of  15  days  10  hours. 
Instead  of  the  1,400  tons  of  coal  which  it  was  predicted 


the  "Great  Western"  would  have  to  burn,  she  only  con- 
sumed 450  tons.  The  distance  ran  was  3,111  nautical 
miles. 

Having  remained  a  fortnight  in  New  York,  the  "Great 
Western  "  started  on  the  7th  day  of  May  on  her  homeward 
voyage,  when,  at  the  lowest  computation,  100,000  New- 
Yorkers  turned  out  to  witness  her  departure.  Sixty -six 
passengers  had  courage  to  venture  in  her.  After  steaming 
for  exactly  a  fortnight,  and  over  3,218  nautical  miles,  she 
arrived  at  Bristol  on  the  22d  of  May.  An  immense  multi- 
tude assembled  to  welcome  her  back  into  King's  Road, 
which  they  did  with  tremendous  cheering. 

Thus  the  great  problem  of  crossing  the  Atlantic  by 
steam  was  solved  in  spite  of  the  winds,  the  waves,  and  the 
philosophers. 

The  "  Great  Western  "  sailed  from  Bristol  until  1842, 
when  her  port  of  departure  was  changed  to  Liverpool,  and 
remained  so  until  the  dissolution  of  the  company  in  1848, 
when  she  was  sold  to  the  West  India  Mail  Company.  Her 
voyages,  on  the  whole,  were  performed  with  regularity ;  with 
an  average  western  passage  of  15  days,  and  13|  to  the  east- 
ward. 

In  1839  this  spirited  company  made  another  bold  ex- 
periment with  two  "  new  departures."  In  the  case  of  steam- 
ers hitherto  built,  wood  was  the  material  of  which  they 
were  constructed,  and  paddle-wheels  the  mechanical  con- 
trivance by  which  motion  was  imparted  to  them ;  but  this 
company  ordered  a  then  leviathan  steamer,  100  feet  longer 
than  their  longest,  to  be  built  of  iron,  and  be  propelled  by 
means  of  an  archimedean  screw.  The  "-Great  Britain,"  for 
such  was  the  name  of  this  ship,  was  originally  intended  to 
be  a  paddle-steamer,  but  the  company  having  been  unable 
to  induce  any  forge-master  to  undertake  the  forgings  re- 
quired for  the  paddle  -  shafts,  necessity  compelled  the 
adoption  of  the  screw-propeller.  1  Although  she  was  begun 
in  1839,  and  was  so  far  finished  as  to  be  launched  on  July 
19,  1843,  yet  she  was  imprisoned  in  Cumberland  Dock, 
Bristol,  during  several  months,  owing  to  the  locks  being 
narrower  than  the  ship.  The  directors  of  the  Dock  Com- 
pany having  at  length  widened  the  locks,  she  was,  on  De- 
cember 12,  1844,  released  from  her  long  and  ludicrous 
durance,  and  early  in  1845  steamed  round  to  London  on  a 
trial-trip,  proving  her  to  be  a  very  swift  boat.  Her  dimen- 
sions were  :  length,  274.2  feet;  breadth,  48.2  feet;  depth, 
31.5  feet ;  G  masts ;  gross  tonnage,  2,975  tons ;  engines  1,000 
horse-power,  driving  a  six-bladed  propeller  of  solid  iron,  15 
feet  6  inches  in  diameter.  Berths  were  provided  for  3G0  cabin 
passengers,  and  besides  room  for  her  complement  of  stores, 
including  coal,  was  capable  of  carrying  1,000  tons  of  cargo. 
"Looking  at  the  '  Great  Britain  '  in  a  commercial  point  of 


THE  ANCHOR  LINE  OF  STEAMERS. 


89 


view,"  said  the  journals  of  that  day,  "  much  doubt  exists  as 
to  whether  a  sufficient  number  of  passengers  and  a  sufficient 
quantity  of  goods  can  be  collected  to  make  her  rapid  voy- 
ages to  New  York  profitable.  Whether  the  '  Great  Brit- 
ain '  will  prove  a  profitable  vessel  to  her  owners,  time  can 
only  determine."  She  made  at  that  time  but  two  passages 
across  the  Atlantic  ;  her  last  departure  from  Liverpool  for 
New  York  took  place  on  September  22, 1846,  when  she  had 
on  board  185  passengers  and  a  very  considerable  cargo,  and 
that  night  ran  ashore  in  Dundrum  Bay,  where,  after  lying 
a  year,  she  was  purchased  for  a  small  sum,  got  off,  refitted 
and  prepared  for  active  service,  and  is  now  (1872)  engaged 
in  the  Liverpool  and  Melbourne  trade.  In  1848  the 
company  dissolved,  confirming  that  the  trite  saying,  that 
"  the  first  projectors  of  an  undertaking  for  the  benefit  of 
mankind  never  reap  any  of  its  benefits,"  was  no  less  true 
of  the  Great  Western  Steam  Navigation  Company,  the  first 
in  the  field  to  have  steamers  built  expressly  for  the  Trans- 
atlantic trade.  The  New  York  Courier  and  Enquirer  of 
April  24,  1838,  said : 

"The  great  experiment  of  crossing  tlie  Atlantic  by  steam  has  now 
been  fairly  tested,  and  may  be  declared  completely  successful.  We 
announced  yesterday  morning  the  arrival  of  the  '  Sirius,'  in  18  days, 
from  Cork ;  we  have  now  the  pleasure  of  recording  the  arrival  of  the 
'  Great  Western,'  under  the  command  of  Lieutenant  Hosken,  of  the 
Royal  Navy,  in  15  days  from  Bristol.  The  excitement  produced  in  our 
community  by  these  novel  events  was  general  and  intense. 

"  The  '  Sirius '  anchored  in  the  North  River  soon  after  dawn.  Dur- 
ing the  whole  day  the  Battery  and  Castle  Garden  were  thronged,  and 
boats  were  continually  putting  off  from  the  wharves  to  gratify  the  more 
carious  with  a  nearer  view  of  the  noble  vessel. 

"It  was  about  3  o'clock  in  the  afternoon  when  the  '  Great  Western ' 
passed  the  Battery,  in  a  style  that  displayed  her  to  great  advantage, 
followed  by  the  cheers  of  the  multitude  which  had  collected  to  witness 
and  greet  her  approach.  , 

"  What  may  be  the  ultimate  fate  of  this  excitement — whether  or  not 
the  expenses  of  equipment  and  fuel  will  admit  of  the  employment  of 
these  vessels  in  the  ordinary  packet  service,  we  cannot  pretend  to  form 
an  opinion ;  but  of  the  entire  feasibility  of  the  passage  of  the  Atlantic 
by  steam,  as  far  as  regards  safety,  convenience,  comfort,  and  dispatch, 
even  in  the  roughest  and  most  boisterous  weather,  the  most  skeptical 
must  now  cease  to  doubt." 

The  advertisement  of  this  line  was  as  follows : 

"British  Steam  Packet-Ship 
GREAT  WESTERN, 
James  Hosken,  E.  N.,  Commander, 
Having  arrived  yesterday  from  Bristol,  which  place  she  left  on  the  8th 
inst.,  at  noon,  will  sail  from  New  York  for  Bristol  on  Monday,  7th  May, 
at  2  o'clock  p.  m. 

"  She  takes  no  Steerage  Passengers.  Rates  in  the  Cabin,  including 
Wines  and  Provisions  of  every  kind,  30  guineas ;  a  whole  State-room 
for  one  person,  50  guineas.  Steward's  fee  for  each  passenger,  £1  10*. 
sterling.  Children  under  13  years  of  age,  half-price.  No  charge  for 
Letters  or  Papers.  The  Captain  and  Owners  will  not  be  liable  for  any 
Package,  unless  a  Bill  of  Lading  has  been  given  for  it.  One  to  two 
hundred  tons  can  be  taken  at  the  lowest  current  rates. 

"  Passage  or  freight  may  be  engaged,  a  plan  of  cabin  may  be  seen, 
and  further  particulars  learned,  by  applying  to 

"  Richard  Ievin,  98  Front  Street." 


As  in  this  sketch  is  given  the  history  of  the  first  Atlan- 
tic screw-steamer,  it  may  be  a  fitting  place  to  record  a  notice 
of  the  first  screw-steamer. 

The  principle  of  screw- propulsion  by  machinery  working 
in  a  similar  manner  to  the  well-known  Archimedean  screw 
had  long  occupied  the  thoughts  and  ingenuity  of  scientific 
men,  and  likewise  of  first-class  ship-builders  and  engineers. 
The  value  and  practicability  of  this  new  mode  of  applying 
steam  as  a  motive  power  was  warmly  debated ;  but  in  1840 
the  theoretical  controversy  was  decided  by  the  appearance 
in  the  Mersey  of  the  screw-steamer  "  Archimedes,"  of  240 
tons,  and,  on  a  trial  of  speed,  beating  two  of  the  swiftest 
river  steamers.  This  creditable  performance  exercised  an 
important  influence,  not  only  in  Liverpool,  but  on  the  mer- 
cantile and  general  navigation  of  the  world. 

The  principle  of  the  screw-propeller,  however,  gradually 
established  itself,  and  screw-steamers  were  built  and  em- 
ployed in  considerable  numbers  in  the  coasting  trades  and  in 
short  sea-voyages,  but  it  was  deemed  a  hazardous  experiment 
to  trust  them  across  the  Atlantic,  especially  in  the  winter 
months.  The  experiment,  however,  was  made,  and,  in 
1845-46,  the  "  Great  Britain "  crossed  the  Atlantic ;  but,  on 
her  second  trip,  and  before  attempting  a  winter  voyage, 
was  stranded  on  the  coast  of  Ireland.  In  1850  the  "  City 
of  Glasgow  "  was  launched,  and  made  several  summer  voy- 
ages between  Glasgow  and  New  York  ;  and  in  the  winter 
of  1850-'51  accomplished  the  first  winter  voyage  ever  made 
by  a  screw-steamer  across  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  effecting  a 
great  and  economical  revolution  in  steam  navigation,  and 
which  has  entirely  superseded  the  use  of  ocean-going  pad- 
dle-wheel steamers. 

TRANSATLANTIC  STEAMSHIP  COMPANY. 

Contemporaneously  with  the  preceding  companies  a 
third  was  formed,  and  two  steamships,  the  "  Royal  William  " 
and  the  "  Liverpool,"  were  placed  on  the  berth,  and  in  the 
same  year  (1838)  commenced  plying  between  England  and 
America.  The  ports  of  departure  of  these  three  separate 
Transatlantic  companies  were  Portsmouth,  Bristol,  and 
Liverpool  respectively;  but,  latterly,  the  superior  advan- 
tages of  the  Mersey  as  a  starting-point  for  American  vessels 
became  apparent,  and  Portsmouth  and  Bristol  were  aban- 
doned. 

The  "  Boyal  William  "  belonged  to,  and  was  chartered 
from,  the  City  of  Dublin  Steam-Packet  Company,  and  had 
been  engaged  for  a  year  in  the  trade  between  Liverpool  and 
Dublin,  was  617  tons  burden  and  276  horse-power,  left 
Liverpool  for  New  York  with  passengers  only  on  July  5th, 
and  returned  August  19th.  Her  outward  passage  was  per- 
formed in  nineteen  days,  and  her  homeward  in  fourteen  and 


90 


THE  ANCHOR  LINE  OF  STEAMERS. 


a  half  (lavs.  She  had  the  honor  of  being  the  first  steamer 
from  Liverpool  to  cross  the  Atlantic.  It  is  also  claimed 
for  her  that  she  was  the  first  steamer  built  in  water-tight  sec- 
tions ;  probably  the  pretensions  are  well-founded,  but  build- 
ing ships  with  water-tight  compartments  was  by  no  means 
a  new  principle.  In  1795  Sir  Samuel  Bentham  built  for  the 
Admiralty  seven  vessels  with  water-tight  compartments.  It 
has  also  been  ascertained  that  ancient  galleys  had  been 
built  with  compartments  independent  of  each  other ;  and 
the  Chinese  have  always  constructed  their  clumsy  vessels 
upon  the  same  plan. 

On  July  25,  1838,  the  New  York  papers  contained  the 
following  advertisement : 

"  British  Steamship 
ROYAL  WILLIAM, 
617  Tons, 

Captain  Swainson,  K.  N.,  Commander. 
"  This  fine  Steamer,  Laving  lately  arrived,  will  be  dispatched  again 
for  Liverpool  on  Saturday,  4th  August,  at  4  p.  m.  She  is  only  sixteen 
months  old,  and  from  her  peculiar  construction,  being  divided  into  five 
sections,  each  water-tight,  she  is  considered  one  of  the  safest  boats  in 
England. 

"Her  accommodations  are  capacious,  and  well  arranged  for  comfort. 
The  price  of  passage  is  fixed  at  $140,  for  which  wines  and  stores  of  all 
kinds  will  be  furnished.  Letters  will  be  taken  at  the  rate  of  25  cents 
for  the  single  sheet,  and  in  proportion  for  larger  ones,  or  one  dollar  per 
ounce  weight. 

"  For  further  particulars,  apply  to 

Abkaiiam  Bell  &  Co. ;  or, 
Jacob  LTaevet,  28  Pine  Street." 

And,  on  July  26,  1838,  the  following  letter  from  Mr. 
James  C.  Shaw,  Marine  Manager  of  the  Company,  which 
we  copy  as  containing  several  items  of  interest: 

" '  Eotal  William  '  Steamship,  New  Yobk  Haeboe,  July  24,  183S. 

"Sir:  As  the  American  public  took  so  much  interest  in  the  success 
of  the  'Sirius'and  1  Great  "Western,' showing,  by  the  kind  reception 
they  gave  the  commanders  of  those  vessels,  how  sincerely  the  people 
of  the  United  States  were  gratified  at  the  solution  of  the  great  problem 
of  crossing  the  Atlantic  by  ships  propelled  by  machinery,  I  am  confident 
I  shall  add  still  more  to  the  public  gratification,  and  more  particularly 
to  that  of  the  scientific  portion  of  the  population,  by  giving  a  concise 
statement  of  the  result  of  the  '  Boyal  "William's '  voyage  from  Liver- 
pool. 

"  The  ship  left  the  river  Mersey  at  G.30  p.  m.,  on  the  5th  of  July,  and 
arrived  at  her  anchorage  here  at  5.35  r.  m\,  of  tho  24th  of  July,  being 

18  days  23  hours  on  the  passage ;  but,  if  I  deduct  3£  hours,  during 
which  timo  her  machinery  was  stopped  for  the  purpose  of  attaching 
new  packing,  etc.,  when  nine  days  from  Liverpool,  the  total  time  occu- 
pied in  steaming  was  18  days  19i  hours,  and  that  without  any  intermis- 
sion in  working  the  machinery.    From  pilot  to  pilot  she  was  18  days 

19  hours.  Tho  'Royal  William'  is  276  horse-power,  on  the  condens- 
ing principle.  She  has  three  separate  circular  boilers,  worked  at  a 
pressure  under  8  lbs.  to  the  inch,  and  the  steam  is  economized  by  ex- 
pansive valves.  During  the  entire  voyago  across  tho  Atlantic,  the 
average  expansion  was  19  inches  of  a  66-inch  stroke,  and  her  total  con- 
sumption of  fuel  was  351  tons  2  cwt.  2  qrs.,  from  anchorage  to  anchor- 
age, leaving  a  sufficient  quantity  on  board  for  600  miles  additional  steam- 
ing, having  still  in  her  hold  59  tons  7  cwt.  She  has  worked  tho  whole 
distance  at  an  average  of  2  cwt.  11  lbs.  per  mile,  or,  going  more  into 
scientific  detail,  6  lbs.  4  oz.  per  horse-power  per  hour — a  result  I  be- 
lieve unprecedented,  at  least  in  Europe. 


"Leaving  England  in  the  middle  of  summer,  it  may  be  said  that  her 
voyago  has  been  long,  and  that  her  predecessors  did  more  than  she  has 
done.  To  prevent  such  an  erroneous  opinion  going  forth  to  the  world, 
I  give  below  a  detailed  statement  of  the  different  winds  she  encoun- 
tered on  tho  passage — winds  as  adverse  as  any  winter  season  generally 
produces ;  and,  as  proof  that  the  Atlantic  has  been  visited  with  west- 
erly gales,  I  beg  to  state  that,  in  Lat.  42°,  Long.  61°,  we  overtook  the 
'  Sir  David  Kenjp,'  out  58  days  from  Dundee.  In  Lat.  40°  29',  Long. 
68°  18/  we  passed  the  '  Hibernia,'  which  vessel  left  Liverpool  on  the 
17th  Juno,  18  days  before  the  'Royal  William. '  The  undernamed 
packets  have  not  yet  reached  New  York,  and,  as  their  usual  passages 
are  much  shorter  than  that  they  arc  now  on,  nothing  can  show  more 
clearly  the  adverse  weather  in  tho  Atlantic  for  vessels  coming  to  the 
westward. 

'North  America'  '  Left  June  10 

'Eoscoe'   "      "  24 

'  William  C.  Nye '   "      "  2G 

'Louisville'   "      "  26 

"Total  time  of  tho  ' Royal  "William '  between  Liverpool  and  New 
York,  18  days  23  hours.    "Winds  blew  from — 

Northwest  to  southwest   11  days  11  hours. 

"       "  north   2   "    IT  " 

Southwest  "  south   2  "    —  " 

Easterly   1   "    17  " 

Calm   1   "      2  " 

IS  days  23  hours. 

"  Now,  as  the  course  from  Cape  Clear  to  New  York  is  about  west  by 
north,  it  is  evident  that  tho  'Royal  "William'  had  to  contend  against 
11J  days  of  opposing  winds — that  is  to  say,  those  blowing  between' 
southwest  and  northwest ;  and,  as  it  frequently  blew  gales,  I  trust 
some  credit  will  be  given  to  the  vessel  which  has  opposed  them  success- 
fully. For  the  last  eleven  days  she  had  no  opportunity  of  setting  her 
foresail  or  fore-topsail.  As  a  proof  of  her  capabilities  of  speed,  it  is  only 
necessary  to  give  the  result  of  the  last  seven  days  she  was  at  sea,  during 
part  of  which  time  she  had  56  hours  of  head-winds  : 

Noon  ending  July  IS   206  miles. 

"  "  19   240  " 

»  "  20   182  « 

"  "  21   1T9  " 

"  ''  22   280  " 

«  "  28    288  " 

»  "   24  -.   289  " 

Total  in  7  days   t]SL4  miles. 

"The  above  are  by  observations.  By  dead  reckoning  she  ran  257 
miles  on  the  19th,  and  257  on  the  23d.  The  '  Royal  William  '  is  fitted 
up  witli  water-tight  bulkheads,  which,  by  dividing  the  hull  into  five 
compartment?,  render  it  perfectly  safe  under  almost  any  circumstances, 
certainly  from  collision  or  fire.  This  plan  of  dividing  the  vessel  into 
sections  was  originally  adopted  by  Mr.  C.  "W.  Williams  of  Liverpool,  to 
whom  the  public  are  indebted  for  so  great  a  means  of  preservation  to 
human  life,  and  which  has  gained  him  in  England  the  applause  of  the 
people  at  large. 

"  The  '  Royal  William '  belongs  to  the  City  of  Dublin  Company, 
established  in  1824,  to  run  steamers  between  Liverpool,  Dublin,  and 
Belfast.  They  have  a  fleet  of  seventeen  vessels  employed  in  the  Irish 
Channel,  which  make  annually  above  1,000  voyages,  and,  from  the  pe- 
culiar care  used  in  their  construction,  and  from  almost  daily  inspection, 
not  an  accident  has  occurred  to  endanger  life  during  a  period  of  14 
years. 

"  The  experience  derived  from  the  managing  director  has  led  parties 
in  the  United  Kingdom  to  solicit  their  assistance  in  the  formation  of  a 
company  to  run  steamers  of  a  large  class  betwoen  Liverpool  and  New 
York,  and,  in  consequence  of  that  assistance  being  afforded,  progress 
has  been  made,  subscribers  have  come  forward,  and  two  vessels,  of 
1,250  tons  and  420  horse-power  each,  are  now  in  course  of  construc- 
tion, to  bo  followed  by  others,  as  numerous  as  the  wants  of  the  station 
will  ultimately  require. 

"  I  am,  sir,  your  obedient  servant, 

"  James  C.  Siiaw,  Marine  Manager.'1'1 


TEE  ANCHOR  LINE  OF  STEAMERS. 


01 


The  "Royal  "William,"  after  making  a  few  passages 
averao-ing  20  davs  westward  and  15  eastward,  was  returned 
to  Ler  owners,  and  is,  or  was  lately,  performing  active  duty 
between  Liverpool  and  Belfast,  the  company  having  bought 
the  new  steamer  "  Liverpool "  (from  Sir  John  Tobin,  who 
had  built  her  for  the  American  trade),  and  placed  her  on 
the  station. 

The  "  Liverpool  "  was  270  feet  long,  1,150  tons  burden, 
and  461  horse-power,  carried  oidy  first-cabin  passengers,  for 
which  she  charged  35  guineas,  had  a  surgeon  on  board,  and 
the  agents  advertised  that  "light  freight  would  be  taken  if 
applied  for  timely."  She  started  on  her  first  voyage  from 
Liverpool  to  New  York  October  20th,  1838,  and,  having  ac- 
complished about  one-third  of  the  route,  put  back  to  Cork 
on  the  26th.  She  again  proceeded  on  the  6th  of  November, 
and  arrived  at  New  York  on  the  23d,  returning  to  Liver- 
pool on  the  21st  of  December,  after  a  run  of  14  days  10 
hours.  She  made  in  all  six  voyages,  to  and  from  New  York, 
averaging  17  davs  out  and  15  home,  when  she  was  trans- 
ferred  to  the  Peninsular  &  Oriental  Company,  and  in  1846 
the  "  Liverpool "  or  "  Great  Liverpool,"  as  she  was  then 
called,  was  totally  wrecked  off  Cape  Finisterre. 

BRITISH  AND  NORTH  AMERICAN  ROYAL  MAIL  STEAM- 
PACKET  COMPANY". 

"While  the  existence  during  1838-'39  of  Transatlantic 
steamers  had  unquestionably  been  the  means  of  conferring 
srreat  benefits  on  the  mercantile  classes  both  of  England  and 
America,  yet  neither  the  Government  of  either  country,  nor 
the  public  generally,  had  derived  from  this  means  of  inter- 
national communication  all  the  benefits  which,  with  a  little 
management,  it  was  calculated  to  afford.  From  the  route 
adopted  (landing  in  New  York),  the  practical  distance  be- 
tween Britain  and  her  Canadian  possessions  had  not  been 
much  diminished,  while,  from  the  absence  of  method  in  the 
departure  of  the  several  steamers,  arising  principally,  per- 
haps, from  the  rivalry  and  non-accommodating  spirit  more  or 
less  characteristic  of  all  competing  companies,  there  was 
wanting  that  faultless  regularity  in  the  dispatch  and  receipt 
of  intelligence,  which,  whether  in  matters  political  or  com- 
mercial, is  of  the  first  importance.  To  secure  this  desirable 
object,  and  bring  the  colonial  dependencies  on  this  side  the 
Atlantic  as  near  as  possible  to  the  mother-country,  Govern- 
ment proposed  to  establish  a  regular  postal  communication 
with  Halifax  and  Boston.  Motives  of  economy  at  once 
suggested  the  propriety  of  devolving,  if  possible,  upon  some 
private  association  the  performance  of  this  mail  service. 
The  Great  "Western  Company  were  unsuccessful  applicants 
for  the  contract ;  and  the  advantage  of  undertaking  it  was 
strongly  urged  by  one  or  two  sagacious  individuals  upon 


the  capitalists  of  Liverpool.  But  the  latter  were  reluctant 
to  engage  in  the  enterprise;  and  partly  by  interest,  but 
principally  by  the  advantageous  terms  they  proposed,  and 
the  efficient  manner  in  which  they  were  ready  to  bind  them- 
selves to  perform  the  service,  a  few  merchants  in  Glasgow, 
represented  in  their  deed  of  engagement  by  Messrs.  Samuel 
Cunard,  of  Halifax,  George  Burns,  of  Glasgow,  and 
Charles  Mclver,  of  Liverpool,  obtained,  in  preference  to  the 
other  competitor,  the  execution  of  the  contract.  Early  in 
1839  the  preliminary  arrangements  were  concluded  ;  and 
on  July  4th,  1840,  the  mail  service  was  commenced  by  the 
"  Britannia  "  steamer,  which,  including  the  detour  to,  and 
a  detention  of  12  hours,  at  Halifax,  completed  the  voyage 
from  Liverpool  to  Boston  in  14£  days.  Four  steamers  per- 
formed the  service  which  originally  was  monthly,  then  fort- 
nightly, between  Liverpool,  Halifax,  and  Boston,  and  vice 
versa,  and  for  which  §300,000  was  paid  yearly.  Some 
years  afterward  $500,000  was  paid,  and  New  York  every 
alternate  voyage  was  substituted  for  Boston.  In  1S48  the 
Government  allowance  to  the  company  was  increased  to 
8725,000  per  annum  ;  and  they  became  bound  to  make 
throughout  the  year  —  except  during  the  four  winter 
months — weekly  instead  of  fortnightly  trips  to  Boston  and 
New  York  alternately,  constantly  calling  at  Halifax.  In 
1850  permission  was  granted  to  the  company  to  make  fort- 
nightly passages  to  New  York  direct,  instead  of  going  as 
formerly  by  way  of,  and  calling  at,  Halifax.  A  few  years 
later  Halifax  was  abandoned,  then  Boston ;  and  now  the 
company,  for  a  remuneration  of  $350,000  per  annum  from 
the  British  Government,  convey  two  mails  a  week  from 
Cork  to  New  York. 

The  old  fleet  of  wooden  paddle-steamers  having  all  dis- 
appeared, either  lost,  sold,  or  broken  up,  the  present  fleet 
consists  of  24  iron  screw-propellers,  the  year  of  build, 
names,  and  tonnage,  of  which  are : 


Tears.  Tons. 

1870.  Abyssinia   2,076 

1870.  Algeria   2,105 

18G5.  Aleppo   1,399 

1860.  Atlas  1,220 

1870.  Batavia   1,628 

Bothnia   Building;. 

1857.  Calabria*  1,730 

1862.  China  1,540 

1864.  Cuba  1,535 

1860.  Hecla   1,214 

1865.  Java   1,761 

1860.  Kedar   1,212 


Tears.  Tons. 
1S65.  Malta   1,450 

1860.  Marathon   1,213 

1861.  Morocco   1,212 

1860.  Olympus   1,585 

1866.  Palmyra   1,390 

1870.  Parthia   2,214 

1867.  Russia   1,710 

186S.  Samaria   1,695 

Scytliia   Building-. 

1867.  Siberia   1,698 

1861.  Sidon   1,212 

1865.  Tarifa   1,400 


STEAMSHIP  SARAH  SANDS. 

"Human  institutions  must  be   accommodated  to  the 
varying  circumstances  and  exigencies  of  society,"  or,  in  pro- 
verbial colloquy,  "  circumstances  alter  cases,"  was  applied 
by  a  Liverpool  merchant  to  what  he  considered  the  ex- 
*  Formerly  Australasian. 


92 


THE  ANCHOR  LINE  OF  STEAMERS. 


travagant  cost  and  equipment  of  subsidized  steamers,  and 
projected  a  scheme  for  freight-carrying  boats,  called  "  aux- 
iliary screw-propellers,"  which  differed  from  the  principle 
of  construction  of  the  "  Great  Britain  "  only  "in  this  respect, 
that  the  proportion  of  steam-power  to  tonnage  was  very 
much  lower;  the  screw  not  being  intended  as  the  principal 
but  as  a  subsidiary  motive  agent  to  the  propelling  influence 
of  the  wind.  To  prove  the  truth  of  his  demonstration,  the 
"  Sarah  Sands,"  an  iron  vessel  of  1,029  tons  and  180  horse- 
power, was  built  at  Liverpool  in  1846,  and  made,  during 
the  two  following  years,  between  that  port  and  New  York, 
nine  voyages.  The  average  of  her  passages  outward  was 
18£  days  and  homeward  16J-.  After  being  employed  in 
several  trades  and  with  varied  success,  she  went  to  the 
Pacific  Ocean,  where  she  ultimately  was  lost. 

OCEAN  STEAM-NAVIGATION  COMPANY. 

During  the  first  eight  years  of  ocean  steam-navigation, 
the  steamers  that  periodically  brought  to  New  York  pas- 
sengers and  intelligence  from  Europe  were  British-built. 
They  had  been  constructed  on  the  Avon,  the  Mersey,  and 
the  Clyde,  the  greater  number  having  been  launched  on  the 
same  waters  that  first  received  Henry  Bell's  little  "  Comet." 
Why  did  not  America  embark  in  such  enterprise  ?  As  re- 
gards steam-navigation,  Fulton  was  before  Bell  ;  New 
York  before  Glasgow  ;  the  "  Fulton's  Folly "  before  the 
"  Comet ;  "  and  was 

"  The  greatest  nation 
In  all  creation  " 

to  be  outdone  in  the  field  of  enterprise  by  the  old  Britishers  ? 
American  pride  said,  "No  ;"  America  instinct  said,  "No ;  " 
and,  above  all,  American  capitalists  said,  "  No  ! "  Keels 
were  laid  down  in  New  York ;  the  ship-builders'  yards  be- 
came unusually  active ;  and  the  stately  timbers  of  majestic 
ships  gradually  rose  before  the  admiring  gaze  of  the  citizens 
of  the  great  republic. 

But  the  Britishers,  not  relishing  this  threatened  inter- 
ference with  what  they  considered  their  privileged  do- 
mains of  Neptune,  shook  their  wise  heads  at  the  enterprise. 
It  was  admitted  that  in  inland  navigation  the  Americans 
had  beaten  the  world  ;  that  their  river-steamers  were  really 
models  of  enterprise  and  skill ;  but  it  was  gravely  added, 
"  The  Mississippi  is  not  the  Atlantic ;  icebergs  are  not  snags  ; 
and  an  Atlantic  wave  is  somewhat  different  from  an  Ohio 
ripple."  These  truisms  were  of  course  undeniable  ;  but  to 
them  was  quickly  added  another  fact,  about  which  there 
could  be  as  little  mistake — namely,  the  arrival  at  South- 
ampton, after  a  voyage  which,  considering  it  was  the  first, 
was  quite  successful,  of  the  American-built  steamship 
"  "Washington,"  from  New  York.    There  seemed  to  be  a 


touch  of  calm  irony  in  thus  making  the  "  Washington  "  the 
first  of  their  Atlantic  crossing  steamers,  as  if  the  Americans 
had  said,  "  You  doubting  Britishers !  when  you  wished  to 
play  tyrant  over  us,  did  we  not  raise  one  Washington  who 
chastised  you  ?  and  now  that  you  want  to  monopolize 
Atlantic  steam-navigation,  we  have  raised  another  'Wash- 
ington '  just  to  let  you  know  that  we  will  beat  you  again  !  " 
Instead  of  proving  swifter  vessels — as  it  was  confidently 
predicted  by  their  owners  they  would — than  those  of  the 
Cunard  squadron,  the  latter  steamers  usually  beat  them  by 
two  days-^sometimes  even  by  four — in  their  passages  across 
the  Atlantic.  Indeed,  so  inferior  were  the  two  steamships 
now  mentioned,  that  they  never,  properly  speaking,  proved 
themselves  rivals  to  the  Boston  and  Liverpool  mail-packets  ; 
and,  however  creditable,  as  a  first  effort  in  oceanic  steam- 
ship-building, the  construction  of  these  two  vessels  may  have 
been,  the  vessels  themselves,  compared  with  those  with  which 
they  were  designed  to  contend,  were  decided  failures. 

In  1847  a  contract  was  made  between  the  United  States 
Government  and  the  Ocean  Steam-Navigation  Company,  to 
carry  the  United  States  mails  between  New  York  and  Bre- 
men, twice  a  month,  touching  at  Cowes,  the  compensation 
to  be  $200,000  per  annum.  To  perform  this  service,  the 
company  built  and  launched,  in  1847,  the  "Washington" 
and  "  Hermann,"  each  224  feet  long,  39  feet  broad,  and  29 
feet  deep,  and  measuring  1,700  tons  ;  but,  at  the  expiration 
of  the  contract,  the  line  was  discontinued,  the  steamers  sold 
and  transferred  to  the  Pacific,  where  in  1863  the  latter  was 
broken  up,  and  in  a  few  years  later  the  former  was  wrecked. 

BLACK  BALL  LINE. 
Messes.  C.  H.  Marshall  &  Co.,  the  owners  of  the  cele- 
brated Black  Ball  Line  of  Packet-ships,  built  in  1847,  for 
the  New  York  and  Liverpool  trade,  the  steamer  "  United 
States,"  of  2,000  tons  burden,  which  in  April,  1848,  sailed  on 
her  first  voyage  to  Liverpool.  She  was  the  first  American 
steamer  built  for  the  Atlantic  Ocean  freight  and  passenger 
trade,  made  several  voyages,  did  not  pay,  was  withdrawn 
and  sold  to  parties  in  Bremen. 

TIIE  NEW  YOEK  AND  HAVRE  STEAM-NAVIGATION  COM- 
PANY. 

Tnis  company  was  established  in  1848,  to  ply  between 
New  York  and  Havre,  stopping  at  Southampton,  both  going 
and  returning,  and  obtained  a  contract  for  carrying  the  Unit- 
ed States  mails,  for  which  they  were  to  receive  $150,000 
per  annum  for  a  fortnightly  service.  The  "  Franklin " 
was  launched  in  1848,  and  in  1850  made  her  first  voyage. 
She  was  263  feet  in  length,  52  feet  beam,  26  feet  depth 
of  hold,  and  measured  2,183  tons.  In  July,  1854,  she  was 
wrecked,  and  totally  lost  on  Long  Island. 


THE  ANCHOR  LINE  OF  STEAMERS. 


93 


The  "Humboldt"  (her  consort),  measuring  2,181  tons, 
made  her  first  voyage  in  1851,  and  was  wrecked  entering 
Halifax,  N.  S.,  in  October,  1853. 

To  preserve  the  mail  contract,  the  service  was  supplied 
by  chartering  unsuitable  steamers  at  heavy  cost,  until  they 
built  in  1855-56  the  "Arago  "  and  "  Fulton ;  "  on  the  break- 
ing out  of  the  rebellion  in  1861  the  line  was  withdrawn,  and 
the  same  strange  fatality  followed  these  fine  steamers :  the 
former  was  sold  to  the  Peruvian  Government,  and  the  latter 
had  her  engines  removed  and  the  hull  broken  up,  the  dry- 
rot  rendering  her  useless  as  a  sailing-ship. 

THE  UNITED  STATES  MAIL  LUTE. 

Mr.  E.  K.  Collins,  having  spent  a  thorough  apprentice- 
ship in  freight  and  passenger  traffic,  while  running  "  The 
Dramatic  Line  of  Liverpool  Packets,"  considered  himself 
quite  capable  of  managing  a  line  of  ocean  steamers,  and 
having  imbued  a  few  New-York  merchants  with  his  visions 
of  untold  wealth  to  be  acquired  from  the  ownership  of 
steamships,  they  became  associated  together,  contracted 
with  builders  for  four  steamers,  which  were  launched  in 
1849,  to  sail  between  New  York  and  Liverpool,  carrying 
the  United  States  mails  under  a  contract  with  the  American 
Government.  In  size,  and  speed,  and  splendor  of  fittings, 
these  ships  were  to  far  surpass  any  yet  afloat ;  even  their 
names  were,  if  possible,  to  be  more  grand  and  expressive. 
The  vessels  of  Cnnard's  Line  had  lately  appropriated  the 
names  of  the  four  great  continents  of  the  globe,  but  the  oceans 
remained,  and  their  names  were  adopted,  the  steamers  being 
called  the  "Atlantic,"  "Pacific,"  "Arctic,"  and  "Baltic." 
They  were  built,  engined,  and  equipped  at  New  York.  Their 
dimensions  were:  length,  290  feet;  breadth,  within  pad- 
dle-boxes, 45  feet ;  across  the  paddle-boxes,  75  feet ;  depth 
of  hold,  31  feet  7  in. ;  and  tonnage,  2,860  tons.  Machinery, 
1,000  horse-power.  The  passengers'  accommodations  were 
excellent,  cabins  very  roomy,  and  a  fortune  had  been 
expended  in  the  gorgeous  decorations  of  the  saloons.  The 
entire  cost  of  each  steamer  was  not  less  than  $600,000, 
the  bulk  of  which  was  paid  for  with  English  capital,  and,  in 
fulfilment  of  a  condition  annexed  to  the  mortgage,  all  the 
Collins  steamers  were  insured  in  Britain. 

The  first  of  the  steamers  was  dispatched  from  New  York 
on  the  27th  April,  1849,  and  arrived  in  the  Mersey  on  the 
10th  May,  thus  making  the  passage  in  about  13  days,  two 
of  which  were  entirely  lost  in  making  repairs,  and  the 
speed  was  reduced,  in  order  to  prevent  the  floats  from 
being  entirely  torn  away  from  the  paddle-wheels.  All 
things  considered,  the  passage  was  very  successful.  The 
"  Atlantic "  remained  at  Liverpool  19  days,  on  several  of 
which  she  was  open  to-  visitors,  and,  as  an  interesting 


record,  we  add  a  sketch  given  at  that  time  by  a  British 
visitor : 

"  The  steamer's  appearance  is  not  prepossessing.  She  is  undoubt- 
edly clumsy;  thethree  masts  are  low,  the  funnel  is  short  and  dump)', 
there  is  no  bowsprit,  and  her  sides  are  painted  black,  relieved  only  by 
one  long  streak  of  dark  red.  Her  length  between  the  perpendiculars — 
that  is,  the  length  of  her  keel — is  270  feet ;  breadth  (exclusive  of  pad- 
dle-boxes), 45  ;  thus  keeping  up  the  proportion,  as  old  as  Noah's 
ark,  of  six  feet  of  length  to  one  of  breadth.  The  stern  is  rounded, 
having  in  the  centre  the  American  eagle,  clasping  the  starred  and 
striped  shield,  but  no  other  device.  The  figure-head  is  of  colossal 
dimensions,  intended,  say  some,  for  Neptune ;  others  say  that  it  is  the 
old  Triton  blowing  his  wreathed  horn,  so  lovingly  described  by  Words- 
worth ;  and  some  wags  assert  that  it  is  the  proprietor  of  the  ship 
blowing  his  own  trumpet.  The  huge  bulk  of  the  'Atlantic'  was  more 
perceptible  by  contrast  with  the  steamer — none  of  the  smallest — that 
was  now  alongside ;  for,  though  the  latter  was  large  enough  to  accom- 
modate about  four  hundred  people  on  deck,  yet  its  funnel  scarcely 
reached  as  high  as  the  bulwarks  of  the  'Atlantic.'  The  diameter  of 
the  paddle-wheels  is  36  feet;  and  the  floats,  many  of  which,  split  and 
broken,  were  lying  about  in  the  water,  are  nearly  15  feet  long. 

"Like  all  the  other  Atlantic  steamers,  the  run  of  the  deck  is  almost 
a  straight  line.  Around  the  funnel,  and  between  the  paddle-boxes,  is 
a  long  wooden  house,  and  another  is  placed  at  the  stern.  These  con- 
tain the  state-rooms  of  the  captain  and  officers ;  and  in  a  cluster  are 
to  be  found  the  kitchen,  the  pastry-room,  and  the  barber's  shop.  The 
two  former  are,  like  similar  establishments,  replete  with  every  con- 
venience, having  even  a  French  mattre  de  cuisine ;  but  the  latter  is 
quite  unique.  It  is  fitted  up  with  all  necessary  apparatus — with  glass 
cases  containing  perfumery,  etc. ;  and  in  the  centre  is  the  '  barber's 
chair.'  This  is  a  comfortable,  well-stuffed  seat,  with  an  inclined  back. 
In  front  is  a  stuffed  trestle,  on  which  to  rest  feet  and  legs;  and  behind 
is  a  little  stuffed  apparatus  like  a  crutch,  on  which  to  rest  the  head. 
These  are  movable,  so  as  to  suit  people  of  all  sizes ;  and  in  this  com- 
fortable horizontal  position  the  passenger  lies,  and  his  beard  is  taken 
off  in  a  twinkling,  let  the  Atlantic  waves  roll  as  they  may.  The  house 
at  the  stern  contains  a  smoking-room,  and  a  small  apartment,  com- 
pletely sheltered  from  the  weather,  for  the  steersman.  The  smoking- 
room  communicates  with  the  cabin  below,  so  that,  after  dinner,  those 
passengers  so  disposed  may,  without  the  least  exposure  to  the  weather, 
or  annoyance  to  their  neighbors,  enjoy  the  weed  of  old  Virginia  in 
perfection.  This  smoking-room  is  the  principal  prospect  of  the  man 
at  the  helm,  who,  however,  has  to  steer  according  to  his  signals.  Before 
him  is  a  painted  intimation  that  one  bell  means  'port,'  and  two  bells 
'starboard;'  a  like  intimation  appears  on  the  large  bell  in  the  bow 
of  the  ship ;  and,  according  to  the  striking  of  the  bell,  so  must  he  steer. 

"Proceeding  below,  we  come  to  the  great  saloon,  67  feet  long,  and 
the  dining-saloon,  60  feet  long,  each  being  20  feet  broad,  and  divided 
from  each  other  by  the  steward's  pantry.  This  pantry  is  more  like  a 
silversmith's  shop,  the  sides  being  lined  with  glass  cases  stored  with 
beautifully-burnished  plate ;  crockery  of  every  description,  well  secured, 
is  seen  in  great  quantities ;  and  the  neatness  of  arrangement  shows  that 
the  gilded  inscription,  full  in  the  sight  of  every  visitor — '  a  place  for 
everything,  and  everything  in  its  place' — has  been  reduced  to  prac- 
tice. Above  the  tables  in  the  dining-saloon  are  suspended  racks,  cut 
to  receive  decanters,  glasses,  etc.,  so  that  they  can  be  immediately 
placed  on  the  table  without  the  risk  attendant  on  carrying  them  from 
place  to  place.  The  two  saloons  are  fitted  up  in  a  very  superior  man- 
ner:  rose,  satin,  and  olive  are  the  principal  woods  that  have  been  used, 
and  some  of  the  tables  are  of  beautifully-variegated  marble,  with  metal 
supporters.  The  carpets  are  very  rich,  and  the  coverings  of  the  sofas, 
chairs,  etc.,  are  of  the  same  superior  quality.  The  panels  round  the 
saloons  contain  beautifully-finished  emblems  of  each  of  the  States  in 
the  Union,  and  a  few  other  devices  that  savor  very  strongly  of  repub- 
licanism. For  example,  a  young  and  beautiful  figure,  all  radiant  with 
health  and  energy,  wearing  a  cap  of  liberty,  and  waving  a  drawn 
sword,  is  represented  trampling  on  a  feudal  prince,  from  whose  head  a 
crown  has  rolled  in  the  dust.    The  cabin-windows  are  of  beautifully- 


91 


THE  ANCHOR  LINE  OF  STEAMERS. 


painted  glass,  embellished  with  tho  arms  of  Now  York  and  other  cities 
in  the  States.  Largo  circular  glass  ventilators,  reaching  from  the  deck 
to  tho  lower  saloon,  are  also  richly  ornamented,  while  handsome  mir- 
rors multiply  all  this  splendor.  Tho  general  effect  is  that  of  chastc- 
ness  and  a  certain  kind  of  solidity.  There  is  not  much  gilding,  tho 
colors  used  arc  not  gaudy,  and  there  is  a  degree  of  elegant  comfort  about 
the  saloons  that  is  sometimes  wanting  amid  splendid  fittings.  There  is 
a  ladies'  drawing-room  near  the  chief  saloon,  full  of  every  luxury.  The 
berths  aro  about  150  in  number,  leading  out,  as  usual,  from  the  saloons. 
Tho  most  novel  feature  about  them  is  the  wedding-berths,  wider  and 
more  handsomely  furnished  than  the  others,  intended  for  such  newly- 
married  couples  as  wish  to  spend  the  first  fortnight  of  the  honeymoon 
on  the  Atlantic.  Such  berths  are,  it  seems,  always  to  be  found  on 
board  the  principal  river-steamers  in  America,  but  are  as  yet  unknown 
on  this  side  of  the  water.  Each  berth  has  a  bell-rope  communicating 
with  a  patented  machine  called  the  'Annunciator.'  This  is  a  circular 
plate  about  the  size  of  the  face  of  an  eight-day  clock,  covered  with  num- 
bers corresponding  with  those  of  the  state-rooms.  Each  number  is 
concealed  by  a  semicircular  plate,  which  is  removed  or  turned  round 
as  soon  as  the  rope  is  pulled  in  the  state-room  with  the  corresponding 
number.  A  bell  is  at  the  same  time  struck  to  call  the  attention  of  the 
stewards,  who  then  replace  the  plate  in  its  former  position,  and  attend 
to  the  summons. 

"  The  machinery  which  propels  the  ship  consists  of  two  engines,  each 
of  500  horse-power,  the  engines  of  the  old  line  being  also  two  in  num- 
ber, but  only  about  400  horse-power  each.  Such  cylinders,  and  shafts, 
and  pistons,  and  beams  are,  I  believe,  unrivalled  in  the  world.  There 
are  four  boilers,  each  heated  by  eight  furnaces,  in  two  rows  of  four 
each.  The  consumption  of  coal  is  about  50  tons  every  24  hours ;  '  and 
that,'  said  one  of  the  engineers,  '  is  walking  pretty  fast  into  a  coal- 
mine, I  guess!'  According  to  the  calculations  of  the  very  wise  men 
who  predicted  the  failure  of  Atlantic  steam-navigation,  such  a  vessel  as 
the  'Atlantic'  ought  to  carry  3,700  tons  of  coal;  but  it  will  be  seen 
that  one-fourth  of  that  quantity  is  more  than  enough,  even  making  al- 
lowance for  extra  stores,  to  provide  against  accidents.  In  the  engine- 
room  is  a  long  box  with  five  compartments,  each  communicating  with 
a  wire  fastened  like  a  bell-pull  to  the  side  of  the  paddle-box.  These 
handles  are  marked  respectively,  'ahead,'  'slow,'  'fast,'  'back,'  and 
'hook  on; '  and, -whenever  one  is  pulled,  a  printed  card  with  the  cor- 
responding signal  appears  in  the  box  opposite  the  engineer,  who  has  to 
act  accordingly.  Thero  is  thus  no  noise  of  human  voices  on  board  this 
ship:  the  helmsman  steers  by  his  bells,  the  engineer  works  by  the  tele- 
graph, and  the  steward  waits  by  the  annunciator. 

"  Two  traces  of  national  habits  struck  me  very  much.  Even  in  the 
finest  saloon  there  are,  in  places  where  they  would  be  least,  expected, 
handsome  spittoons — the  upper  part  fashioned  like  a  shell,  and  painted 
a  sea-green  or  sky-blue  color — thus  giving  ample  facility  for  indulging 
in  that  practice  of  spitting  of  which  Americans  are  so  fond.  Again, 
much  amusement  was  caused  by  the  attempt  of  one  of  the  officers  in 
charge  of  the  communication  between  the  small  steamer  and  the  'At- 
lantic,' to  prevent  the  gentlemen  from  leaving  the  latter  until  the 
ladies  had  seated  themselves  on  the  former.  The  appearance  of  the 
deck,  crowded  with  ladies  only,  and  a  host  of  gentlemen  kept  back, 
some  impatient  to  get  down,  but  the  greater  part  entering  into  the  hu- 
mor of  the  thing,  was  quite  now  to  English  ideas.  It  is  but  fair  to  add 
that  the  ladies  did  not  seem  to  like  it;  and  when  the  steamer  again 
came  alongside,  it  was  not  repeated. 

"  Upon  the  whole,  this  Atlantic  steamer  is  really  worthy  of  the  great 
country  from  which  she  has  come.  If  in  shape  and  general  appearance 
she  is  inferior  to  the  old  vessels,  she  is  decidedly  equal,  if  not  superior, 
to  them  in  machinery  and  fittings.  Her  powers  as  regards  spoed  have 
of  course  yet  to  be  tried.  Ono  voyage  is  no  test,  nor  even  a  series  of 
voyages  during  the  summer  months:  she  must  cross  and  recross  at 
least  for  a  year  beforo  any  just  comparison  can  be  instituted." 

She  and  her  consorts  did  "  cross  and  recross  "  for  more 
than  a  year,  and  not  only  did  the  "  Arctic,"  in  February, 
1852,  make  the  passage  from  New  York  to  Liverpool  in  9 


days  17  hours,  but  the  average  of  42  westward  trips  was  11 
days  10  hours  and  2G  minutes,  against  the  average  of  Cu- 
narders  12  days  19  hours  26  minutes. 

The  company  started  with  a  subsidy  of  $14,750  a  trip, 
and  which  was  afterward  increased  to  §33,000  a  trip,  or 
$858,000  a  year.  Still,  as  a  most  active  rivalry  of  speed 
seemed  to  be  the  leading  object  which  influenced  the  direc- 
tors, the  boats  were  consequently  driven  to  an  extent  that, 
in  six  years,  the  expense  for  repairs  amounted  in  all  to 
more  than  the  prime  cost  of  the  ships. 

Notwithstanding  the  large  Government  subsidy  they  re- 
ceived for  carrying  the  mails;  freight  at  that  time  £G  to 
£8  a  ton ;  their  quick  passages  and  the  magnificent  and 
luxurious  style  of  then-  cabin  appointments  commanding  a 
fair  share  of  the  passenger  traffic,  yet  they  ran  for  six  years 
at  great  loss,  and  finally  the  company  became  bankrupt. 
The  "  Arctic  "  was  lost,  and  only  a  few  of  her  passengers 
were  saved.  The  "  Pacific,"  after  proving  herself  a  first-class 
sea-boat,  went  on  one  of  her  home-voyages,  was  never  heard 
of  more,  and  her  fate  will  ever  remain  a  mystery.  The 
"Atlantic"  and  "Baltic,"  after  rotting  and  rusting  at  their 
docks,  were  finally  relieved  of  their  machinery,  which  was 
sold  for  old  iron,  and  the  hulls  converted  into  sailing  ves- 
sels. The  "  Adriatic,"  a  fifth  steamer,  was  built  in  1851, 
but,  after  making  a  voyage  or  two,  was  sold  to  the  Galway 
Company,  and  for  years  she  has  lain  in  one  of  the  English 
docks,  a  warning  to  steamship  companies  of  the  evil  results 
arising  from  lavish  expenditure,  gross  mismanagement,  and 
the  baneful  influences  of  Government  subsidies. 

The  early  history  of  this  line  had  been  promising;  it 
had  been  generously  sustained  by  the  Government ;  a  nation's 
pride  had  been  identified  with  its  prosperity;  it  had  at- 
tracted the  attention  of  the  world  by  the  brilliancy  of  its 
performances,  and  not  less  by  the  tragic  terrors  of  its  mis- 
fortunes; but  errors,  fundamental  and  fatal,  had  entered 
into  the  scheme  for  its  establishment,  and  into  the  method 
of  its  administration — errors  which  time  did  not  modify,  nor 
experience  counteract — and  the  final  disaster  could  not  be 
averted. 

"THE  STEAMSHIP  CITY  OF  GLASGOW," 
the  first  Transatlantic  screw-steamship  built  on  the 
Clyde,  was,  in  1850,  launched  from  the  celebrated  building- 
yard  of  the  late  firm  of  Tod  &  McGregor  (now  owned  by 
Messrs.  Henderson  Brothers) ;  was  built  of  iron,  258  feet 
in  length,  34  feet  3  inches  in  width ;  measured  1,610  tons, 
gross  register;  and  was  furnished  with  engines  of  350  horse- 
power; was  owned  by  her  builders;  and,  after  making 
four  very  successful  voyages  between  Glasgow  and  New 
York,  was  sold  to  a  few  Liverpool  gentlemen,  to  form  the 
nucleus  of 


THE  ANCHOR  LINE  OF  STEAMERS. 


95 


THE  LIVERPOOL  &  PHILADELPHIA  STEAMSHIP  COMPANY. 

This  company  started  in  1850,  by  purchasing  the  steamer 
"  City  of  Glasgow,"  and  building  on  the  Clyde,  where  all 
the  company's  steamers  have  been  built,  the  "  City  of  Man- 
chester," 1,296  tons  register,  with  the  intention  of  plying 
between  Liverpool  and  Philadelphia,  which  they  did  for 
several  years.  In  1857  New  York  was  added  to  the  firm 
name,  and  The  Liverpool,  New  York,  &  Philadelphia 
Steamship  Company  commenced  plying  between  Liverpool 
and  New  York. 

The  company  have  been  irregular  in  their  movements, 
first  running  their  steamers  from  Liverpool  to  Philadelphia  ; 
then,  during  the  existence  of  the  Crimean  War,  withdraw- 
ing their  fleet,  and  engaging  in  the  more  lucrative  service 
of  Government  transports,  which  compelled  their  Quaker 
friends  to  withdraw  from  the  company  ;  then  attempting  to 
run  between  the  Clyde  and  New  York ;  withdrawing  from 
th  \t  field,  and  attempting  to  divide  with  the  Cunard  Line 
the  honors  and  emoluments  of  Government  subsidy  for 
carrying  mails  between  Queenstown  and  Halifax,  and  the 
freight  and  passenger  trade  between  Liverpool  and  Boston. 
For  years  chasing  the  ignis  fatuvs  of  legislative  propping, 
fighting  in  Parliament  and  out  of  Parliament  for  the  bone 
y'clept  "  a  mail  contract,"  they  have  at  length  succeeded, 
and  are  now  honored  by  carrying  "Her  Majesty's  mails," 
and  in  thirding  with  the  Cunard  Company  the  emoluments 
to  the  tune  of  §3,500  a  week.  For  the  present,  the  com- 
pany seem  to  have  abolished  experimenting,  and  settled 
on  uniting  their  force  to  run  two  steamers  a  week  between 
Liverpool,  Cork,  and  New  York.  This  company  has  been 
more  unfortunate  than  any  other  of  the  Liverpool  lines, 
having  lost  five  passenger-steamers,  viz.,  "  City  of  Glasgow," 
"  Glasgow,"  "  City  of  Philadelphia,"  "  City  of  New  York," 
and  "  City  of  Boston."  The  present  fleet  consists  of  15 
steamers,  viz. : 


Tear  built.  Name  of  Vessel.  Tons. 

1867.  City  of  Antwerp   1,626 

1855.       "    Baltimore   1,775 

1855.        "    Bristol  (formerly  ^Etna,  lengthened  1871). .  1,775 

1869.        "    Brooklyn   1,980 

1869.        "    Brussels   1,728 

 .       '•    Chester  :   Building 

1864.  "    Dublin  (formerly  Hellespont)   1,548 

1865.  "    Durham  ;   538 

1855.        "    Limerick  (formerly  African,  and  lengthened 

in  1870)  .'   1,724 

1863.       "    London  (lengthened  1869)   1,880 

1871.       "    Montreal  3,027 

1865.  "    New  York  (formerly  Delaware,  and  length- 

ened in  1871)   2,386 

1866.  "    Paris  (lengthened  1870)   1,975 

 .       "    Richmond   Building 

1855.       "    Washington  (lengthened  1871)   1,909 


GLASGOW  AND  NEW  YORK  STEAMSHIP  COMPANY. 

The  steamer  "  City  of  Glasgow  "  having  demonstrated 
the  feasibility  of  profitable  trade  between  Glasgow  and  New 
York,  a  company  was  formed  in  Glasgow  for  the  purpose  of 
running  steamers  between  that  city  and  New  York  ;  it  com- 
menced in  1851,  by  building  steamship  "  Glasgow,"  followed 
by  steamship  "New  York"  in  1854,  and  steamship  "Edin- 
burgh in  1855.  The  company  enjoyed  a  fair  share  of  pros- 
perity until  1858,  when  they  lost  the  "  New  York,"  and  in 
1859  the  company  sold  their  remaining  boats  to  the  Inman 
Line,  and  disbanded. 

"  STEAMSHIP  ERICSSON," 

built  by  a  few  New  York  capitalists  to  test  the  principle  of 
applying  heated  air  instead  of  steam  as  a  motive  power,  was 
launched  at  New  York  in  1853,  made  a  trial  trip  to  Wash- 
ington in  rough  winter  weather,  at  an  average  rate  of  7 
knots  per  hour,  upon  a  consumption  of  5  tons  coal  per  24 
hours,  with  her  caloric  engine,  one  engineer,  and  one  fire- 
man only  on  duty  at  a  time.  Speed  not  being  enough  to 
compete  with  fast  steamers,  although  the  principle  had  been 
so  fully  proved  and  well  illustrated,  cash  could  not  be  had 
for  the  outlay  of  new  and  improved  caloric  engines,  so  a 
pair  of  very  economical  steam  engines  were  in  1854  put 
on  board,  and  the  ship  did  very  creditable  service  in  the 
Collins  line  for  one  year,  then  in  the  Bremen  line,  afterward 
served  the  Government  well  during  the  war.  When  her 
boilers  were  worn  out,  the  engines  were  removed,  and  the 
vessel  fitted  as  a  sailing-ship,  sold  to  a  Boston  firm,  and  is 
now  running  in  the  East  India  trade. 

THE  CLYDE  SCREW  STEAM-PACKET  COMPANY 

was,  in  1854,  originated  in  Glasgow  by  a  firm  that,  for  ten 
years  previously,  had  been  running  a  line  of  British  sailing- 
vessels  between  the  Clyde  and  New  York.  The  company 
built  the  "  Clyde,"  and  purchased  the  "  Petrel,"  and  placed 
them  on  the  route  between  Glasgow  and  New  York.*  They 
had  made  but  a  few  trips  when,  during  the  Crimean  War, 
they  were  withdrawn  and  subsequently  lost.  The  Company 
dissolved  in  1857. 

VANDERBILT'S  LINE. 

In  1855  Commodore  Vanderbilt  proposed  unsuccess- 
fully to  the  American  Government  to  run  a  semi-monthly 
line  between  New  York  and  Liverpool,  to  alternate  with 
the  Collins  steamers,  and  had  asked  $15,000  a  trip  if  he 
might  confine  his  boats  to  the  average  speed  of  the  Cunard 
Line,  or  $19,250  if  they  were  expected  to  make  as  good 
time  as  the  Collins  vessels  had  done. 

During  the  same  year  (1855)  Vanderbilt  placed  the 


THE  ANCHOR  LINE  OF  STEAMERS. 


"  Ariel "  on  the  route  to  Southampton  and  Havre,  and 
again  proposed  to  make  a  mail  contract  with  the  Govern- 
ment, his  terms  heing  $16,680  a  voyage,  the  compensation 
paid  by  Great  Britain  to  the  Cunard  Line ;  he  was  again  un- 
successful. Next  year  he  put  the  "North  Star"  on  the 
Bremen  route,  followed  in  a  year  or  two  afterward  by  the 
"Ariel,"  "  Vanderbilt,"  and  "Ocean  Queen."  The  New 
York  &  Havre  and  New  York  &  Bremen  Ocean  Steam 
Navigation  Companies  being  unwilling,  on  the  expiration 
of  their  contracts  in  1858,  to  attempt  the  performance  of 
the  service  on  the  small  pay  of  the  gross  ocean  and  inland 
postages,  Mr.  Vanderbilt  determined  to  try  the  service, 
which  he  continued  for  three  years,  and  until  he  sold  all 
his  steam-fleet  to  the  Pacific  Mail  Steamship  Company. 

THE  ANCHOR  LINE  OF  TRANSATLANTIC  STEAM-PACKET 

SHIPS. 

Four  attempts  had  now  been  made  to  establish  and  per- 
manently continue  a  steam-traffic  between  the  rivers  that 
were  the  cradles  of  steam-navigation,  yet  in  each  instance 
one  or  more  of  the  essential  requisites  to  success  was  want- 
ing, and  after  a  time  each  company  beheld  its  golden  anti- 
cipations of  wealth  and  prosperity  vanish.  Each  in  turn 
eventually  abandoned  the  field,  leaving  it  to  be  said  that  to 
The  Anchor  Line  alone  are  the  merchants  of  New  York 
and  Glasgow  indebted  for  their  present  close  commercial 
intercourse  ;  and  as  there  must  be  some  merit  in  a  line  of 
steamers  unaided  by  Government  subsidies,  and  relying 
alone  on  the  good  skill  and  management  of  the  owners  to 
rise  from  three  steamers  to  twelvefold  increase  in  nine 
years,  we  may  be  pardoned  for  devoting  more  space  to  this 
line  than  to  any  of  the  others. 

In  1856  The  Anchor  Line  of  Transatlantic  Steam- 
Packet  Ships  was  inaugurated  by  Messrs.  Handyside  & 
Henderson,  of  Glasgow,  placing  a  steam-engine  on  board, 
and  applying  a  propeller  to  the  "  Tempest,"  one  of  their  trad- 
ing sailing-ships.  Her  story,  however,  is  soon  told.  "  The 
good  die  young."  She  was  lost  on  her  second  return- 
voyage. 

For  several  years  the  company  applied  their  energies  in 
establishing  and  developing  the  Peninsular  and  Mediterra- 
nean branch  of  their  service  ;  but  in  1863  they  determined 
to  vigorously  prosecute  the  Glasgow  and  New  York  trade, 
and  in  that  year  built  the  "  Caledonia  "  and  "  Britannia," 
and  to  which  they  have  yearly  added  by  constructing  on 
the  Clyde,  and  engining  at  the  celebrated  Finnieston 
Steamship  Works,  larger  and  swifter  boats,  until  now  their 
fleet  is  the  largest  in  the  Atlantic  trade,  numbering  as  many 
steamers  as  there  are  States  in  the  Union,  and  having 
merited  and  gained  the  public  confidence  in  a  shorter  space 


of  time  than  any  other  line.  This  result  has  been  attained 
as  other  similar  results  are  obtained  in  all  business  matters 
— by  honorable  and  fair  dealing — by  earnestly  endeavoring 
to  anticipate  and  meet  the  wants  of  the  trade — by  preferring 
safety  to  speed,  caution  to  recklessness,  and  the  comfort  and 
welfare  of  patrons  to  a  few  hours  saved  in  time — by  the 
well-known  liberal  policy  adopted — the  combination  of 
facilities  afforded,  as  well  as  the  intrinsic  merit  possessed. 
The  Anchor  Line  now  reckons  the  capital  invested  in  its 
undertakings  by  millions  ;  is  one  of  those  "  great  facts," 
inaugurated,  maintained,  and  carried  on  by  private  enter- 
prise, not  only  unsupported  by,  but  from  which  Govern- 
ment stands  aloof,  regarding  the  individual  efforts  of  this 
line  as  sacred  ground  on  which  it  has  no  right  to  trespass. 

In  1868-'70  the  only  serious  disasters  befell  the  compa- 
ny, and  in  a  few  months  they  chronicled  the  losses  of  the 
"Hibernia,"  "United  Kingdom,"  and  "Cambria."  The 
court  of  investigation  and  inquiry,  ordered  by  the  British 
Government,  rendered  their  verdict,  "  That  the  '  Hibernia ' 
was  a  strong  and  faithfully-built  ship,  that  her  structure  and 
the  machinery  of  her  engine-department  were  sufficient,  and 
that  the  diameter  of  the  shaft  was  in  proportion  to  the  size 
of  her  engines."  The  newspapers  of  the  day,  while  lament- 
ing the  losses,  attributed  the  inexplicable  mysteries  to  causes 
beyond  human  skill  to  detect  or  provide  against,  adding : 
"  The  proprietors  of  The  Anchor  Line,  while  they  have 
reason  to  sorrow,  have  no  cause  to  be  ashamed  ;  it  was  a 
misfortune  against  which  they  could  not  provide.  It  can  do 
them  no  injury.  It  will  certainly  increase  public  confidence 
in  the  wisdom  and  excellence  of  their  management." 

The  peculiar  characteristics  and  features  of  The  Anchor 
Line  are  express  passenger-steamers — branch  lines — tribu- 
tary connections  with  steamboats  and  railroads — the  short- 
est routes  in  the  quickest  time,  and  at  the  lowest  rates — 
thus  combining  economy,  best  accommodations,  and  best  liv- 
ing, with  the  greatest  amount  of  comfort,  security,  and  safety 
attainable.  Their  style  of  doing  business  is  so  methodical 
and  is  conducted  with  such  intelligent  direction  that  by 
their  system  of  through-bills  of  lading  merchants  at  the 
interior  commercial  centres  can  transport  across  the  ocean 
goods  of  any  description,  and  with  express  promptitude,  reg- 
ularity, and  dispatch.  By  their  parcel  express  system,  a 
package  of  any  size  or  dimensions  can  be  handled  with  care, 
and  forwarded  to  and  from  any  city  in  the  world.  By  the 
medium  of  their  houses  and  agencies  throughout  the  world, 
money  can  be  remitted,  banking  privileges  extended,  and 
payments  made  in  any  city,  either  by  draft,  letter  of  credit, 
or  cable  transfer.  By  their  prepaid  department,  which  '  a 
specialty  with  this  company,  a  passage-ticket  can,  by  one 
payment,  be  secured  to  bring  friends  from  their  homes  in 


THE  ANCHOR  LINE  OF  STEAMERS. 


97 


the  old  country  to  any  part  of  America.  By  their  special 
arrangements  with  subsidiary  and  connecting  lines  of  steam- 
boats and  railroads,  the  passengers  by  this  line  can  be  booked 
and  forwarded  on  through-tickets  to  and  from  any  seaport 
or  railway-station,  securing  transportation  on  desirable 
routes  throughout  the  world. 

The  company,  at  their  own  founderies  and  workshops  at 
Glasgow,  build,  engine,  and  completely  hit  out  every  steamer, 
give  direct  and  exclusive  employment  to  about  seven  thou- 
sand men,  and  means  of  support  to  at  least  thirty  thousand 
persons ;  they  own  the  largest  and  most  extensive  ship-build- 
ing and  engineering  establishment  on  the  Clyde,  and  also 
the  only  dry  or  graving  dock  in  Glasgow.  No  other  steam- 
company  in  the  world  enjoy  within  themselves  such  neces- 
sary and  excellent  establishments.  To  have  the  appliances 
and  requirements  for  properly  conducting  their  business 
in  New  York,  the  company  leased  Tiers  20  and  21  North 
River,  on  which  they  have  erected  piers,  bulkheads,  build- 
ings, warehouses,  and  sheds,  at  an  expense  of  three  hundred 
thousand  dollars;  have  stationary  and  portable  steam-en- 
gines for  discharging  and  loading  cargoes  ;  have  the  offices 
on  the  piers  and  at  Bowling  Green  connected  by  electric 
wires,  and  their  general  offices  in  immediate  and  direct  tele- 
graphic communication  with  all  parts  of  the  world. 

The  "  way  to  Europe  "  by  The  Anchor  Line  route  is  the 
shortest,  cheapest,  and  best ;  the  most  direct,  pleasant,  and 
desirable,  and  the  only  one  by  which  travellers  can  view  the 
far-famed  Giant's  Causeway,  and  the  beautiful  scenery  of 
the  Frith  and  river  Clyde,  and,  which  is  universally  ad- 
mitted by  all  who  have  made  the  trip  to  Europe  via  Scot- 
land, is  a  sight  well  worth  the  time  and  expense  of  crossing 
the  ocean. 

The  year  built,  names,  and  gross  tonnage,  of  the  com- 
pany's fleet  are : 


Tear 

built.  Name. 
1866.  Acadia  


Tonnage. 
...  749 

1870.  Alexandria   1,630 

1869.  Anglia  2,142 

1871.  Assyria   1,632 

1870.  Australia   3,140 

Bolivia  (building). 

1863.  Britannia   1,392 

1863.  Caledonia   2,390 

1872.  "  L'ngth'd&reengined. 
1872.  California   3,287 

Casta! ia  (building). 

1866.  Columbia   1,698 

1870.  Dispatch,  steam-tender. 

1863.  Dom  Pedro   295 

1868.  Dorian   1,036 

Elysia  (building). 
Ethiopia,  " 

1867.  Europa   1,701 

In  this  sure  and  steady  progress  is  discovered  an  impor- 
tant element  contributing  to  the  success  of  The  Anchor 


Tear 

built.  Name.  Tonnage. 

1869.  India   2.222 

1864.  Iowa   2,114 

1870.  Ismailia   1,629 

1872.  Italia   2,450 

1871.  Olympia   2,051 

1864.  Napoli   843 

1865.  Roma   657 

1865.  Scandinavia   1,230 

1866.  Scotia   632 

1869.  Shamrock.-   2,000 

1870.  Sidonian   1,235 

1871.  Trinacria   2,247 

1867.  Trojan   744 

1869.  Tyrian   1,039 

Utopia  (building). 

1865.  Valetta   656 

1865.  Venezia   656 

1872.  Victoria.   3,242 


Line  :  neither  in  advance  nor  behind,  but  always  up  to  the 
times;  in  vital  points  never  experimenting,  while  always 
ready  to  adopt  any  improvement  thoroughly  tested  by 
others  ;  continually  Anglicizing  American  ideas  and  Yankee 
notions ;  avoiding  equally  extravagance  and  parsimony ; 
carefully  studying  the  nature  of  the  service  in  which  it  is 
engaged,  and  so  far  as  possible  guarding  against  every 
contingency,  the  success  of  this  line  has  been  the  most  re- 
markable in  the  annals  of  steam-shipping.  Their  vessels 
are  plying  constantly  between  Glasgow  and  New  York ; 
they  steam  to  and  fro  during  all  seasons,  amid  all  dan- 
gers, in  spite  of  all  contingencies,  with  as  much  regulari- 
ty as  the  ferry-boats  which  cross  our  rivers ;  they  come 
and  go,  bringing  and  taking  their  precious  lading,  and  we 
have  now  come  to  consider  it  all  as  a  matter  of  course. 
"  Providence  helps  those  who  help  themselves."  By  wise 
forethought,  patient  care,  and  good  management,  they  have 
subjected  Fortune,  they  have  commanded  success  ;  "  they 
have  done  more — they  have  deserved  it." 

The  ships  in  construction  are  staunch  and  thorough  ;  in 
hull  and  machinery  the  best  material,  the  most  skilful  me- 
chanism, and  the  most  approved  designs,  are  made  use  of; 
are  sent  to  sea  in  the  best  condition ;  are  navigated  under 
strict  and  thorough  discipline,  and  competent  and  expe- 
rienced seamanship.  Each  captain  must  have  served  as 
first-officer  in  the  employ  of  the  company,  and  each  first- 
officer  must  have  been  a  captain  in  some  other  service.  The 
pecuniary  success  of  the  line  has  been  fully  commensurate 
with  its  prosperity  otherwise.  In  nine  years  it  has  grown 
to  a  fleet,  including  those  in  branch  lines,  of  nearly  forty 
vessels,  and  forming  without  exception  the  most  splendid 
array  of  ocean-steamers  ever  possessed  by  one  company,  as 
well  as  being  the  oldest  existing  line  that  successfully 
struggled  into  life  without  the  nursing-pap  of  legislative 
subsidy.  In  seven  years  they  have  more  than  quadrupled 
the  trade  between  Glasgow  and  New  York,  as  will  be  seen 
from  the  following  comparative  table  of  the  number  and  ton- 
nage of  the  vessels  arrived  at  Glasgow  from  New  York  : 

1865.  8  sailing   24  steam  Aggregate,  30,260  tons. 

1866.  18  "    38  "    "  55,120  " 

1867.  16  "    52  "    "  72,900  " 

1868.  11  "    53  "    "  72,060  " 

1869.  24  "    60  "    "  86,842  " 

1870.  24  "    83  "    "  114,400  " 

1871.  31  "    98  "    "  141,690  " 

Pliny  said,  "  The  beginnings  of  a  river  are  insignificant, 
and  its  infancy  frivolous."  Such  was  emphatically  the  case 
with  the  fountains  of  The  Anchor  Line  river,  but  under  Hen- 
dersonian  influence  and  guidance  its  borders  widened,  and  its 
channels  deepened ;  tributary  streams,  not  less  valuable  than 
the  gold-laden  waters  of  the  Pactolus,  were  turned  to  swell 


TUE  ANCHOR  LINE  OF  STEAMERS. 


98 

the  increasingly  noble  stream,  unfil  now  this  mountain-tor- 
rent has  become  the  Amazon,  the  "  Father  of  Waters,"  and, 
while  admitting  the  tides  for  hundreds  of  miles,  yet  is  so 
far  from  meeting  our  ordinary  notion  of  an  estuary,  that  its 
influence  is  felt  for  many  hundreds  of  miles  on  the  ocean  of 
commerce,  and,  while  gathering  its  tribute  from  both  hemi- 
spheres, presents  proportions  of  such  gigantic  exter.t  that 
the  ownership  of  this  Tmolus  will  in  future  ages  be  known 
as  the  source  of  the  modern  Croesus'  vast  wealth. 

The  Anchor  Line  is  replete  with  "  new  departures,"  in 
studying  and  gratifying  the  wants  of  the  travelling  and 
mercantile  community,  and  in  affording  all  possible  facili- 
ties for  the  speedier  and  more  efficient  transit  of  goods  and 
passengers,  and,  the  more  effectually  to  accomplish  this  end, 
built  and  equipped  several  steamers  for  branch  lines  in  con- 
cert with  their  Atlantic  service,  and,  until  more  are  built, 
arrangements  have  been  made  on  the  largest  scale,  for 
"  through-traffic  "  with  every  available  port  on  the  globe, 

THE  ATLANTIC  SERVICE 

is  the  Grand  Trunk  of  the  line  ;  the  steamers  on  this  station 
ply  between  Glasgow  and  New  York  (calling  at  Moville  to 
land  and  embark  passengers  only),  leaving  each  port  every 
Wednesday  and  Saturday ;  booking  passengers  on  through- 
tickets,  and  carrying  goods  on  through-bills  of  lading  to  and 
from  all  commercial  centres  on  both  sides  of  the  ocean. 

THE  MEDITERRANEAN  SERVICE. 

The  steamers  leave  Glasgow  weekly  for  Lisbon,  Gibral- 
tar, Genoa,  Leghorn,  Naples,  Messina,  and  Palermo ;  fort- 
nightly for  Yenice,  Trieste,  and  ports  in  the  Adriatic; 
monthly  for  Algiers,  Tunis,  Malta,  and  Alexandria ;  and,  as 
freight  and  passengers  offer,  touching  at  Patras,  Syra,  Con- 
stantinople, Smyrna,  etc.  ;  in  fact,  these  steamers  traverse  the 
Mediterranean  in  every  direction,  where  a  port  is  to  found 
of  any  importance,  in  trading-affairs;  and,  for  those  who 
are  in  search  of  pleasure  in  those  classic  quarters,  this  line 
will  be  found  convenient  and  available.  The  terms  are  ex- 
ceedingly moderate,  and  are  especially  deserving  of  the 
tourist's  notice.  The  round  voyage  from  and  to  New  York, 
usually  occupying  about  ten  or  twelve  weeks,  presents  a  route 
of  almost  unequalled  interest.  Landing  at  Glasgow,  the 
tourist  may  spend  a  week  or  two  amid  the  Scottish  scenery 
immortalized  by  Scott,  Burns,  etc.  Resuming  the  voyage  at 
pleasure,  he  can  in  turn  visit  Lisbon,  Gibraltar,  Genoa,  Leg- 
horn, Pisa,  Florence,  Rome,  Naples,  Sicily,  Yenice,  Trieste, 
or  such  other  points  as  time  and  inclination  may  warrant ; 
he  may  break  the  journey  at  any  port  or  ports,  proceeding 
by  the  succeeding  steamers  of  the  company  till  they  reach 
their  destination.    The  ticket  also  entitles  him  to  return  to 


America,  either  via  Glasgow,  or  direct  from  the  Mediterra- 
nean, as  he  may  prefer.  The  steamers  generally  stay  at 
Gibraltar,  Malta,  and  Messina,  one  day;  at  Leghorn,  Genoa, 
Naples,  Palermo,  two  days;  Trieste  and  Alexandria,  six  or 
eight  clays. 

THE  MEDITERRANEAN  AND  ATLANTIC  SERVICE 
was  established  in  1867,  to  facilitate  the  trade  in  green  and 
dried  fruits,  dyestuffs,  wines,  and  other  products  of  the  Le- 
vant, and  each  season  bring  to  oar  shores  thousands  of  tons 
of  prunes,  currants,  and  raisins,  and  hundreds  of  thousands  of 
boxes  of  oranges  and  lemons.  The  steamers  are  dispatched 
from  Genoa,  Leghorn,  Naples,  Messina,  Palermo,  Marseilles, 
and  Gibraltar,  for  New  York  direct,  once  a  fortnight,  and 
from  Trieste  and  Yenice  once  a  month.  Steamers  also  leave 
Yalencia,  Denia,  Almeria,  Malaga,  and  Patras,  for  New 
York,  once  a  fortnight  during  the  months  of  August,  Sep- 
tember, and  October,  in  each  year.  Attempts  have  also 
been  made  to  establish  steamers  from  New  York  to  the 
Mediterranean,  and,  if  trade  warrants  a  successful  and  per- 
manent traffic,  the  line  will  be  instrumental  in  conferring  a 
great  boon  to  travellers,  who  may  wish  to  winter  in  Italy, 
and  to  cross  the  ocean  in  a  southern  direction  in  November 
or  December,  thereby  avoiding  the  rigors  of  a  winter  north- 
ern passage. 

THE  INDIAN  SERVICE. 

To  have  easy  and  frequent  intercourse  with  the  British 
possessions  in  India,  and  the  rich  commercial  settlements 
in  the  Indian  Archipelago,  Japan,  China,  Australia,  and 
New  Zealand,  The  Anchor  Line  made  arrangements  with 
the  contractors  of  the  mail  service  as  performed  by  the 
Peninsular  &  Oriental  and  British  India  Steam  Naviga- 
tion Companies,  and  are  now  prepared  to  receive  and  for- 
ward goods  and  passengers,  via  Alexandria  and  Suez  Canal, 
to  Aden,  Bombay,  Ceylon,  Madras,  Calcutta,  Rangoon, 
Moulmein,  Penang,  Singapore,  Batavia,  Hong-Kong,  Shang- 
hai, Foochow,  Yokohama,  Australia,  New  Zealand,  and  all 
principal  seaports  east  of  the  Red  Sea.  To  perform  this 
service  a  steamer  leaves  Glasgow  monthly  for  Alexandria. 

THE  NORTH-SEA  SERVICE. 

On  the  Northern  or  Scandinavian  service  several  steam- 
ers are  employed  between  the  ports  of  Copenhagen,  Gothen- 
burg, Christiania,  Christiansand,  Bergen,  Drontheim,  and 
Granton,  Scotland  ;  thence  to  Glasgow  by  railroad  in  one 
hour.  This  brings  passengers  into  close  connection,  both 
ways,  with  the  Atlantic  steamers  to  and  from  New  York. 

The  passage  from  Scotland  to  Norway,  one  and  a  half 
day;  to  Sweden,  two  days.  Excursionists  can  spend  one, 
two,  or  three  weeks  in  Norway  or  Sweden  respectively ;  or, 


THE  AXCIIOR  LINE  OF  STEAMERS. 


99 


by  landing  at  Christiania,  can  proceed  by  land  or  sea  to 
Gothenburg,  and  thus  be  enabled  to  travel  through  a  con- 
siderable part  of  both  countries,  and  make  the  round  trip 
in  nine  days,  with  opportunities  of  visiting  the  capital  cities 
of  Norway  and  Sweden  ;  of  enjoying  the  delightful  summer 
climate  of  Scandinavia,  amid  the  finest  scenery  on  the  Con- 
tinent of  Europe,  or,  by  extending  their  trips,  can  proceed  to 
Hammerfejt,  and  there  witness  the  wonderful  spectacle  of 
a  midnight  sun. 

NATIONAL  STEAM  NAVIGATION  COMPANY  (LIMITED). 

In  1864:  Cunard  and  Intnan  had  undisputed  sway  of  the 
steam  carrying  trade  between  Liverpool  and  New  York. 
Neither  of  the  companies  engaged  in  this  vast  field  of  enter- 
prise at  that  time  embraced  the  golden  opportunities  of  the 
proud  position  they  then  occupied,  and,  instead  of  prevent- 
ing opposition  by  supplying  the  rapidly-increasing  trade 
with  the  requisite  tounage,  allowed  the  "  impressionable  cir- 
cumstances of  the  hour  "  to  float  heedlessly  past,  while  they 
employed  their  time  running  a  tilt  to  obtain  "a  mail-con- 
tract." Several  Liverpool  merchants,  seeing  their  opportu- 
nity, embraced  the  opeuing  as  presented,  placing  four  large- 
sized  freight-steamers  on  the  berth,  and  shortly  afterward 
formed  the  undertaking  on  a  joint-stock  basis,  with  the  title 
of  the  National  Steam  Navigation  Company,  Limited,  after- 
ward altered  to  its  present  title,  The  National  Steamship 
Company,  Limited.  The  company  have  lost  steamships 
"  Georgia  "  and  "  Scotland,"  and  have  since  enlarged  their 
older  and  smaller  boats.  The  fleet  now  comprises  twelve 
6teamers,  the  largest  in  the  trade. 

1864.  Canada,      3,286  tons,  lengthened  1872,  formerly  Pennsylvania. 

1865.  Denmark,    2,424  tons,  formerly  Chilian. 
1870.  Egypt,        2,960  tons. 

1865.  England,  2,249  tons. 

1864.  Erin,  2,766  tons. 

1867.  France,  2,429  tons. 

1864.  Greece,  2.524  tons,  lengthened  1871,  formerly  Virginia. 

1865.  Helvetia,  2,769  tons. 

1865.  Holland,  2,462  tons,  lengthened  1871,  formerly  Louisiana. 
1870.  Italy,  2,437  tons. 

1870.  Spain,  2,876  tons. 

1866.  The  Queen,  3,324  tons. 

"We  have  now  to  chronicle  the  last  attempt  at  running 
American  steamers. 

In  1866,  Messrs.  Ruger  Brothers  of  New  York,  with 
associates,  started  the  North  American  Lloyds,  which 
company  purchased  the  steamers  "  Atlantic,"  "  Baltic,"  and 
"  "Western  Metropolis,"  and  chartered  the  "  Ericsson," 
"  Merrimack,"  "  Mississippi,"  and  "  Northern  Light,"  run- 
ning them  between  New  York  and  Bremen,  touching  at 
Southampton  both  wavs.  The  scheme  was  unsuccessful, 
and  in  1867,  in  connection  with  other  associates,  the  New 


York  and  Bremen  Steamship  Company  was  formed.  The 
"  Atlantic,"  "  Baltic,"  and  "  Western  Metropolis."  were 
taken  over,  the  "  Northern  Light  "  was  chartered,  and  these 
four  steamers  plied  between  New  York  and  Bremen,  but 
with  no  better  results  than  attended  the  previous  company. 
In  1868  Messrs.  Ruger  chartered  the  "Arago,"  "Ariel," 
"Circassian,"  "Northern  Light,"  and  "  Quaker  City,"  and 
ran  them  between  New  York  and  Bremen,  touching  out  oc- 
casionally at  Southampton  or  Havre,  and  then  abandoned 
the  field  to  the  North-German  Lloyds. 

In  1869  Messrs.  Ruger  chartered  the  steamers  "Ariel," 
"  Fulton,"  "  Guiding  Star,"  "  Northern  Light,"  and  "  San- 
tiago de  Cuba."  placing  them  on  the  route  to  and  from 
New  York,  Stettin,  Copenhagen,  and  Christiansand,  for 
one  trip ;  and  with  but  indifferent  success,  for,  next  year 
(1870),  they  chartered  the  "  Ocean  Queen  "  and  "  Rising 
Star,"  and  that  for  one  trip  only.  And  with  this  voyage  of 
the  "  Rising  Star  "  set  the  last  attempt  at  running  Amer- 
ican steamers  in  the  oceanic  heavens. 

LIVERPOOL  AND  GREAT  WESTERN"  STEAMSHIP  COM- 
PANY, LIMITED. 

In  order  to  successfulty  establish  the  National  Company 
on  a  firm  footing,  the  directors  judiciously  appointed  the 
well-known  and  long-established  shipping-house  of  "Wil- 
liams &  Guion  as  their  New  York  agents,  but  in  two  years 
withdrew  their  agency,  when  that  firm,  in  connection  with 
the  Liverpool  house  of  Guion  &  Co.,  established  the  Liver- 
pool and  Great  "Western  Steamship  Company,  Limited. 

In  1870  when  Cunard  and  Inman  refused  to  carry  the 
United  States  mails,  unless  at  prices  deemed  exorbitant, 
the  Postmaster-General  made  a  contract  with  the  Guion 
Line  to  convey  the  United  States  mails  to  Queenstown  on 
Wednesdays,  for  two  years,  and  at  the  expiration  the  con- 
tract was  renewed  for  two  years. 

The  company  having  lost  two  steamers,  the  "  Chicago  " 
and  the  "  Colorado,"  the  present  fleet  now  afloat  and  build- 


ing is  : 

Year.         Name.  Tons. 

— — .  Dakota   Building 

1869.  Idaho   2,025 

1866.  Manhattan   1,951 

1867.  Minnesota   1,964 


Tear.        Name.  Tons. 

 .  Montana   Building 

1868.  Nevada   2,020 

1870.  Wisconsin   2,060 

1870.  Wyoming  2,081 


OCEANIC  STEAM  NAVIGATION  COMPANY,  LIMITED. 

"  Happy  is  the  country  that  hath  no  history,"  said 
Goethe ;  but  the  great  German  poet  would  scarcely  have 
expressed  the  same  remark  if  he  had  been  speaking  of 
steamship  companies  instead  of  nations.  That  there  is  an 
advantage  in  possessing  a  reputation  and  a  history  in  the 
prosecution  of  an  ocean-trade,  few  can  doubt.    Yet  every 


100 


THE  ANCHOR  LINE  OF  STEAMERS. 


successful  steamship  company  now  in  existence  had  once  a 
beginning,  and  the  "  Oceanic  "  is  now  just  in  the  fresh 
hopefulness  of  infancy,  wi tli  an  immense  field  for  judicious 
enterprise  in  both  the  Atlantic  and  Pacific  Oceans  opening 
up  to  its  view. 

The  extension  of  steam  navigation,  both  in  Britain  and 
America,  is  one  of  the  greatest  wonders  of  the  age ;  and  yet, 
while  it  was  so  "  gloriously  triumphant  elsewhere,"  the  his- 
torian for  five  years  cast  his  horoscope  and  replied  he  "  dis- 
covers no  rising  radiant  star." 

But  in  1870  he  announced  that  another  candidate  for 
public  favor  appears,  to  contest  the  supremacy  of  the  ocean. 
Its  advent  was  heralded  by  great  flourishing  of  trumpets. 
The  Western  world  was  astonished  with  the  dazzling  splen- 
dor of  this  "White  Star,"  advertising"  the  six  largest  steam- 
ers in  the  world,"  5,000  tons  burden,  3,000  horse-power, 
and  copying  from  the  little  "  Comet's"  advertisement  of  25 
tons  burden  and  3  horse-power,  that  the  "  elegance,  comfort, 
safety,  and  speed  of  the  vessel,  require  only  to  be  proved  to 
meet  the  approbation  of  the  public." 

The  boats  are  of  great  length,  with  narrow  beam,  aver- 
aging 440  feet,  and  41  feet  breadth ;  the  length  being  nearly 
eleven  times  their  width,  showing  a  vast  difference  to  Cap- 
tain Noah's  notion  of  proportionate  ship-building. 

After  running  a  year,  the  directors  of  this  company  con- 
templated placing  some  of  their  boats  on  the  trade  between 
Liverpool  and  the  west  coast  of  South  America,  where  the 
"  Pacific  "  seas  are  better  adapted  to  them  than  the  boister- 
ous "Atlantic,"  and  to  which  ocean  they  are  now  sent,  as 
new  steamers  are  being  built. 

This  company,  as  well  as  all  others  in  the  trade  between 
Liverpool  and  New  York,  calculate  the  length  of  their  pas- 
sages to  and  from  Sandy  Hook  and  Queenstown,  while 
The  Anchor  Line  calculate  their  passages  from  New  York 
to  the  Clyde ;  and,  from  a  reference  to  the  records  of  the 
passages  of  the  new  steamers  of  TnE  Anchor  Line,  we  find 
that  passengers  by  them  reach  Scotland  much  quicker  than 
those  who  take  passage  by  the  Liverpool  steamers  sailing 
same  day. 

The  steamers  at  present  comprising  the  fleet  of  the 
Oceanic  Company  are,  with  their  tonnage  taken  from  the 
"  Underwriters'  Registry  of  Iron  Steamers,"  which  authority 
gives  the  horse-power  of  each  as  600  : 

Tear.        Name.  .  Tons.     Year.        Name.  Tons. 

1870.  Oceanic  ?2,350    1871.  Republic   2,187 

1870.  Atlantic   2,366    1871.  Adriatic   2,458 

1871.  Baltic   2,350   .  Celtic   Building 


We  cannot  close  these  skeleton  sketches  without  refer- 
ring to  several  abortive  attempts  that  have  been  made  by 
screw-lines  ever  hunting  for  a  home  and  a  new  trade. 

The  "  General  Screw  Steam  Shipping  Company  "  had 
from  the  first  lost  money,  although  they  had  nine  fine 
steamers,  and  were  compelled  finally  to  close  up  and  sell 
out.  Mr.  Croskey,  the  United  States  consul  at  Southamp- 
ton, supposed  they  might  be  put  into  a  new  trade,  and 
make  a  living  on  a  smaller  capital  stock ;  that  is,  if  the 
new  company  should  get  them  at  half  their  value.  The 
transfer  was  made,  and  the 

EUROPEAN  AND  AMERICAN  STEAMSHIP  COMPANY 

Was  established.  Some  of  the  steamers  were  put  upon 
the  trade  between  Bremen,  London,  Southampton,  and 
New  York,  and  some  on  other  routes ;  none  of  the  lines 
paid,  and  Mr.  Croskey  freely  acknowledged  that  the  new 
company  would  have  been  ruined  but  for  the  Indian  re- 
volt, which  enabled  him  to  charter  five  of  the  vessels  to  the 
Government  at  good  prices,  for  the  conveyance  of  troops 
by  way  of  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope  to  India.  Shortly  after 
the  termination  of  these  charters  the  company  disbanded. 
The  boats  were  named  "Argo,"  "  Calcutta,"  "  Golden 
Fleece,"  "Hydaspes,"  "Indiana,"  "Jason,"  "Lady  Joce- 
lyn,"  and  "  Queen  of  the  South." 

LIVERPOOL,  PORTLAND,  AND  NEW  YORK  LINE 

Consisted  of  steamers  "  Antelope  "  "  Circassian,"  "  Gen- 
eral Williams,"  and  "  Khersonese,"  were  about  1,500  tons 
each,  and  ran  via  St.  John,  Newfoundland,  could  not 
pay,  were  withdrawn,  and  chartered  for  the  East  Indies. 

THE  GALWAY  LINE 

Does  not  deserve,  to  be  ranked  with  the  praiseworthy 
efforts  of  legitimate  companies.  It  was  a  miserable  attempt 
of  the  British  Government  to  secure  Irish  political  patron- 
age, and  resulted  in  ignominious  disaster. 

THE  LONDON  AND  NEW  YORK  LINE 

Owned  steamers  "  Atalanta,"  "  Bellona,"  "  Cella,"  and 
"  Paraguay  ;  "  and,  after  running  between  London,  Havre, 
and  New  York,  for  seven  years  with  varied  success,  were 
obliged  to  leave  the  station  and  seek  employment  amid 
pastures  green  and  verdure  new. 


CONDENSED  HISTORY  OF  LOCOMOTION. 


"It  is  assumed  that  a  line  of  railway  gives  access  to  fifteen  square  miles  of  country  on  each  side  of  it,  or  thirty  square  miles  altogether  ;  then 
tlie  thirteen  thousand  miles  of  railway  which  it  is  estimated  have  been  constructed,  during  the  five  years  from  1865  to  1870,  will  have  opened  up 
three  hundred  and  ninety  thousand  miles  of  what,  for  the  purposes  of  general  production,  may  be  considered  new  territory — a  tract  of  country 
larger  than  the  whole  area  of  France,  and  nearly  three  and  a  half  times  larger  than  the  whole  area  of  Great  Britain." — Commissioner  Wells. 


Every  thing  about  the  growth,  development,  and  ad- 
ministration of  our  modern  railroads  is  on  so  gigantic  a  scale 
that  one  contemplates  almost  with  incredulity  the  principal 
points  or  stages  of  their  advance  from  their  rude  prototype, 
the  tramways,  to  the  perfect  construction  of  steel  ways  on 
our  greatest  lines  of  1872. 

Railroads  were  not  built,  as  is  generally  supposed,  as 
pathways  for  locomotives;  the  latter  are  of  modern  inven- 
tion, while  railroads,  or  tramways,  as  they  were  at  first 
called,  have  been  used  for  centuries  in  transporting  min- 
eral products  from  mines  to  places  of  shipment.  The  first 
railways  were  merely  wooden  wheel  ways  laid  in  the  ordi- 
nary roads  to  lessen  the  friction,  and  render  the  work  easier 
for  the  horse,  prior  to  which,  hard,  smooth-surfaced,  and  solid 
track-ways,  constructed  of  blocks  of  stone  closely  fitting 
together,  were  nsed  for  facilitating  the  transport  of  heavy- 
laden  wheeled  vehicles.  Timber  rails  were  nsed  for  one 
hundred  and  fifty  years,  when  in  1767  the  experiment  was 
tried  of  covering  the  wooden  rails  of  a  tramroad  with  a  plat- 
ing of  iron.  The  experiment  was  successful,  and  a  few  years 
afterward  rails  wholly  of  cast-iron  began  to  be  constructed. 
In  1793  wooden  sleepers  were  superseded  by  stone  ones. 
Until  1801,  the  rails  were  all  of  the  kind  called  flat  rail,  or 
tram-plate  with  a  flange  or  turn-up  on  the  inside.  About 
that  year  edge-rails  began  to  be  used,  the  flange  then  being 
on  the  wheel. 

About  the  year  1800  a  thoughtful  Scotchman  stood  look- 
ing at  a  small  train  of  coal-wagons  impelled  by  steam 
along  a  tramroad  which  connected  the  mouth  of  one  of  the 


collieries  in  the  north  of  England  with  the  wharf  at  which  the 
coals  were  shipped.  "  Why,"  he  asked  of  a  by-stander,  "  are 
not  these  tramroads  laid  down  all  over  Britain,  so  as  to  super- 
sede our  common  roads,  and  steam-engines  employed  to  con- 
vey goods  and  passengers  along  with  them,  so  as  to  supersede 
horse-power  ? " 

The  by-stander  replied  :  "  Just  you  propose  that  to  the 
nation,  sir,  and  see  what  you  will  get  by  it !  Why,  sir,  you 
will  be  worried  to  death  for  your  pains." 

Nothing  more  was  said,  but  the  intelligent  traveller 
could  think  of  nothing  by  day,  nor  dream  of  any  thing  by 
night,  but  tramroads,  locomotive  steam-engines,  horse-power 
superseded  !  The  idea  he  had  conceived  continued  to  infest 
his  brain,  and  would  not  be  driven  out.  Tramroads,  loco- 
motive steam-engines,  horse-power  superseded  ! — he  would 
talk  of  nothing  else  with  his  friends.  At  length  he  broached 
the  scheme  openly;  hardly  anybody  would  listen  to  him; 
still  he  persevered,  dinning  into  the  public  ears  the  same 
wearisome  words,  receiving  little  encouragement  from 
statesmen  and  politicians,  and  none  from  theoretical  phi- 
losophers. But  at  length  a  few  commercial  men  began  to  be 
interested  in  his  plan,  and  the  consequence  was,  that  railways 
have  been  constructed  and  are  in  progress  in  all  parts  of  the 
civilized  world.  Philosophers  speculate  on  the  astonishing 
effects  which  such  a  means  of  rapid  locomotion  must  have 
on  the  character  and  prospects  of  the  whole  human  race ; 
by  means  of  railways  distant  countries  become  familiar  to 
all,  and  the  only  question  is,  Where  will  this  railway -im- 
pulse end  ?    Into  what  strange  condition  of  humanity  is  it 


102 


THE  ANCHOR  LINE  OF  STEAMERS. 


leading  us?  And  the  beginning  of  all  this  was  the  dream 
of  a  thoughtful  man,  looking,  about  some  seventy  years  ago, 
at  some  coal-wagons  running  along  a  tramroad  to  a  wharf. 

The  name  of  this  projector  of  a  general  rail  way -system 
is  Thomas  Gray,  who,  in  1820,  explained  his  scheme  to  the 
public  in  a  work  entitled  "Observations  on  a  General  Iron 
Railway,  or  Land  Steam  Conveyance,  to  supersede  the 
necessity  of  horses  in  all  public  vehicles  ;  showing  its  vast 
superiority  in  every  respect  over  all  the  present  pitiful  meth- 
ods of  conveyance  by  turnpike-roads,  canals,  and  coasting- 
traders,  containing  every  species  of  information  relative  to 
railroads  and  locomotive  engines." 

The  first  record  we  have  of  rails  being  used  on  roadways 
was  in  1630,  but  it  was  not  until  the  year  1800  that  the  idea 
of  employing  them  for  general  purposes  of  traffic  was  sug- 
gested. For  twenty  years  thereafter  horse-posver  alone  was 
used.  On  the  18th  November,  1822,  the  first  locomotive, 
and  on  the  27th  September,  1825,  the  first  passenger-coach 
that  ever  ran  on  a  railroad,  started  on  its  experimental  trip 
(with  the  directors  and  their  friends),  on  the  opening  of  the 
Stockton  &  Darlington  Coal-road  Railway.  Mr.  W.  H. 
Brown,  in  his  history  of  the  first  locomotive  in  America, 
says:  "This  vehicle  was  named  the  'Experiment,'  and  was 
a  very  modest  and  uncouth-looking  affair,  made  more  for 
strength  than  beauty  ;  a  row  of  seats  ran  along  each  side  of 
the  interior,  and  a  long  table  was  fixed  in  the  centre,  the 
access  being  by  a  door-way  behind,  like  an  omnibus  of  the 
present  day,  and  was  the  only  carriage  upon  the  road  for 
some  time.  It  was,  however,  the  forerunner  of  a  mighty 
traffic,  and,  soon  after,  new  and  more  improved  passenger- 
carriages  were  introduced  upon  the  road,  all  at  first  drawn 
by  horses. 


THE  FIRST  RAILWAY-COACH. 


"The  first  railway- coach,  the  'Experiment,'  was  regu- 
larly put  upon  the  road  for  passenger  use  on  10th  October, 
1825.    It  was  drawn  by  one  horse,  and  performed  a  jour- 


ney  each  way  daily  between  the  two  towns — twelve  miles — 
in  two  hours.  This  novel  way  of  travelling  soon  became 
popular,  and  eventually  proved  so  lucrative  and  extensive 
that  the  carriage  could  not  contain  the  applicants  for  a 
ride.  Inside  and  outside  it  was  crowded,  and  every  avail- 
able spot  was  occupied.  The  '  Experiment,'  however,  was 
not  worked  by  the  railwray  company  as  passenger-cars  are 
now,  but  was  let  to  other  parties,  they  paying  a  certain  toll 
for  the  use  of  the  road.  It  soon  became  a  lucrative  busi- 
ness ;  hotel-keepers  and  others  embarked  in  the  enterprise, 
and  a  strong  opposition  was  raised  up  between  the  rival 
owners  or  companies." 

At  the  completion  of  the  Liverpool  &  Manchester  Rail- 
road in  1829,  the  directors  had  not  determined  whether  to 
use  horse  or  steam  power,  and  if  the  latter,  whether  station- 
ary or  locomotive  engines.  The  road  was  only  forty  miles 
in  length,  yet  it  had  cost  four  million  dollars  !  Although 
horse-power  had  many  advocates,  steam  carried  the  day ; 
and  to  determine  whether  to  use  stationary  or  locomotive 
engines,  a  prize  of  £500  was  offered  for  an  engine  to  be 
ready  by  a  certain  time,  and  be  able  to  fulfil  certain  condi- 
tions ;  one  of  which  was,  that  the  engine  must  draw  twenty 
tons'  weight  at  a  speed  of  ten  miles  an  hour,  it  not  being 
considered  safe  to  travel  at  a  greater  speed.  So  absurd  were 
the  project  and  its  conditions  considered,  that  an  eminent 
Liverpool  gentleman  remarked  that  "only  a  parcel  of  char- 
latans would  have  issued  such  a  set  of  conditions  ;  that  it 
had  been  proved  to  be  impossible  to  make  a  locomotive- 
engine  to  go  ten  miles  an  hour,  but,  if  it  was  ever  done,  he 
would  undertake  to  eat  a  stewed  engine-wheel  for  his  break- 
fast." George  Stephenson  constructed  his  far-famed  "  Rock- 
et" engine,  entered  on  the  contest,  won  the  prize,  and  deter- 
mined the  question  of  the  use  of  locomotive-power,  not  only 
on  the  Liverpool  &  Manchester  road,  but  on  all  future  rail- 
roads; achieving  results  predicted  by  Dr.  Anderson,  of  Edin- 
burgh, when,  advocating,  in  1800,  propositions  to  build  rail- 
roads for  the  transportation  of  freight  and  passengers,  lie  said  : 
"  If  we  can  diminish  only  one  single  farthing  in  the  cost  of 
transportation  and  personal  intercommunication,  and  you 
at  once  widen  the  circle  of  intercourse,  you  form  as'  it  were 
a  new  creation— not  only  of  stone  and  earth,  of  trees  and 
plants,  but  of  men  also,  and,  what  is  of  far  greater  conse- 
quence, you  promote  industry,  happiness,  and  joy.  The 
cost  of  all  human  consumption  would  be  reduced,  the  facili- 
ties of  agriculture  promoted ;  time  and  distance  would  be 
almost  annihilated  ;  the  country  would  be  brought  nearer 
to  the  town  ;  the  number  of  horses  to  carry  on  traffic  would 
be  diminished ;  mines  and  manufactories  would  appear  in 
neighborhoods  hitherto  considered  almost  isolated  by  dis- 
tance ;  villages,  towns,  and  even  cities,  would  spring  up  all 


THE  ANCHOR  LIXE  OF  STEAMERS. 


103 


through  the  country ;  and  spots  now  silent  as  the  grave, 
would  be  enlivened  with  the  busy  hum  of  human  voices,  the 
sound  of  the  hammer,  and  the  clatter  of  machinery ;  the 
whole  country  would  be,  as  it  were,  revolutionized  with  life 
and  activity,  and  a  general  prosperity  would  be  the  result 
of  this  mighty  auxiliary  to  trade  and  commerce  throughout 
the  land." 

The  first  railroad  built  in  the  United  States  was  in  1827, 
from  the  Quincy  quarries  (Massachusetts)  to  the  river,  and 
extended  three  miles.  The  next  was  from  the  coal-mines  at 
Mauch  Chunk  to  the  Lehigh  Kiver,  which  was  nine  miles 
in  length,  and  was  built  in  1827-28. 

Next  year  the  Delaware  &  Hudson  Canal  Company 
constructed  a  road  from  their  coal-mines  at  Houesdale  to 
their  canal. 

On  the  4th  of  July,  1823,  Cliarles  Carroll,  of  Carroll  ton, 
the  only  survivor  of  the  signers  of  the  Declaration  of  Inde- 
pendence, and  then  over  ninety  years  of  age,  commenced  the 
construction  of  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  by  laying, 
amid  appropriate  and  imposing  ceremonies,  a  corner-stone, 
at  which  he  is  reported  to  have  said:  "I  consider  this 
among  the  most  important  acts  of  my  life,  second  only  to 
my  signing  the  Declaration  of  Independence,  if  even  sec- 
ond to  that."    This  road  was  the  first  established  in  the 


United  States  for  commercial  purposes  and  the  transporta- 
tion of  passengers  and  freight;  it  was  finished  in  1852,  and 
at  that  time  was  the  longest  railroad  in  the  world. 

In  the  same  year  (1828)  was  organized  and  commenced 
the  South  Carolina  or  Charleston  &  Hamburg  Eailroad,  the 
first  in  the  world  built  expressly  for  locomotive-power,  for 
general  freight  and  passenger  business,  and  on  which,  two 
years  afterward,  ran  the  first  and  second  locomotives  that 
were  built  in  America  for  actual  service  on  a  railroad.  This 
road  had  also  the  honor  of  having  laid  the  first  hundred 
consecutive  miles  of  iron  rails  ever  laid  on  any  road.  The 
spread  of  our  railroad  system  need  not  be  pursued  further 
than  merely  giving  the  decennial  increase  in  the  mileage  : 


1827.  .        3  miles  open. 
1831.  .     131     "  " 
1841.  .  3,877     "  " 


1851.  .  11,027  miles  open. 
1801.  .  31,769       "  " 
1871.  .  02,647       "  " 


The  great  growth  of  the  country  demands  more  lines 
from  the  seaboard  to  the  interior,  as  well  as  increasing  the 
numerous  feeders  of  the  prominent  trunk-lines,  and  it  is  es- 
timated that  about  40,000  miles  are  projected,  a  portion  of 
which  is  now  in  process  of  construction. 

As  a  point  of  interest,  we  will  give  sketches  of  the 
coaches  of  1831,  and  the  luxurious  drawing-room  palace- 
cars  of  1872. 


FIRST  LOCOMOTIVE  AND  TRAIN  OP  CARS  EVER  RUN  IN  THE  STAffE  OF  NEW  YORK. 


The  first  excursion-trip  with  a  train  of  passenger- 
coaches,  in  the  State  of  New  York,  was  on  the  Mohawk  & 
Hudson  Railroad  from  Albany  to  Schenectady,  on  August  9, 
1831.  Before  the  train  started,  a  sketch,  as  shown  above,  of 
the  locomotive,  tender,  and  the  first  two  of  the  number  of 
cars  in  the  train,  and  correct  likenesses  of  the  engineer  and 
passengers  represented  in  the  cars,  was  made  by  William  H. 
Brown,  one  of  the  excursionists,  cut  out  of  black  paper 
with  a  pair  of  scissors.  The  original  picture  was  presented 
by  the  artist  to  the  Connecticut  Historical  Society,  was 
about  six  feet  in  length,  and  is  yet  preserved  by  the  Society, 
and  highly  prized  for  its  antiquity  and  truthfulness.  The 
outside  seats  were  for  the  drivers  when  these  cars  had  been 
drawn  by  horse-power,  but  on  this  occasion  were  occupied 
by  the  excursionists. 

14 


Before  quitting  this  subject,  and  by  way  of  comparison 
between  the  old-fashioned  stage-coach-body  pattern  of  forty 
years  since,  as  shown  above,  and  the  splendid  drawing- 
room,  sleeping-  and  dining-room  saloon  palace-cars  of  the 
present  clay,  let  us,  while  contemplating  the  progress  of  the 
past,  wonderful  as  it  seems,  predict  that  it  will  be  entirely 
eclipsed  by  that  of  the  next  forty  years. 

There  are  no  exponents  of  the  development  of  a  country's 
wealth  in  recent  times  more  striking  than  the  railway  sta- 
tistics. During  the  past  twenty  years,  seventy  to  seventy- 
five  million  dollars  have  annually  been  sunk  in  the  railways 
of  Great  Britain,  and  the  amount  of  hard  casli  now  invested 
in  these  undertakings,  in  the  United  Kingdom  alone,  is 
$2,760,000,000,  yielding  last  year  gross  receipts  of  $245,- 
000,000,  and  a  net  revenue  of  4£  per  cent  on  the  paid-up 


lot 


THE  ANCHOR  LINE  OF  STEAMERS. 


PALACE-CAES  OF  THE  PRESENT  DAY. 


capital.  The  number  of  passengers  who  made  journeys 
was  375,220,000;  and  yet  Britain  has  only  one-tenth  of  the 
aggregate  of  the  world,  as  will  be  shown  by  the  following 
table  of  the 

EAILROADS  OF  THE  WORLD. 

Statement  showing  the  Approximate  Length  of  Railroads  in  all  Countries 
in  which  such  Works  existed  at  the  close  of  the  Year  1871. 


North  America.  * 

Miles.  Miles. 

United  States  of  America   62,647 

f  Ontario   1,619 

n     .  .      en      .  J  Quebec   784 

Dominion  of  Canada    Vew  Brtlnswick   341 

I  Nova  Scotia   334—  3,078 

United  States  of  Mexico   379  —  66,104 

West  Indies. 

Island  of  Cuba  (Spanish)   562 

Island  of  Jamaica  (British)   44 —  606 

SouTn  America. 

United  States  of  Colombia   48 

Venezuela   32 

Guiana    60 

Brazilian  Empire   1,134 

Paraguay   46 

Uruguay   29 

Argentine  Republic   707 

Bolivia   20 

Peru   397 

Chili   913  —  3,386 


70,096 


Miles.  Miles. 

Brought  forward   70,096 

Europe. 

Great  Britain  and  Ireland   16,792 

France    11,079 

Spain   4,416 

Portugal   809 

Swiss  Confederation   bP17 

Italy   6,197 

Germany   13,835 

Austria   6,960 

Belgium   1,869 

Holland   1,362 

Sweden  and  Norway   1,807 

Denmark   631 

Russia   10,173 

Turkey   1,318 

Greece  and  Ionian  Islands   217  —  78,482 

Asia. 

Turkey   143 

Persia   102 

British  Empire  in  India   5,496 

Java  (Dutch)   191 

Ceylon  (British)   37 

China   46 

Japan   17—  6,032 

Africa. 

Egypt   697 

Tunis   29  * 

Algeria  (French)   92 

Morocco    105 

Cape  Colony  and  Natal  (British)   269  —  1,192 

Australia   1,385 


Aggregate  of  the  world   157,187 


THE  ANCHOR  LINE  OF  STEAMERS. 


With  such  an  array  of  formidable  statistics  of  one  of  the 
ministers  of  the  service  of  mankind,  who  would  dare  doubt 
that  "  the  world  moves  ?  " 

"With  steamers  in  all  directions,  with  railways,  with 
telegraphs,  with  cheap  postage,  with  these  and  other  auxil- 
iaries, the  world  has  made  greater  progress  in  the  last  fifty 
years  than  over  before.  In  the  next  fifty  years  we  can 
hardly  imagine  that  there  will  be  a  further  advance  in  the 
arts  of  social  life,  in  general  intelligence,  power,  and  enjoy- 
ment, equal  to  the  advance  made  in.  the  past  half-century, 
but— 

"  We  think  oar  fathers  fools,  so  wise  we  grow  ; 
Oar  wiser  sons  will  doubtless  think  us  so." 

Still,  our  descendants  can  accomplish  no  reform  superior  in 
direct  and  daily  benefit  to  the  reform  carried  out  in  the 
postal  communication,  and  to  which  we  are  indebted  to 
steam  carrying  so  much  cheaper  than  post  horse;  no  new 
invention  to  match  the  steam-vessels  that  now  traverse  all 
seas,  "  asking  no  aid  of  wind  or  tide,"  or  the  railway's  iron 
pathway  crossing  the  plains,  tunnelling  the  mountains,  or 
bridging  the  valleys,  and  whkh  seem  to  realize  the  hyper- 
bolical wish  ridiculed  by  Pope,  of  "  annihilating  space  and 
time  to  make  two  lovers  happy  ; "  or  the  steam  printing- 
machines  that  place  knowledge  within  the  reach  of  the 
humblest,  scattering  their  twelve  millions  of  printed  sheets 
daily  over  the  world,  and  making  books  the  cheap  possession 
of  the  poor  as.  well  as  of  the  rich  ;  or  the  telegraph-wires  that 
cross  the  desert  and  mountain,  and  pass  below  the  deepest 
seas,  binding  together  in  commerce  and  brotherhood  people 
of  every  nation,  tribe,  and  tongue.  Even  the  magicians  in 
Arabian  tales  did  nothing  more  wonderful  than  compel  the 
lightning  to  carry  messages,  and  the  sun  to  paint  pictures; 
and  what  other  human  agent  can  be  so  like  celestial  power  as 
that  anaesthetic  agent,  chloroform,  by  which  we  suspend  the 
laws  of  Nature  in  order  to  banish  pain  and  avert  danger  \  " 
The  past  thirty  years  may  be  truly  called  the  infancy 
of  the  golden  age  of  commerce,  in  which  steam,  more  fully 


105 

enlisted  in  the  service  of  man,  won  its  greatest  victories 
over  the  land  and  the  sea,  vastly  augmenting  the  commer- 
cial dynamics  of  the  globe,  not  only  in  accelerating  and 
cheapening  the  transportation  of  the  products  of  inferior 
regions  to  the  seaboard,  but  in  practically  bridging  the 
oceans  themselves  and  conjoining  the  continents.  It  is  only 
thirty-four  years  since  the  first  ocean-steamer  found  its  soli- 
dary way  across  the  Atlantic;  now  numerous  fleets  of 
steamers  of  enormous  size  are  continually  ploughing  their 
way  over  all  seas  and  oceans.  At  that  time,  only  1.431 
miles  of  railway  had  been  constructed  in  America;  now 
there  are  62,617  miles  in  operation,  with  engines  doubled  in 
speed,  quadrupled  in  power,  and  untiringly  laboring  by  day 
and  night  in  transporting  and  exchanging  the  vast  and 
varied  products  of  the  globe.  In  1811,  Morse  sent  the  first 
telegraphic  message  by  electricity  11  miles,  from  Washing- 
ton to  Baltimore  ;  now  there  are  in  actual  operation  about 
900,000  miles  of  telegraphic  wire.  These  splendid  triumphs 
over  the  obstacles  of  Nature,  superadding,  to  the  preexist- 
ing forces  in  use  by  man,  a  power  equivalent  to  many  mill- 
ions of  human  laborers,  have  necessarily  caused  an  im- 
mense expansion  in  the  commerce  of  the  globe,  and  afford 
the  only  adequate  explanation  of  the  enormous  and  almost 
incredible  statement  that,  while,  during  the  period  under 
review,  the  population  of  Britain,  France,  and  the  United 
States,  increased  10  per  cent.,  the  foreign  trade  of  these 
three  leading  commercial  nations  had  increased  almost  500 
per  cent. 

In  the  United  States,  steam-power  is  employed  equal  to 
the  labor  of  150,000,000  men,  and  in  Great  Britain  equal  to 
450,000,000 ;  yet  ninety  years  since  the  man  who  invented 
the  engine  by  which  these  results  have  been  attained  could 
not  find  in  Glasgow  a  man  possessing  sufficient  wealth  and 
enterprise  to  invest  £1,000  in  his  steam-engine :  now  it 
is  the  engineering  metropolis  of  the  world,  furnishing  near- 
ly all  the  great  iron  steamships  for  the  merchant  navies  of 
every  nation  in  Europe. 


ELECTRIC  TELEGRAPHY. 


"  Canst  thou  send  lightnings,  that  they  may  go,  and  say  unto  thee,  Here  we  are  ?  " — Holy  Writ. 


From  remote  antiquity,  man  endeavored  to  communi- 
cate intelligence  rapidly  between  distant  points,  employing 
various  methods  of  signalling,  such  as  alarm-fires  burning 
on  commanding  points,  visible  at  great  distances  by  their 
smoke  by  day  and  their  light  by  night;  and  to  such  per- 
fection had  this  system  reached,  that  words  could  be  spelled 
by  means  of  fires  of  different  substances.  In  modern  times, 
semaphores,  flags,  and  cones,  have  been  in  turn  used ;  but,  as 
man  obtained  greater  rapidity  of  motion,  it  was  eminently 
fitting  that  a  speedier  system  of  transit  of  thought  should 
be  established  :  so  the  present  generation,  instead  of,  Ajax- 
like,  defying  the  lightning,  tamed  it  and  trained  it  to  the 
service  of  mankind,  as  the  speediest  method  of  dispersing 
his  thoughts  over  the  world. 

It  is  neither  to  our  purpose  nor  within  our  province  to 
enter  the  discussive  arena  and  fight  for  any  one  or  more  of 
the  contestants  in  the  discoveries  of  electrical  science ;  the 
fact  of  its  existence,  and  of  its  application  to  telegraphy, 
suffices  us.  We  shall  here  content  ourselves  with  saying 
that,  between  1747,  the  year  that  Franklin  proved  the  iden- 
tity of  lightning  and  electricity,  and  1837,  when  several 
telegraphs  were  brought  before  the  public  in  different 
countries,  the  production  of  different  inventors,  the  num- 
ber of  inventions  connected  with  the  electric  telegraph  was 
almost  endless.  In  that  year,  Cook  and  Wheatstone,  in 
England,  obtained  their  first  patent;  and  Morse  publicly 
exhibited  in  New  York  his  invention,  for  which  he  filed  a 
caveat,  and  in  1840  obtained  a  patent. 

In  1844,  Morse  sent  the  first  telegraphic  message  by 
electricity,  over  a  line  41  miles  in  length;  twenty-seven 
years  after,  we  find  there  were  176,458  miles  of  electric 
telegraph  line  in  the  United  States;  15,456  miles  in  Cana- 
da; 511,766  miles  of  the  principal  government  telegraphs 
in  Europe,  besides  50,000  miles  of  submarine  cable  in  the 
various  seas  and  oceans,  in  all  about  thirty-fold  the  circum- 
ference of  the  earth.   Thus  in  the  veriest  infancy  of  the  de- 


velopment of  electric  telegraphy  do  we  find  that,  between 
two  beats  of  the  pendulum  of  a  clock,  the  extreme  ends 
of  the  earth  are  brought  within  whispering-distance  of 
each  other.  Its  extension  over  the  civilized  parts  of 
the  earth  is  no  less  wonderful  than  the  great  and  startling 
discoveries  and  inventions  which  are  almost  yearly  being 
developed.  At  first  it  was  considered  necessary  to  have  a 
complete  circle  of  wire,  but  afterward  it  was  discovered 
that,  by  inserting  the  ends  of  the  wire  in  the  ground,  the 
earth  conveyed  the  return-current.  At  one  time  messages 
were  sent  alternately  from  either  end  of  the  wire;  now  mes- 
sages can  be  sent  simultaneously  from  each  end  of  the  wire. 

The  greatest  speed  attained  in  telegraphing  is  by  a  very 
ingenious  instrument,  invented  by  Alexander  Bain,  of  Eng- 
land, in  1846,  which  is  much  the  same  as  that  used  by  the 
Automatic  Telegraph  Company  of  New  York,  by  which  as 
many  as  500  words  a  minute  can  be  transmitted,  after  the 
message  has  been  "  prepared,"  or  punched  out  on  a  long  slip 
of  paper  by  an  instrument  for  the  purpose.  The  ordinary 
rate  by  Morse's  instrument,  which  is  still  the  one  in  use  all 
over  the  United  States  by  the  different  telegraph  companies, 
is  from  20  to  30  words  per  minute.  In  a  competition  for  a 
prize  given  by  Professor  Morse,  some  time  before  his  death, 
to  the  quickest  operator,  one  operator  telegraphed  for  two 
hours  at  the  rate  of  45£  words  per  minute,  but  was  com- 
pletely exhausted  by  the  trial. 

No  doubt,  much  remains  to  be  done  in  the  simplification 
and  improvement  of  the  means  of  producing  and  utilizing 
this  silent,  subtle  force  of  Nature,  even  for  the  purpose  of 
telegraphing — not  to  speak  of  other  uses  it  will,  in  the  prog- 
ress of  science,  come  to  be  applied  to — although,  when  one 
compares  the  past,  with  its  post-horses  and  carrier-doves, 
with  the  telegraph  of  the  present,  it  seems  impossible  that 
such  a  revolution  in  the  means  of  communication  is  likely 
to  occur  again.  We  seem  to  have  arrived  at  the  final 
agency,  and  what  now  remains  is  to  apply  it  to  the  best 


THE  ANCHOR  LINE  OF  STEAMERS. 


107 


advantage.  Water,  lire,  and  air,  have  all  served  man,  and 
served  him  well  for  thousands  of  years,  but  his  senses  have 
gradually  been  quickening  to  the  phenomena  of  hidden 
forces  in  Nature,  and  gradually  his  inquiring  mind  and 
stern  necessity  have  compelled  from  her  her  inmost  secrets, 
till  he  can  speed  along  behind  her  tamed  forces  at  the  rate 
of  a  mile  per  minute,  and  can  write  his  thoughts  at  a  dis- 
tance of  thousands  of  miles,  as  he  speaks  them. 

Briggs  and  Maverick,  in  their  story  of  the  telegraph, 
write :  "  Of  all  the  marvellous  achievements  of  modern  sci- 
ence, the  electric  telegraph  is  transcendently  the  greatest 
and  most  serviceable  to  mankind.  It  is  a  perpetual  mira- 
cle, which  no  familiarity  can  render  commonplace  


Thus  the  same  terrific  agent  which  rushes  with  blinding 
and  crushing  force  in  the  lightning,  has  been  brought  under 
the  perfect  control  of  man,  and  is  employed  at  his  will  as 
an  agent  of  his  necessities.  With  dissolving  energy  it  ef- 
fects the  most  subtle  analyses,  it  converts  the  sunbeam  into 
the  limner's  pencil,  employs  its  Titanic  force  in  blasting 
rocks,  dissolves  gold  and  silver,  and  employs  them  in  the 
gilding  and  plating  of  other  metals;  it  turns  policeman, 
sounding  its  whistle  and  alarm-bell ;  and,  lastly,  applies  its 
marvellous  energy  to  the  transmission  of  thought  from  con- 
tinent to  continent  with  such  rapidity  as  to  forestall  the 
flight  of  Time,  and  inaugurate  new  realizations  of  human 
powers  and  possibilities." 


Hail!  fairest  banner  on  the  wide  blue  seas! 
Long  may  Commerce's  most  auspicious  breeze 
Bear  thee  in  safety  through  the  tempest's  roar, 
'Tween  Caledonia's  and  Columbia's  shore; 
"Secure  midst  perils,"  of  whatever  form, 
Be  they  of  finance  or  of  raging  storm, 
O'er  either,  fiercely  though  the  billows  toss, 
Soar  thou,  majestic  as  the  Albatross ! 

Long  stream  thou  prosperous  on  the  Orient  wind, 

E'en  o'er  the  waters  of  the  sunny  Ind ; 

Long  gliding  proudly  in  Fortuna's  rays, 

O'er  the  fair  bosoms  of  the  classic  bays ; 

And,  modest  whispering,  wheresoe'er  unfurled, 

Thy  sacred  motto  to  the  thinking  world; 

For  there  is  meaning,  that  I  judge  divine, 

In  beaming  radiance,  in  thy  chaste  design  : 

Peace,  Hope,  Fraternity,  I  read  in  thee, 

As  I  behold  thee  fluttering  o'er  the  sea. 

Long  may  each  hand  that  hoists  thee  o'er  the  tide, 

Raise  thee  aloft  with  sentiments  of  pride ; 

And  the  first  verse  of  our  old  ballad  start 

A  welcome  echo  in  each  manly  heart, 

That  "Row  the  boaties"  o'er  whose  mainmasts  flow 

The  crimson  emblems  on  their  wings  of  snow. 

For  every  heart  that  loveth  Scotia's  weal, 

A  thrill  of  patriotic  pride  must  feel, 

To  see  thee  waving,  with  thy  dauntless  smile, 

A  peaceful  challenge  to  proud  Albion's  Isle  : 

To  see  thee  teach  prophetic  Fancy's  gaze 

To  paint  Clyde  River,  and  her  splendid  bays, 

Tenfold  more  densely  and  more  richly  dressed, 

With  prospering  banners,  hieing  east  and  west ; 

With  sister  symbols,  glistening  near  and  far, 

'Mong  which  may  thou  be  still  the  zenith  star ! 

Be  still  the  orb  whose  rising  altitude 


Chills  not  the  warmth  of  the  first  dawning  flood, 
But  kindlier  beameth  as  he  gains  in  height, 
O'er  the  dependants  of  his  fostering  light. 
Thus  e'er  will  mingle,  with  dependant's  fear, 
A  deep  affection  and  respect  sincere: 
When  sympathy  is  with  the  sceptre  given, 
The  sceptre  then  becomes  a  gift  of  Heaven. 

Commercial  genius  never  did  devise 

A  nobler  emblem  for  its  enterprise  ; 

What  worthier  ground  Commerce's  anchor  lease, 

Than  that  which  emblems  righteousness  and  peace  ? 

What  holier  ground  fraternal  links  forecaste 

To  make  the  anchor  of  their  hope  hold  fast  ? 

So  long  may  all  the  kindred  links  remain 

In  friendly  unity,  whate'er  the  strain 

Of  jerks  of  envy,  competition's  strife, 

Or  adverse  currents  in  the  waves  of  life. 

And  may  the  links,  now  in  the  forge  on  land, 

Be  each  so  tempered  by  a  master-hand, 

That  every  virtue  of  the  parent  ore, 

Be  sealed  unsullied  in  each  filial  core; 

And  all  so  welded,  that  when  comes  the  hour, 

That  fleeting  time  dissolves  the  revered  four, 

The  Anchor  still  may  have  a  trusty  chain, 

To  ride  the  bark  through  Trade's  capricious  main ; 

And  show  it  ever  when  the  gale  does  break, 

Like  some  rock  light-tower  in  the  cyclone's  wake, 

Just  when  the  storm's  dark  skirt  sweeps  by,' 

And  calm's  first  sunbeams  rush  along  the  sky  ; 

And  smile  again  on  the  yet  surging  deep, 

And  joyous  dance  around  the  light-tower  steep: 

Still  staunch,  unshaken  by  the  passing  shock, 

Firm  as  its  basis  of  unyielding  rock, 

Links  present  future — e'er  be  yours  the  power 

To  keep  trade's  bark  like  to  that  beacon-tower. 


Thus  thou  Rod  Anchor  of  aspiring  Clyde, 

Thy  fleet  will  flourish,  bonnie  Scotland's  pride; 

Ho  that  loves  Scotland,  let  him  zealous  be, 

And  aid  his  mite  for  thy  prosperity  ; 

And  all  who  share  it  serve  thee  true  and  well — 

Peace,  health,  fraternity,  among  them  dwell ! — Nauta. 


51  LWIOlf  STREET,  GLASGOW. 


THE  CITY  OF  GLASGOW. 


"  Yon  gathered  ocean  of  low,  lazy  clouds 
Points  out  the  gorgeous  city  of  commerce, 
Whose  merchants,  like  the  honorable  of  Tyre, 
Are  princes  'mid  the  nations  of  .the  earth  ; 
See  what  a  change  trade's  golden  wand  can  do  ! 
As  if  by  magic  make  a  village  spring 
To  all  the  glories  of  a  capital." — Dugald  Moore. 

"  The  deep-drawing  barks  do  there  disgorge  their  fraughtage." — Shakespeare. 


The  industrial  metropolis  of  Scotland,  in  point  of  popu- 
lation the  second  city  in  the  kingdom,  is,  after  London,  the 
largest  and  most  important ;  and  in  a  commercial  poiut  of 
view  lias  shown  the  most  extraordinary  progress,  arising 
from  its  situation  in  a  district  abounding  in  coal  and  iron  ; 
the  local  ingenuity  and  enterprising  spirit  of  its  inhabitants 
in  developing  its  various  industries;  and  the  facilities  af- 
forded by  the  Clyde  for  the  cultivation  of  a  world-wide 
commerce. 

It  was  here  that  James  Watt,  in  1765,  made  his  mem- 
orable improvement  on  the  steam-engine ;  it  was  here  that 
Henry  Bell,  in  1S12,  first  (in  the  Old  "World)  demonstrated 
the  practicability  of  steam  navigation  ;  and  now  the  steam- 
boat building  and  marine-engine  making  of  the  Clyde  ex- 
ceed those  of  all  the  other  ports  of  Great  Britain  combined. 

Its  chemical  works  are  the  largest  in  the  world ;  and 
among  its  thousand  chimney-stacks  there  are  two,  each  over 
ISO  feet  in  height :  it  has  large  spinning  and  weaving  fac- 
tories, bleach-fields,  dye-works,  distilleries,  breweries,  re- 
fineries, and  numerous  other  branches  of  industry,  all  lend- 
ing their  aid  to  enable  this  "  Venice  of  the  "West "  not  onlv 
to  maintain  her  present  magnitude,  but  in  continuing  to 
advance  in  a  ratio  as  prodigious  as  heretofore. 

Nature  gave  Glasgow  minerals — coal  and  iron — man 

has  done  the  rest.    The  inventions  of  Watt  and  Arkwright, 

Henry  Bell's  steamboats,  Monteith's  dye-works,  Tennant's 

chemical  discoveries  and  inventions,  Xeilson's  hot-air  blast, 

Henderson's  Meadowside  &  Finnieston  vast  and  extensive 

ship-building  and  engineering  works,  and  other  felicitous 

applications  of  intellect  and  ingenuity,  have  been  to  Glas- 
15 


gow  what  wide  ranges  of  fertile  land  and  a  genial  climate 
have  been  to  other  places. 

But  its  situation,  its  commercial  facilities,  and  the  en- 
terprise of  its  inhabitants,  would  have  been  of  no  avail,  and 
Glasgow  would  never  have  been  the  mart  of  commerce  and 
centre  of  manufactures  she  has  become,  had  it  not  been  for 
the  vast  engineering  skill  displayed  in  the  deepening  of  the 
river  Clyde  (the  Glotta  of  Tacitus).  As  the  river  deepened, 
new  avenues  and  sources  cf  commerce  opened  up;  the  mer- 
chant princes,  the  commercial  lords  of  this  modern  Tyre, 
formed  connections  and  established  houses  in  every  foreign 
market  where  British  goods  could  find  a  sale,  or  whence 
any  produce  could  be  imported  which  the  necessity  or 
luxury  of  the  British  people  might  require. 

Two  hundred  years  ago  the  merchants  of  Glasgow  had 
their  shipping-harbor  on  the  Ayrshire  coast.  This  port 
being  distant,  and  land-carriage  expensive,  the  magistrates 
in  1658  negotiated  with  the  magistrates  of  Dumbarton  for 
the  purchase  of  ground  for  a  harbor.  After  some  discus- 
sion, the  negotiation  broke  off,  the  authorities  of  Dumbar- 
ton considering  that  "  the  great  influx  of  mariners  would 
raise  the  price  of  provisions  to  the  inhabitants."  The  ma- 
gistrates of  Glasgow,  in  1662,  purchased  thirteen  acres  of 
ground,  on  which,  twenty-two  miles  from  the  city,  they 
laid  out  the  town  of  Port-Glasgow,  built  harbors,  and  made 
the  first  dry  or  graving  dock  in  Scotland. 

An  act  of  Parliament  was  obtained,  in  1759,  for  render- . 
ing  the  river  navigable  by  means  of  locks.    This,  however, 
was  fortunately  not  acted  on.    In  1770  another  act  of  Par- 
liament was  obtained,  introducing  jetties.    At  that  time  the 


112 


THE  ANCHOR  LINE  OE  STEAMERS. 


navigable  depth  of  water  to  Glasgow  was  three  feet  at  high 
water,  spring-tides,  while  the  high  water  of  neap-tides  did 
not  reach  Glasgow  at  all.  The  river  was  crossed  at  seven 
fords,  the  one  farthest  down  being  twelve  miles  below  the 
city,  and  which  had  two  feet  on  it  at  low  water. 

In  1798  a  dredging-machine,  worked  by  manual  labor, 
commenced  deepening  the  shallowest  places,  and  the  result 
in  a  few  years  enabled  vessels  drawing  six  feet  of  water  to 
reach  Glasgow  at  high-water,  spring-tides. 

In  1824  the  Clyde  trustees  obtained  their  first  steam- 
dredger,  and  in  1831  two  vessels  drawing  13  feet  reached 
Glasgow ;  in  1836,  six  vessels  drawing  15  feet ;  in  1839, 
one  vessel  drawing  17  feet ;  in  1853,  two  drawing  19  feet; 
in  1860,  eight  drawing  19  feet ;  in  1863,  two  drawing  21 
feet ;  and  now,  in  1872,  the  leviathan  steamers  of  The  An- 
chor Line  can  easily  and  daily  ascend  the  river  to  Glasgow. 

The  trustees  of  the  Clyde  navigation  have  expended 
twenty-eight  million  dollaks  in  deepening  and  otherwise 
improving  the  river.  During  the  last  thirty  years,  upward 
of  20,000,000  tons  of  material  have  been  dredged  from  the 
bed  of  the  river,  and  this  work  is  vigorously  continued  with 
six  machines,  dredging  annually  over  1,000,000  tons.  No 
nationality  but  Scottish  or  American  would  have  acted  with 
such  continuous,  persistent,  and  tenacious  zeal  in  overcom- 


ing the  disadvantages  incident  to  turning  a  small  creek  into 
a  deep-sea  canal,  so  as  to  have  it  recorded  as  one  of  the 
wonders  of  engineering  skill — in  fact,  the  ninth  wonder  of 
the  world. 

To  fully  illustrate  the  vast  increase,  we  will  give  the 
annual  revenue  of  the  Clyde  trust  at  each  decade,  premising 
that,  prior  to  1770,  the  total  revenue  for  twenty  years  only 
amounted  to  $735. 

In  1800                   $16,590  In  1840  $232,630 

"  1810                     33,380  "  1850   321,210 

"  1820                      31,640  "  1860   489,910 

"  1830                    101,480  "  1870   820,460 

Showing  that  in  each  ten  years  the  shipping-trade  of  Glas- 
gow has  increased  50  per  cent.,  until  now  the  registered 
tonnage  of  vessels  arriving  and  departing  from  that  port 
exceeds  5,000,000  tons  annually. 

And  here  let  us  add  that,  while  contemplating  the  mag- 
nificence of  the  results,  it  was  owing  to  the  unconquerable 
perseverance  of  the  Eiver  Clyde  Trustees  that  in  a  small 
and  mountainous  country,  with  a  scattered  population  of 
two  or  three  millions,  with  an  unkind  climate  and  an  un- 
congenial soil,  a  city  has  been  reared,  the  ratio  of  whose 
increase  in  wealth  and  population  no  city  in  the  Old  World 
can  parallel. 


PROGRESS  OF  POPULATION. 


TEARS. 

United  States. 

United  Kingdom. 

Scotland. 

New  York  State. 

New  York. 

Glasgow. 

Liverpool. 

1800  

5,308,483 

16,160,047 

1,608,420 

589,051 

60,489 

77,058 

82,295 

1810  

7,239,881 

18,627,476 

1,805,864 

459,049 

96,373 

103,224 

104,104 

1820  

9,633,822 

21,280,887 

2,091,521 

1,372,111 

123,706 

140,432 

138,354 

1830  

12,806,020 

24,409,311 

2,364,386 

1,918,608 

202,589 

193,030 

201,751 

1840  

17,069,453 

27,049,575 

2,620,184 

2,428,921 

312,852 

261,004 

286,487 

1850  

23,191,876 

27,737,363 

2,888,742 

3,097,394 

515,394 

329,097 

375,955 

1860  

31,443,321 

29,334,710 

3,062,294 

3,880,735 

814,254 

446,639 

443,938 

1870  

38,558,371 

31,609,910 

3,358,613 

4,382,750 

942,292 

566,150 

493,346 

From  the  above  we  learn  that,  since  the  beginning  of  the  present  century,  the  population  of  the  United  States  and 
of  New  York  State  have  increased  seven-fold ;  that  of  the  United  Kingdom  and  of  Scotland  have  only  doubled ;  and 
that  while  in  the  same  time  New  York  City  has  increased  nearly  sixteen  times,  and  that  of  Glasgow  nearly  eight 
times,  Liverpool  has  only  increased  six  times. 

From  the  last  census  statistics  we  ascertain  that,  of  the  population  of  the  United  States,  32,989,437  are  native  born, 
and  5,566,548  are  foreign  born,  or  about  seventeen  per  cent. ;  that  10,521,233  have  foreign  fathers,  10,105,627  have 
foreign  mothers,  and  9,734,845  have  foreign  fathers  and  foreign  mothers. 


DIMENSIONS  OF  THE 

ANCHOR  LINE  ATLANTIC  FLEET. 


NAME. 


Alexandria  

Anglia  

Assyria  

Australia  

Bolivia  (building)... 

*  Britannia  

t  Caledonia  

California  

Casta  I  ia  (building) 

Columbia  

Ely  Si  a  (building)... 

Ethiopia  ' 

Europa  

India  

*  Iowa  

Ismailia  

Italia  (building).... 

Olympia  

Trinacria  

Utopia  (building)... 

Victoria 


When  built. 


1870 
1S70 
1871 
1870 
1873 
1863 
1863 
1872 
1873 
1867 

1873 
1867 
1869 
1864 
1870 
1372 
1872 
1871 
1873 
1872 


Length. 

Breadth. 

Depth. 

Tonnage. 

inn  t 
o  uu.o 

oo.o 

99  fi 

1  a^n 
1,00  u 

Q9K  ? 
oZo.o 

OO . 

&&.0 

9  1  /,9 

inn  k 

o  uu.o 

tj>®  0 
oo.o 

99  ft 

1  (11(1 

%9  /  R 

OO./!' 

99  % 

9  1  f,1 

/,  1(1 

/  9%n 

9ft1  % 

6  UJ..O 

q>0  -I 
OO.-L 

91  (1 

1  3Q9 
J.  ,  ou  & 

306. 

34. 

22. 

2,093 

361.5 

40.5 

24.5 

3,287 

330. 

35. 

2,700 

283.3 

33.7 

22.3 

1,698 

410. 

40. 

4,250 

290.4 

33.6 

22.9 

1,701 

311.6 

36.7 

23.6 

2,166 

315. 

34. 

24. 

2,114 

300.5 

33.3 

22.6 

1,630 

300. 

34.4 

21.9 

2,245 

307.1 

34.6 

21.8 

2,051 

306. 

344 

22. 

2,107 

375. 

40. 

3,700  ' 

360. 

40.1 

24.2 

3,242 

*  Will  be  lengthened  and  rcengiiicd  in  1873. 


f  Lengthened  and  rcengincd  in  1872. 


